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# Operator [...T], O
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Operator.md&commit_hash=d15cbbf7b33df0f78a575cff9679d84c36ea3ab1)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Operator.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
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演算子の型です。
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# Ratio
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Ratio.md&commit_hash=d15cbbf7b33df0f78a575cff9679d84c36ea3ab1)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Ratio.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
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有理数を表す型です。主に、分数を使いたいときに使います。
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実はErgでの/演算子はRatioを返します。1/3などは0.33333...とは評価されず1/3のまま処理されます。また、0.1は1/10と等価です。なので、`0.1 + 0.2 == 0.3`となります。当たり前のように聞こえますが、PythonではなんとFalseになります。
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# Tensor Shape: [Nat; N]
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Tensor.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Tensor.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
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多次元配列を効率的に操作するためのクラス。多次元配列に対する積などの演算も定義する。
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Matrix, Vectorなどはこの型を継承している。
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# UnaryOp T, O
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/patches/UnaryOp.md&commit_hash=d15cbbf7b33df0f78a575cff9679d84c36ea3ab1)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/patches/UnaryOp.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
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単項演算子の型です。
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# ErgコードはPythonコードにどのようにトランスパイルされるか?
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/compiler/transpile.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/compiler/transpile.md&commit_hash=a9d45b743cc655543e0d7f586426499091cead3d)
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正確には、ErgコードはPythonバイトコードにトランスパイルされます。
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しかしPythonバイトコードはほぼPythonコードに復元できるので、ここでは等価なPythonコードを例として上げています。
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# 書式
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/dev_guide/doc_guideline.md&commit_hash=d15cbbf7b33df0f78a575cff9679d84c36ea3ab1)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/dev_guide/doc_guideline.md&commit_hash=a9d45b743cc655543e0d7f586426499091cead3d)
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以下のルールに従っていないドキュメントはすべて修正の対象となる。
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# Erg design's "Why" and Answers
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/faq_syntax.md&commit_hash=1b3d7827bb770459475e4102c6f5c43d8ad79ae4)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/faq_syntax.md&commit_hash=a9d45b743cc655543e0d7f586426499091cead3d)
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## Erg メモリ管理モデル
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# Pythonのクラスシステム(Ergとの比較)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/python/class_system.md&commit_hash=51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/python/class_system.md&commit_hash=2ecd249a2a99dc93dde2660b8d50bfa4fa0b03b9)
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## メソッド
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# 基本事項
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/00_basic.md&commit_hash=736dcb272d2132883ec7b883f7694829398be61e)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/00_basic.md&commit_hash=b9329fe66e9a24368e1380754fb7a35beb37ab0d)
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> __Warning__: 本ドキュメントは未完成です。校正(文体、正しいリンクが張られているか、など)がなされていません。また、Ergの文法はバージョン0.*の間に破壊的変更が加えられる可能性があり、それに伴うドキュメントの更新が追いついていない可能性があります。予めご了承ください。
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> また、本ドキュメントの誤りを見つけた場合は、[こちらのフォーム](https://forms.gle/HtLYRfYzWCAaeTGb6)または[GitHubリポジトリ](https://github.com/mtshiba/TheErgBook/issues/new)から修正の提案をしていただけると幸いです。
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# セット
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/14_set.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/14_set.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
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セットは集合を表し、データ構造的には重複、順序のない配列です。
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# イテレータ
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
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イテレータは、コンテナの要素を取り出すためのオブジェクトです。
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# 可視性
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/19_visibility.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/19_visibility.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
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Ergの変数には __可視性__ という概念が存在します。
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今まで見てきた変数は全て __プライベート変数(非公開変数)__ と呼ばれます。これは、外部から不可視の変数です。
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# モジュール
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/24_module.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/24_module.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
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Ergでは、ファイル自体を1つのレコードとみなすことができます。これをモジュールと呼びます。
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# デコレータ(修飾子)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/29_decorator.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/29_decorator.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
