Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/trunk' into parse-to-edit-ast

compiler/build/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 pub mod link;
 pub mod program;

compiler/builtins/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 pub mod bitcode;
 pub mod std;

compiler/can/src/def.rs

@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ enum PendingDef<'a> {
     InvalidAlias,
 }
 
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 #[allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 pub enum Declaration {

compiler/can/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 pub mod annotation;
 pub mod builtins;

compiler/collections/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 
 pub mod all;

compiler/constrain/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 pub mod builtins;
 pub mod expr;

compiler/fmt/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 pub mod annotation;
 pub mod def;

compiler/gen/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 
 pub mod llvm;

compiler/gen/src/llvm/build.rs

@@ -3064,7 +3064,14 @@ fn run_low_level<'a, 'ctx, 'env>(
             let wrapper_struct = wrapper_struct.into_struct_value();
             let elem_index = load_symbol(env, scope, &args[1]).into_int_value();
 
-            list_get_unsafe(env, list_layout, elem_index, wrapper_struct)
+            list_get_unsafe(
+                env,
+                layout_ids,
+                parent,
+                list_layout,
+                elem_index,
+                wrapper_struct,
+            )
         }
         ListSetInPlace => {
             let (list_symbol, list_layout) = load_symbol_and_layout(env, scope, &args[0]);

compiler/gen/src/llvm/build_list.rs

@@ -553,6 +553,8 @@ pub fn list_reverse<'a, 'ctx, 'env>(
 
 pub fn list_get_unsafe<'a, 'ctx, 'env>(
     env: &Env<'a, 'ctx, 'env>,
+    layout_ids: &mut LayoutIds<'a>,
+    parent: FunctionValue<'ctx>,
     list_layout: &Layout<'a>,
     elem_index: IntValue<'ctx>,
     wrapper_struct: StructValue<'ctx>,
@@ -572,7 +574,11 @@ pub fn list_get_unsafe<'a, 'ctx, 'env>(
             let elem_ptr =
                 unsafe { builder.build_in_bounds_gep(array_data_ptr, &[elem_index], "elem") };
 
-            builder.build_load(elem_ptr, "List.get")
+            let result = builder.build_load(elem_ptr, "List.get");
+
+            increment_refcount_layout(env, parent, layout_ids, result, elem_layout);
+
+            result
         }
         _ => {
             unreachable!(

compiler/gen_dev/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 
 use bumpalo::{collections::Vec, Bump};

compiler/load/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 pub mod docs;
 pub mod effect_module;

compiler/module/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 
 pub mod ident;

compiler/mono/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 
 pub mod borrow;

compiler/parse/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 
 #[macro_use]

compiler/problem/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,4 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 pub mod can;

compiler/region/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 
 pub mod all;

compiler/reporting/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 
 pub mod error;

compiler/solve/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 
 pub mod module;

compiler/types/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 pub mod boolean_algebra;
 pub mod builtin_aliases;

compiler/unify/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 
 pub mod unify;

compiler/uniq/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data struture memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 
 pub use roc_can::expr::Expr::*;

editor/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
 #![warn(clippy::all, clippy::dbg_macro)]
-// I'm skeptical that clippy:large_enum_variant is a good lint to have globally enabled.
+// See github.com/rtfeldman/roc/issues/800 for discussion of the large_enum_variant check.
-//
-// It warns about a performance problem where the only quick remediation is
-// to allocate more on the heap, which has lots of tradeoffs - including making it
-// long-term unclear which allocations *need* to happen for compilation's sake
-// (e.g. recursive structures) versus those which were only added to appease clippy.
-//
-// Effectively optimizing data structure memory layout isn't a quick fix,
-// and encouraging shortcuts here creates bad incentives. I would rather temporarily
-// re-enable this when working on performance optimizations than have it block PRs.
 #![allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 
 // Inspired by:
@@ -20,12 +11,10 @@
 use crate::buffer::create_rect_buffers;
 use crate::text::{build_glyph_brush, Text};
 use crate::vertex::Vertex;
-use cgmath::Ortho;
+use ortho::{init_ortho, update_ortho_buffer, OrthoResources};
 use std::error::Error;
 use std::io;
 use std::path::Path;
-use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
-use wgpu::{BindGroup, BindGroupLayoutDescriptor, BindGroupLayoutEntry, Buffer, ShaderStage};
 use winit::event;
 use winit::event::{Event, ModifiersState};
 use winit::event_loop::ControlFlow;
@@ -35,6 +24,7 @@ mod buffer;
 pub mod expr;
 pub mod file;
 mod keyboard_input;
+mod ortho;
 pub mod pool;
 mod rect;
 pub mod text;
@@ -51,31 +41,6 @@ pub fn launch(_filepaths: &[&Path]) -> io::Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, bytemuck::Pod, bytemuck::Zeroable)]
-struct Uniforms {
-    // We can't use cgmath with bytemuck directly so we'll have
-    // to convert the Matrix4 into a 4x4 f32 array
-    ortho: [[f32; 4]; 4],
-}
-
-impl Uniforms {
-    fn new(w: u32, h: u32) -> Self {
-        let ortho: cgmath::Matrix4<f32> = Ortho::<f32> {
-            left: 0.0,
-            right: w as f32,
-            bottom: h as f32,
-            top: 0.0,
-            near: -1.0,
-            far: 1.0,
-        }
-        .into();
-        Self {
-            ortho: ortho.into(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 fn run_event_loop() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
     env_logger::init();
 
