fix(ext/node): avoid stack overflow in node:zlib's gunzip (#30865)

Fixes #30829

## Problem

The zlib polyfill had recursive calls between `processCallback` and
`handle.write()` that caused stack overflow when decompressing large
data.

## Solution

Defer `handle.write()` calls with `process.nextTick()` to break the
synchronous call chain.

## Changes
- `ext/node/polyfills/zlib.js`: Wrapped `handle.write()` in
`process.nextTick()`
- `tests/unit_node/zlib_test.ts`: Added test for 64MiB data
decompression

ext/node/polyfills/zlib.js

@@ -608,19 +608,7 @@ function processCallback() {
     handle.availInBefore = availInAfter;
 
     if (!streamBufferIsFull) {
-      this.write(
-        handle.flushFlag,
-        this.buffer, // in
-        handle.inOff, // in_off
-        handle.availInBefore, // in_len
-        self._outBuffer, // out
-        self._outOffset, // out_off
-        self._chunkSize,
-      ); // out_len
-    } else {
-      const oldRead = self._read;
-      self._read = (n) => {
-        self._read = oldRead;
+      process.nextTick(() => {
         this.write(
           handle.flushFlag,
           this.buffer, // in
@@ -630,6 +618,22 @@ function processCallback() {
           self._outOffset, // out_off
           self._chunkSize,
         ); // out_len
+      });
+    } else {
+      const oldRead = self._read;
+      self._read = (n) => {
+        self._read = oldRead;
+        process.nextTick(() => {
+          this.write(
+            handle.flushFlag,
+            this.buffer, // in
+            handle.inOff, // in_off
+            handle.availInBefore, // in_len
+            self._outBuffer, // out
+            self._outOffset, // out_off
+            self._chunkSize,
+          ); // out_len
+        });
         self._read(n);
       };
     }

tests/unit_node/zlib_test.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import {
   createBrotliDecompress,
   createDeflate,
   deflateSync,
+  gunzip,
   gzip,
   gzipSync,
   unzipSync,
@@ -286,3 +287,31 @@ Deno.test("ERR_BUFFER_TOO_LARGE works correctly", () => {
     "Cannot create a Buffer larger than 1 bytes",
   );
 });
+
+// https://github.com/denoland/deno/issues/30829
+Deno.test("gunzip doesn't cause stack overflow with 64MiB data", async () => {
+  const data = Buffer.alloc(64 * 1024 * 1024);
+  const compressed = gzipSync(data);
+
+  const { promise, resolve, reject } = Promise.withResolvers<void>();
+
+  gunzip(compressed, (err, result) => {
+    if (err) {
+      reject(err);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!result) {
+      reject(new Error("expected gunzip to return a Buffer"));
+      return;
+    }
+    if (result.length !== data.length) {
+      reject(
+        new Error(`expected ${data.length} bytes, got ${result.length}`),
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    resolve();
+  });
+
+  await promise;
+});