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デコレータは型や関数に特定の状態や振る舞いを追加したり明示するために使われます。
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デコレータの文法は以下の通りです。
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# 添字アクセス
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/container_ownership.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/container_ownership.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
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`[]`は通常のメソッドとは異なっています。
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# Ergの文法一覧 (ver 0.1.0, provisional)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/grammar.md&commit_hash=f09ef75b8b7bb86f892f224db4392c7c340b1147)
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```
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special_op ::= '=' | '->' | '=>' | '.' | ',' | ':' | '::' | '|>' | '&'
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separator ::= ';' | '\n'
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# 索引
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/indexes.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/indexes.md&commit_hash=d8472ec748aac5371571da81a161255fe60679b7)
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この索引にないAPIについては[こちら](../API/index.md)を参照してください。
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# クイックツアー
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/quick_tour.md&commit_hash=51016775279ecd28b87178dab6a493a645abb171)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/quick_tour.md&commit_hash=2ecd249a2a99dc93dde2660b8d50bfa4fa0b03b9)
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`syntax`以下のドキュメントは、概ねプログラミング初心者でも理解できることを目指して書かれています。
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すでにPythonやRust, Haskellなどの言語を習得されている方にとっては、少し冗長であるかもしれません。
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# クラス
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/04_class.md&commit_hash=00350f64a40b12f763a605bc16748d09379ab182)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/04_class.md&commit_hash=a9d45b743cc655543e0d7f586426499091cead3d)
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Ergにおけるクラスは、大まかには自身の要素(インスタンス)を生成できる型と言えます。
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以下は単純なクラスの例です。
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# rank-2多相
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/_rank2type.md&commit_hash=00350f64a40b12f763a605bc16748d09379ab182)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/_rank2type.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
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> __Warning__: このドキュメントは情報が古く、全般に間違いを含みます。
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# カインド
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md&commit_hash=a9ea4eca75fe849e31f83570159f84b611892d7a)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
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Ergでは全てが型付けられている。型自体も例外ではない。「型の型」を表すのが __カインド(種)__ である。例えば`1`が`Int`に属しているように、`Int`は`Type`に属している。`Type`は最もシンプルなカインドである __原子カインド(Atomic kind)__ である。型理論的の記法では、`Type`は`*`に対応する。
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# 型拡大
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/widening.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/widening.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
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例えば以下のような多相関数を定義する。
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# 用語辞典
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/terms.md&commit_hash=1b3d7827bb770459475e4102c6f5c43d8ad79ae4)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/terms.md&commit_hash=132373c23e0d7828a6571b0b74e74ba1608c7a98)
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## 記号
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# testサブコマンド
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/tools/test.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/tools/test.md&commit_hash=a162001c6fb8938240cd0006b256969cce1298a6)
|
||||
|
||||
ergコマンドにはtestというサブコマンドがあり、テスト実装、及び実行の支援を行う。
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Operator [...T], O
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Operator.md&commit_hash=d15cbbf7b33df0f78a575cff9679d84c36ea3ab1)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Operator.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
是运算符的类型
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Ratio
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Ratio.md&commit_hash=d15cbbf7b33df0f78a575cff9679d84c36ea3ab1)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Ratio.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
表示有理数的类型。它主要用于当您要使用分数时
|
||||
实际上，Erg中的/运算符返回 Ratio。1/3等不被评估为 0.33333... 并且被处理为1/3。此外，0.1 相当于 1/10。所以`0.1 + 0.2 == 0.3`。这听起来很明显，但在 Python中它是False
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Tensor Shape: [Nat; N]
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Tensor.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Tensor.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
用于有效操作多维数组的类。它还定义了诸如多维数组上的乘法之类的操作
|
||||
Matrix、Vector 等都继承自该类型
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# UnaryOp T, O
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/patches/UnaryOp.md&commit_hash=d15cbbf7b33df0f78a575cff9679d84c36ea3ab1)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/patches/UnaryOp.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
一元运算符的类型
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Erg 代码如何转译成 Python 代码?
