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doc/JA/API/modules/external/alstruct.md vendored
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# alstruct # alstruct
[![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/API/modules/external/alstruct.md%26commit_hash%3D06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/modules/external/alstruct.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352) [![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/API/modules/external/alstruct.md%26commit_hash%3D14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/modules/external/alstruct.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
代数的構造を表すトレイトや、それにかかるパッチを提供するモジュール。 代数的構造を表すトレイトや、それにかかるパッチを提供するモジュール。
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ assert Nat.ReturnTypeof(Div) == Positive Ratio
```python ```python
SemiGroup Op: Kind 2 = Op(Self, Self) SemiGroup Op: Kind 2 = Op(Self, Self)
IntIsSemiGroupAdd = Patch Int, Impl=SemiGroup Add IntIsSemiGroupAdd = Patch Int, Impl := SemiGroup Add
Int <: SemiGroup Add Int <: SemiGroup Add
``` ```

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doc/JA/syntax/16_iterator.md
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# イテレータ # イテレータ
[![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md%26commit_hash%3D51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md&commit_hash=51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258) [![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md%26commit_hash%3D14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
イテレータは、コンテナの要素を取り出すためのオブジェクトです。 イテレータは、コンテナの要素を取り出すためのオブジェクトです。

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# トレイト # トレイト
[![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/03_trait.md%26commit_hash%3D51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/03_trait.md&commit_hash=51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258) [![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/03_trait.md%26commit_hash%3D14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/03_trait.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
トレイトは、レコード型に型属性の要求を追加した記名型です。 トレイトは、レコード型に型属性の要求を追加した記名型です。
Pythonでいう抽象基底クラス(Abstract Base Class, ABC)に類似しますが、代数的演算を行えるという特徴があります。 Pythonでいう抽象基底クラス(Abstract Base Class, ABC)に類似しますが、代数的演算を行えるという特徴があります。

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doc/JA/syntax/type/15_quantified.md
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# 型変数(Type Variable)、量化型 # 型変数(Type Variable)、量化型
[![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/15_quantified.md%26commit_hash%3D51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/15_quantified.md&commit_hash=51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258) [![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/15_quantified.md%26commit_hash%3D14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/15_quantified.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
型変数はサブルーチン引数の型指定などに使用する変数で、その型が任意である(単相化しない)ことを示します。 型変数はサブルーチン引数の型指定などに使用する変数で、その型が任意である(単相化しない)ことを示します。
まず、型変数を導入するモチベーションとして、入力をそのまま返す`id`関数について考えましょう。 まず、型変数を導入するモチベーションとして、入力をそのまま返す`id`関数について考えましょう。

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doc/JA/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md
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# カインド(Kind) # カインド(Kind)
[![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md%26commit_hash%3D06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352) [![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md%26commit_hash%3D14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
Ergでは全てが型付けられている。型自体も例外ではない。「型の型」を表すのが __カインド(種)__ である。例えば`1`が`Int`に属しているように、`Int`は`Type`に属している。`Type`は最もシンプルなカインドである __原子カインド(Atomic kind)__ である。型理論的の記法では、`Type`は`*`に対応する。 Ergでは全てが型付けられている。型自体も例外ではない。「型の型」を表すのが __カインド(種)__ である。例えば`1`が`Int`に属しているように、`Int`は`Type`に属している。`Type`は最もシンプルなカインドである __原子カインド(Atomic kind)__ である。型理論的の記法では、`Type`は`*`に対応する。