@@ -133,8 +98,7 @@ fn run_event_loop() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
 
     let mut swap_chain = gpu_device.create_swap_chain(&surface, &swap_chain_descr);
 
-    let (rect_pipeline, ortho_bind_group, ortho_buffer) =
+    let (rect_pipeline, ortho) = make_rect_pipeline(&gpu_device, &swap_chain_descr);
-        make_rect_pipeline(&gpu_device, &swap_chain_descr);
 
     let mut glyph_brush = build_glyph_brush(&gpu_device, render_format)?;
 
@@ -179,33 +143,13 @@ fn run_event_loop() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
                     },
                 );
 
-                // update orthographic buffer according to new window size
+                update_ortho_buffer(
-                let new_uniforms = Uniforms::new(size.width, size.height);
+                    size.width,
-
+                    size.height,
-                let new_ortho_buffer =
+                    &gpu_device,
-                    gpu_device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
+                    &ortho.buffer,
-                        label: Some("Ortho uniform buffer"),
+                    &cmd_queue,
-                        contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&[new_uniforms]),
-                        usage: wgpu::BufferUsage::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_SRC,
-                    });
-
-                // get a command encoder for the current frame
-                let mut encoder =
-                    gpu_device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
-                        label: Some("Resize"),
-                    });
-
-                // overwrite the new buffer over the old one
-                encoder.copy_buffer_to_buffer(
-                    &new_ortho_buffer,
-                    0,
-                    &ortho_buffer,
-                    0,
-                    (std::mem::size_of::<Uniforms>() * vec![new_uniforms].as_slice().len())
-                        as wgpu::BufferAddress,
                 );
-
-                cmd_queue.submit(Some(encoder.finish()));
             }
             //Received Character
             Event::WindowEvent {
@@ -260,7 +204,7 @@ fn run_event_loop() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
 
                 if rect_buffers.num_rects > 0 {
                     render_pass.set_pipeline(&rect_pipeline);
-                    render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &ortho_bind_group, &[]);
+                    render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &ortho.bind_group, &[]);
                     render_pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, rect_buffers.vertex_buffer.slice(..));
                     render_pass.set_index_buffer(rect_buffers.index_buffer.slice(..));
                     render_pass.draw_indexed(0..rect_buffers.num_rects, 0, 0..1);
@@ -300,41 +244,11 @@ fn run_event_loop() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
 fn make_rect_pipeline(
     gpu_device: &wgpu::Device,
     swap_chain_descr: &wgpu::SwapChainDescriptor,
-) -> (wgpu::RenderPipeline, BindGroup, Buffer) {
+) -> (wgpu::RenderPipeline, OrthoResources) {
-    let uniforms = Uniforms::new(swap_chain_descr.width, swap_chain_descr.height);
+    let ortho = init_ortho(swap_chain_descr.width, swap_chain_descr.height, gpu_device);
-
-    // orthographic projection is used to transfrom pixel coords to the coordinate system used by wgpu
-    let ortho_buffer = gpu_device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
-        label: Some("Ortho uniform buffer"),
-        contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&[uniforms]),
-        usage: wgpu::BufferUsage::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_DST,
-    });
-
-    // bind groups consist of extra resources that are provided to the shaders
-    let ortho_bind_group_layout = gpu_device.create_bind_group_layout(&BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
-        entries: &[BindGroupLayoutEntry {
-            binding: 0,
-            visibility: ShaderStage::VERTEX,
-            ty: wgpu::BindingType::UniformBuffer {
-                dynamic: false,
-                min_binding_size: None,
-            },
-            count: None,
-        }],
-        label: Some("Ortho bind group layout"),
-    });
-
-    let ortho_bind_group = gpu_device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
-        layout: &ortho_bind_group_layout,
-        entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
-            binding: 0,
-            resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer(ortho_buffer.slice(..)),
-        }],
-        label: Some("Ortho bind group"),
-    });
 