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/compiler/transpile.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/compiler/transpile.md&commit_hash=a9d45b743cc655543e0d7f586426499091cead3d)
|
||||
|
||||
准确地说，Erg 代码被转译为 Python 字节码
|
||||
但是，由于 Python 字节码几乎可以重构为 Python 代码，因此这里以等效的 Python 代码为例
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 格式
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/dev_guide/doc_guideline.md&commit_hash=d15cbbf7b33df0f78a575cff9679d84c36ea3ab1)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/dev_guide/doc_guideline.md&commit_hash=a9d45b743cc655543e0d7f586426499091cead3d)
|
||||
|
||||
任何不符合以下规则的文件都将得到更正
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Erg 部分设计的原因
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/faq_syntax.md&commit_hash=1b3d7827bb770459475e4102c6f5c43d8ad79ae4)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/faq_syntax.md&commit_hash=a9d45b743cc655543e0d7f586426499091cead3d)
|
||||
|
||||
## Erg内存管理模型
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Python 类系统(与 Erg 比较)
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/python/class_system.md&commit_hash=51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/python/class_system.md&commit_hash=2ecd249a2a99dc93dde2660b8d50bfa4fa0b03b9)
|
||||
|
||||
## 方法
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 基本
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/00_basic.md&commit_hash=736dcb272d2132883ec7b883f7694829398be61e)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/00_basic.md&commit_hash=b9329fe66e9a24368e1380754fb7a35beb37ab0d)
|
||||
|
||||
> __Warning__: 本文档不完整。它未经校对(样式、正确链接、误译等)。此外，Erg 的语法可能在版本 0.* 期间发生破坏性更改，并且文档可能没有相应更新。请事先了解这一点
|
||||
> 如果您在本文档中发现任何错误，请报告至 [此处的表单](https://forms.gle/HtLYRfYzWCAaeTGb6) 或 [GitHub repo](https://github.com/mtshiba/TheErgBook/issues/new )。我们将不胜感激您的建议
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Set
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/14_set.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/14_set.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
一个Set代表一个集合，它在结构上是一个重复的无序数组
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 迭代器
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
迭代器是用于检索容器元素的对象
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 可见性
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/19_visibility.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/19_visibility.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
Erg 变量具有 __visibility__ 的概念
|
||||
到目前为止，我们看到的所有变量都称为 __private variables__。这是一个外部不可见的变量
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 模块
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/24_module.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/24_module.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
Erg允许您将文件本身视为单个记录(Record)。这称为模块。
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 装饰器(修饰符)
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/29_decorator.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/29_decorator.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
装饰器用于向类型或函数添加或演示特定状态或行为
|
||||
装饰器的语法如下
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 下标(索引访问)
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/container_ownership.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/container_ownership.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
`[]` 不同于普通的方法
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
|
|||
# Erg 的语法(版本 0.1.0, 临时)
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/grammar.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
special_op ::= '=' | '->' | '=>' | '.' | ',' | ':' | '::' | '|>' | '&'
|
||||
separator ::= ';' | '\n'
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 指数
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/indexes.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/indexes.md&commit_hash=d8472ec748aac5371571da81a161255fe60679b7)
|
||||
|
||||
有关不在此索引中的 API，请参阅 [此处](../API/index.md)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 快速浏览
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/quick_tour.md&commit_hash=51016775279ecd28b87178dab6a493a645abb171)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/quick_tour.md&commit_hash=2ecd249a2a99dc93dde2660b8d50bfa4fa0b03b9)