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doc/zh_CN/API/modules/external/alstruct.md vendored
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# 结构 # 结构
[![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/API/modules/external/alstruct.md%26commit_hash%3D06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/modules/external/alstruct.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352) [![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/API/modules/external/alstruct.md%26commit_hash%3D14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/modules/external/alstruct.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
模块为它们提供代表代数结构和补丁的特征 模块为它们提供代表代数结构和补丁的特征
* 成员 * 成员
## 二进制运算 ## BinOp(二进制运算)
```python ```python
BinOp Op: Kind 2 = Subsume Op(Self, Self.ReturnTypeOf Op), Additional: { BinOp Op: Kind 2 = Subsume Op(Self, Self.ReturnTypeOf Op), Additional: {
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ assert Nat. ReturnTypeof(Mul) == Nat
assert Nat.ReturnTypeof(Div) == Positive Ratio assert Nat.ReturnTypeof(Div) == Positive Ratio
``` ```
## 半群(一个二元运算的代数系统) ## SemiGroup(半群)
```python ```python
SemiGroup Op: Kind 2 = Op(Self, Self) SemiGroup Op: Kind 2 = Op(Self, Self)
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ IntIsSemiGroupAdd = Patch Int, Impl=SemiGroupAdd
Int <: SemiGroup Add Int <: SemiGroup Add
``` ```
## 函子 ## Functor(函子)
```python ```python
# * Identity law: x.map(id) == x # * Identity law: x.map(id) == x
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Functor = Trait {
} }
``` ```
## 应用 ## Applicative(应用)
```python ```python
# * Identity law: x.app(X.pure(id)) == x # * Identity law: x.app(X.pure(id)) == x
@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ Applicative = Subsume Functor, Additional: {
} }
``` ```
## 单子(交互式命令行工具以及面向对象的脚本技术) ## Monad(单子)
```python ```python
Monad = Subsume Applicative, Additional: { Monad = Subsume Applicative, Additional: {
.bind|T, U: Type| = (Self(T), T -> Self U) -> Self U .bind|T, U: Type| = (Self(T), T -> Self U) -> Self U
} }
``` ```

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# 迭代器 # 迭代器
[![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md%26commit_hash%3D51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md&commit_hash=51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258) [![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md%26commit_hash%3D14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
迭代器是用于检索容器元素的对象。 迭代器是用于检索容器元素的对象。

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doc/zh_CN/syntax/type/03_trait.md
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# 特质 # 特质
[![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/03_trait.md%26commit_hash%3D51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/03_trait.md&commit_hash=51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258) [![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/03_trait.md%26commit_hash%3D14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/03_trait.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
Trait 是一种名义类型，它将类型属性要求添加到记录类型。 Trait 是一种名义类型，它将类型属性要求添加到记录类型。
它类似于 Python 中的抽象基类 (ABC)，但区别在于能够执行代数运算。 它类似于 Python 中的抽象基类 (ABC)，但区别在于能够执行代数运算。

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# 类型变量，量化类型 # 类型变量，量化类型
[![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/15_quantified.md%26commit_hash%3D51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/15_quantified.md&commit_hash=51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258) [![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/15_quantified.md%26commit_hash%3D14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/15_quantified.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
类型变量是用于例如指定子程序参数类型的变量，它的类型是任意的(不是单态的)。 类型变量是用于例如指定子程序参数类型的变量，它的类型是任意的(不是单态的)。
首先，作为引入类型变量的动机，考虑 `id` 函数，它按原样返回输入。 首先，作为引入类型变量的动机，考虑 `id` 函数，它按原样返回输入。

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# Kind # Kind
[![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md%26commit_hash%3D06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352) [![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md%26commit_hash%3D14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
一切都在 Erg 中输入。类型本身也不例外。 __kind__ 表示“类型的类型”。例如，`Int` 属于 `Type`，就像 `1` 属于 `Int`。 `Type` 是最简单的一种，__atomic kind__。在类型论符号中，`Type` 对应于 `*`。 一切都在 Erg 中输入。类型本身也不例外。 __kind__ 表示“类型的类型”。例如，`Int` 属于 `Type`，就像 `1` 属于 `Int`。 `Type` 是最简单的一种，__atomic kind__。在类型论符号中，`Type` 对应于 `*`。