     let pipeline_layout = gpu_device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
-        bind_group_layouts: &[&ortho_bind_group_layout],
+        bind_group_layouts: &[&ortho.bind_group_layout],
         push_constant_ranges: &[],
         label: Some("Rectangle pipeline layout"),
     });
@@ -347,7 +261,7 @@ fn make_rect_pipeline(
         wgpu::include_spirv!("shaders/rect.frag.spv"),
     );
 
-    (pipeline, ortho_bind_group, ortho_buffer)
+    (pipeline, ortho)
 }
 
 fn create_render_pipeline(

editor/src/ortho.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+use cgmath::{Matrix4, Ortho};
+use wgpu::util::DeviceExt;
+use wgpu::{
+    BindGroup, BindGroupLayout, BindGroupLayoutDescriptor, BindGroupLayoutEntry, Buffer,
+    ShaderStage,
+};
+
+// orthographic projection is used to transfrom pixel coords to the coordinate system used by wgpu
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, bytemuck::Pod, bytemuck::Zeroable)]
+struct Uniforms {
+    // We can't use cgmath with bytemuck directly so we'll have
+    // to convert the Matrix4 into a 4x4 f32 array
+    ortho: [[f32; 4]; 4],
+}
+
+impl Uniforms {
+    fn new(w: u32, h: u32) -> Self {
+        let ortho: Matrix4<f32> = Ortho::<f32> {
+            left: 0.0,
+            right: w as f32,
+            bottom: h as f32,
+            top: 0.0,
+            near: -1.0,
+            far: 1.0,
+        }
+        .into();
+        Self {
+            ortho: ortho.into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// update orthographic buffer according to new window size
+pub fn update_ortho_buffer(
+    inner_width: u32,
+    inner_height: u32,
+    gpu_device: &wgpu::Device,
+    ortho_buffer: &Buffer,
+    cmd_queue: &wgpu::Queue,
+) {
+    let new_uniforms = Uniforms::new(inner_width, inner_height);
+
+    let new_ortho_buffer = gpu_device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
+        label: Some("Ortho uniform buffer"),
+        contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&[new_uniforms]),
+        usage: wgpu::BufferUsage::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_SRC,
+    });
+
+    // get a command encoder for the current frame
+    let mut encoder = gpu_device.create_command_encoder(&wgpu::CommandEncoderDescriptor {
+        label: Some("Resize"),
+    });
+
+    // overwrite the new buffer over the old one
+    encoder.copy_buffer_to_buffer(
+        &new_ortho_buffer,
+        0,
+        ortho_buffer,
+        0,
+        (std::mem::size_of::<Uniforms>() * vec![new_uniforms].as_slice().len())
+            as wgpu::BufferAddress,
+    );
+
+    cmd_queue.submit(Some(encoder.finish()));
+}
+
+pub struct OrthoResources {
+    pub buffer: Buffer,
+    pub bind_group_layout: BindGroupLayout,
+    pub bind_group: BindGroup,
+}
+
+pub fn init_ortho(
+    inner_width: u32,
+    inner_height: u32,
+    gpu_device: &wgpu::Device,
+) -> OrthoResources {
+    let uniforms = Uniforms::new(inner_width, inner_height);
+
+    let ortho_buffer = gpu_device.create_buffer_init(&wgpu::util::BufferInitDescriptor {
+        label: Some("Ortho uniform buffer"),
+        contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(&[uniforms]),
+        usage: wgpu::BufferUsage::UNIFORM | wgpu::BufferUsage::COPY_DST,
+    });
+
+    // bind groups consist of extra resources that are provided to the shaders
+    let ortho_bind_group_layout = gpu_device.create_bind_group_layout(&BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
+        entries: &[BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+            binding: 0,
+            visibility: ShaderStage::VERTEX,
+            ty: wgpu::BindingType::UniformBuffer {
+                dynamic: false,
+                min_binding_size: None,
+            },
+            count: None,
+        }],
+        label: Some("Ortho bind group layout"),
+    });
+
+    let ortho_bind_group = gpu_device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+        layout: &ortho_bind_group_layout,
+        entries: &[wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+            binding: 0,
+            resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer(ortho_buffer.slice(..)),
+        }],
+        label: Some("Ortho bind group"),
+    });
+
+    OrthoResources {
+        buffer: ortho_buffer,
+        bind_group_layout: ortho_bind_group_layout,
+        bind_group: ortho_bind_group,
+    }
+}