|
||||
|
||||
`syntax` 下面的文档是为了让编程初学者也能理解而编写的
|
||||
对于已经掌握 Python、Rust、Haskell 等语言的人来说，可能有点啰嗦
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Class
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/04_class.md&commit_hash=00350f64a40b12f763a605bc16748d09379ab182)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/04_class.md&commit_hash=a9d45b743cc655543e0d7f586426499091cead3d)
|
||||
|
||||
Erg 中的类大致是一种可以创建自己的元素(实例)的类型
|
||||
这是一个简单类的示例
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Kind
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md&commit_hash=a9ea4eca75fe849e31f83570159f84b611892d7a)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
一切都在 Erg 中输入。类型本身也不例外。__kind__ 表示"类型的类型"。例如，`Int` 属于 `Type`，就像 `1` 属于 `Int`。`Type` 是最简单的一种，__atomic kind__。在类型论符号中，`Type` 对应于 `*`
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 指示转换运算符关键字: widening
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/widening.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/widening.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
例如，定义多相关系数如下
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 词汇表
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/terms.md&commit_hash=1b3d7827bb770459475e4102c6f5c43d8ad79ae4)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/terms.md&commit_hash=132373c23e0d7828a6571b0b74e74ba1608c7a98)
|
||||
|
||||
## 符号
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 测试子命令
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/tools/test.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/tools/test.md&commit_hash=a162001c6fb8938240cd0006b256969cce1298a6)
|
||||
|
||||
erg 命令有一个名为 test 的子命令，它支持测试的实现和执行
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Operator [...T], O
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Operator.md&commit_hash=d15cbbf7b33df0f78a575cff9679d84c36ea3ab1)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Operator.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
是運算符的類型
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Ratio
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Ratio.md&commit_hash=d15cbbf7b33df0f78a575cff9679d84c36ea3ab1)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Ratio.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
表示有理數的類型。它主要用于當您要使用分數時
|
||||
實際上，Erg中的/運算符返回 Ratio。1/3等不被評估為 0.33333... 并且被處理為1/3。此外，0.1 相當于 1/10。所以`0.1 + 0.2 == 0.3`。這聽起來很明顯，但在 Python中它是False
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Tensor Shape: [Nat; N]
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Tensor.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/classes/Tensor.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
用于有效操作多維數組的類。它還定義了諸如多維數組上的乘法之類的操作
|
||||
Matrix、Vector 等都繼承自該類型
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# UnaryOp T, O
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/patches/UnaryOp.md&commit_hash=d15cbbf7b33df0f78a575cff9679d84c36ea3ab1)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/types/patches/UnaryOp.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
一元運算符的類型
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Erg 代碼如何轉譯成 Python 代碼?
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/compiler/transpile.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/compiler/transpile.md&commit_hash=a9d45b743cc655543e0d7f586426499091cead3d)
|
||||
|
||||
準確地說，Erg 代碼被轉譯為 Python 字節碼
|
||||
但是，由于 Python 字節碼幾乎可以重構為 Python 代碼，因此這里以等效的 Python 代碼為例
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 格式
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/dev_guide/doc_guideline.md&commit_hash=d15cbbf7b33df0f78a575cff9679d84c36ea3ab1)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/dev_guide/doc_guideline.md&commit_hash=a9d45b743cc655543e0d7f586426499091cead3d)
|
||||
|
||||
任何不符合以下規則的文件都將得到更正
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Erg 部分設計的原因
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/faq_syntax.md&commit_hash=1b3d7827bb770459475e4102c6f5c43d8ad79ae4)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/faq_syntax.md&commit_hash=a9d45b743cc655543e0d7f586426499091cead3d)
|
||||
|
||||
## Erg內存管理模型
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -80,11 +80,11 @@ try!:
|
|||
|
||||
此外，Erg 沒有引入異常機制的另一個原因是它計劃引入并行編程的功能。這是因為異常機制與并行執行不兼容(例如，如果并行執行導致多個異常，則很難處理)