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# 結構 # 結構
[![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/API/modules/external/alstruct.md%26commit_hash%3D06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/modules/external/alstruct.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352) [![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/API/modules/external/alstruct.md%26commit_hash%3D14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/API/modules/external/alstruct.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
模塊為它們提供代表代數結構和補丁的特征 模塊為它們提供代表代數結構和補丁的特征
* 成員 * 成員
## 二進制運算 ## 二進制運算(BinOp)
```python ```python
BinOp Op: Kind 2 = Subsume Op(Self, Self.ReturnTypeOf Op), Additional: { BinOp Op: Kind 2 = Subsume Op(Self, Self.ReturnTypeOf Op), Additional: {
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ assert Nat. ReturnTypeof(Mul) == Nat
assert Nat.ReturnTypeof(Div) == Positive Ratio assert Nat.ReturnTypeof(Div) == Positive Ratio
``` ```
## 半群(一個二元運算的代數系統) ## 半群(SemiGroup)
```python ```python
SemiGroup Op: Kind 2 = Op(Self, Self) SemiGroup Op: Kind 2 = Op(Self, Self)
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ IntIsSemiGroupAdd = Patch Int, Impl=SemiGroupAdd
Int <: SemiGroup Add Int <: SemiGroup Add
``` ```
## 函子 ## 函子(Functor)
```python ```python
# * Identity law: x.map(id) == x # * Identity law: x.map(id) == x
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Functor = Trait {
} }
``` ```
## 應用 ## 應用(Applicative)
```python ```python
# * Identity law: x.app(X.pure(id)) == x # * Identity law: x.app(X.pure(id)) == x
@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ Applicative = Subsume Functor, Additional: {
} }
``` ```
## 單子(交互式命令行工具以及面向對象的腳本技術) ## 單子(Monad)
```python ```python
Monad = Subsume Applicative, Additional: { Monad = Subsume Applicative, Additional: {
.bind|T, U: Type| = (Self(T), T -> Self U) -> Self U .bind|T, U: Type| = (Self(T), T -> Self U) -> Self U
} }
``` ```

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# 迭代器 # 迭代器
[![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md%26commit_hash%3D51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md&commit_hash=51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258) [![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md%26commit_hash%3D14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/16_iterator.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
迭代器是用于檢索容器元素的對象。 迭代器是用于檢索容器元素的對象。

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# 特質 # 特質
[![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/03_trait.md%26commit_hash%3D51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/03_trait.md&commit_hash=51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258) [![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/03_trait.md%26commit_hash%3D14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/03_trait.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
Trait 是一種名義類型，它將類型屬性要求添加到記錄類型。 Trait 是一種名義類型，它將類型屬性要求添加到記錄類型。
它類似于 Python 中的抽象基類 (ABC)，但區別在于能夠執行代數運算。 它類似于 Python 中的抽象基類 (ABC)，但區別在于能夠執行代數運算。

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# 類型變量，量化類型 # 類型變量，量化類型
[![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/15_quantified.md%26commit_hash%3D51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/15_quantified.md&commit_hash=51de3c9d5a9074241f55c043b9951b384836b258) [![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/15_quantified.md%26commit_hash%3D14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/15_quantified.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
類型變量是用于例如指定子程序參數類型的變量，它的類型是任意的(不是單態的)。 類型變量是用于例如指定子程序參數類型的變量，它的類型是任意的(不是單態的)。
首先，作為引入類型變量的動機，考慮 `id` 函數，它按原樣返回輸入。 首先，作為引入類型變量的動機，考慮 `id` 函數，它按原樣返回輸入。

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# Kind # Kind
[![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md%26commit_hash%3D06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md&commit_hash=06f8edc9e2c0cee34f6396fd7c64ec834ffb5352) [![badge](https://img.shields.io/endpoint.svg?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com%2Fdefault%2Fsource_up_to_date%3Fowner%3Derg-lang%26repos%3Derg%26ref%3Dmain%26path%3Ddoc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md%26commit_hash%3D14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)](https://gezf7g7pd5.execute-api.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/default/source_up_to_date?owner=erg-lang&repos=erg&ref=main&path=doc/EN/syntax/type/advanced/kind.md&commit_hash=14657486719a134f494e107774ac8f9d5a63f083)
一切都在 Erg 中輸入。類型本身也不例外。 __kind__ 表示“類型的類型”。例如，`Int` 屬于 `Type`，就像 `1` 屬于 `Int`。 `Type` 是最簡單的一種，__atomic kind__。在類型論符號中，`Type` 對應于 `*`。 一切都在 Erg 中輸入。類型本身也不例外。 __kind__ 表示“類型的類型”。例如，`Int` 屬于 `Type`，就像 `1` 屬于 `Int`。 `Type` 是最簡單的一種，__atomic kind__。在類型論符號中，`Type` 對應于 `*`。