|
||||
|
||||
## Erg似乎删除了被認為是糟糕實踐的Python特性，為什麼不取消繼承呢？
|
||||
## Erg似乎刪除了被認為是糟糕實踐的Python特性，為什么不取消繼承呢？
|
||||
|
||||
這是因為Python庫中的類是在假定它們將被繼承的基礎上設計的，如果完全取消繼承，那麼它們的操作就會出現問題
|
||||
這是因為Python庫中的類是在假定它們將被繼承的基礎上設計的，如果完全取消繼承，那么它們的操作就會出現問題
|
||||
|
||||
然而，在Erg中，默認情况下類是final的，原則上禁止多重/多級繼承，囙此可以相對安全地使用繼承
|
||||
然而，在Erg中，默認情況下類是final的，原則上禁止多重/多級繼承，因此可以相對安全地使用繼承
|
||||
|
||||
## 為什么多相關數的子類型推理默認指向記名trait?
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Python 類系統(與 Erg 比較)
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/python/class_system.md&commit_hash=51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/python/class_system.md&commit_hash=2ecd249a2a99dc93dde2660b8d50bfa4fa0b03b9)
|
||||
|
||||
## 方法
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 基本
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/00_basic.md&commit_hash=736dcb272d2132883ec7b883f7694829398be61e)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/00_basic.md&commit_hash=b9329fe66e9a24368e1380754fb7a35beb37ab0d)
|
||||
|
||||
> __Warning__: 本文檔不完整。它未經校對(樣式、正確鏈接、誤譯等)。此外，Erg 的語法可能在版本 0.* 期間發生破壞性更改，并且文檔可能沒有相應更新。請事先了解這一點
|
||||
> 如果您在本文檔中發現任何錯誤，請報告至 [此處的表單](https://forms.gle/HtLYRfYzWCAaeTGb6) 或 [GitHub repo](https://github.com/mtshiba/TheErgBook/issues/new )。我們將不勝感激您的建議
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Set
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/14_set.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/14_set.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
一個Set代表一個集合，它在結構上是一個重復的無序數組
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 迭代器
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
迭代器是用于檢索容器元素的對象
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 可見性
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/19_visibility.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/19_visibility.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
Erg 變量具有 __visibility__ 的概念
|
||||
到目前為止，我們看到的所有變量都稱為 __private variables__。這是一個外部不可見的變量
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 模塊
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/24_module.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/24_module.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
Erg允許您將文件本身視為單個記錄(Record)。這稱為模塊。
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 裝飾器(修飾符)
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/29_decorator.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/29_decorator.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
裝飾器用于向類型或函數添加或演示特定狀態或行為
|
||||
裝飾器的語法如下
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 下標(索引訪問)
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/container_ownership.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/container_ownership.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
`[]` 不同于普通的方法
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
|
|||
# Erg 的語法(版本 0.1.0, 臨時)
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/grammar.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
special_op ::= '=' | '->' | '=>' | '.' | ',' | ':' | '::' | '|>' | '&'
|
||||
separator ::= ';' | '\n'
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 指數
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/indexes.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/indexes.md&commit_hash=d8472ec748aac5371571da81a161255fe60679b7)
|
||||
|
||||
有關不在此索引中的 API，請參閱 [此處](../API/index.md)
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 快速瀏覽
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/quick_tour.md&commit_hash=51016775279ecd28b87178dab6a493a645abb171)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/quick_tour.md&commit_hash=2ecd249a2a99dc93dde2660b8d50bfa4fa0b03b9)
|
||||
|
||||
`syntax` 下面的文檔是為了讓編程初學者也能理解而編寫的
|
||||
對于已經掌握 Python、Rust、Haskell 等語言的人來說，可能有點啰嗦
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Class
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/04_class.md&commit_hash=00350f64a40b12f763a605bc16748d09379ab182)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/04_class.md&commit_hash=a9d45b743cc655543e0d7f586426499091cead3d)
|
||||
|
||||
Erg 中的類大致是一種可以創建自己的元素(實例)的類型
|
||||
這是一個簡單類的示例
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# Kind
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md&commit_hash=a9ea4eca75fe849e31f83570159f84b611892d7a)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
一切都在 Erg 中輸入。類型本身也不例外。__kind__ 表示"類型的類型"。例如，`Int` 屬于 `Type`，就像 `1` 屬于 `Int`。`Type` 是最簡單的一種，__atomic kind__。在類型論符號中，`Type` 對應于 `*`
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 指示轉換運算符關鍵字: widening
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/widening.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/widening.md&commit_hash=b07c17708b9141bbce788d2e5b3ad4f365d342fa)
|
||||
|
||||
例如，定義多相關系數如下
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# 詞匯表
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/terms.md&commit_hash=1b3d7827bb770459475e4102c6f5c43d8ad79ae4)
|
||||
[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/terms.md&commit_hash=132373c23e0d7828a6571b0b74e74ba1608c7a98)
|
||||
|
||||
## 符號
|
||||
|
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# 測試子命令
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/tools/test.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)
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[](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/tools/test.md&commit_hash=a162001c6fb8938240cd0006b256969cce1298a6)
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erg 命令有一個名為 test 的子命令，它支持測試的實現和執行
|
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|
|
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