examples/effect/thing/platform-dir/src/lib.rs

@@ -14,10 +14,18 @@ extern "C" {
     fn roc_main_size() -> i64;
 
     #[link_name = "roc__mainForHost_1_Fx_caller"]
-    fn call_Fx(function_pointer: *const u8, closure_data: *const u8, output: *mut u8) -> ();
+    fn call_Fx(
+        flags: &(),
+        function_pointer: *const u8,
+        closure_data: *const u8,
+        output: *mut u8,
+    ) -> ();
 
     #[link_name = "roc__mainForHost_1_Fx_size"]
     fn size_Fx() -> i64;
+
+    #[link_name = "roc__mainForHost_1_Fx_result_size"]
+    fn size_Fx_result() -> i64;
 }
 
 #[no_mangle]
@@ -48,13 +56,14 @@ pub fn roc_fx_getLine() -> RocStr {
 }
 
 unsafe fn call_the_closure(function_pointer: *const u8, closure_data_ptr: *const u8) -> i64 {
-    let size = size_Fx() as usize;
+    let size = size_Fx_result() as usize;
 
     alloca::with_stack_bytes(size, |buffer| {
         let buffer: *mut std::ffi::c_void = buffer;
         let buffer: *mut u8 = buffer as *mut u8;
 
         call_Fx(
+            &(),
             function_pointer,
             closure_data_ptr as *const u8,
             buffer as *mut u8,

examples/task/platform/host.zig

@@ -10,8 +10,11 @@ const Allocator = mem.Allocator;
 
 extern fn roc__mainForHost_1_exposed([*]u8) void;
 extern fn roc__mainForHost_1_size() i64;
-extern fn roc__mainForHost_1_Fx_caller(*const u8, [*]u8, [*]u8) void;
+extern fn roc__mainForHost_1_Fx_caller(*const u8, *const u8, [*]u8, [*]u8) void;
 extern fn roc__mainForHost_1_Fx_size() i64;
+extern fn roc__mainForHost_1_Fx_result_size() i64;
+
+const Unit = extern struct {};
 
 pub export fn main() u8 {
     const stdout = std.io.getStdOut().writer();
@@ -44,7 +47,7 @@ pub export fn main() u8 {
 }
 
 fn call_the_closure(function_pointer: *const u8, closure_data_pointer: [*]u8) void {
-    const size = roc__mainForHost_1_Fx_size();
+    const size = roc__mainForHost_1_Fx_result_size();
     const raw_output = std.heap.c_allocator.alloc(u8, @intCast(usize, size)) catch unreachable;
     var output = @ptrCast([*]u8, raw_output);
 
@@ -52,7 +55,9 @@ fn call_the_closure(function_pointer: *const u8, closure_data_pointer: [*]u8) vo
         std.heap.c_allocator.free(raw_output);
     }
 
-    roc__mainForHost_1_Fx_caller(function_pointer, closure_data_pointer, output);
+    const flags: u8 = 0;
+
+    roc__mainForHost_1_Fx_caller(&flags, function_pointer, closure_data_pointer, output);
 
     const elements = @ptrCast([*]u64, @alignCast(8, output));
 

examples/tea/platform/Pkg-Config.roc

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ platform folkertdev/foo
 
 mainForHost : 
     {
-        init : ({} -> { model: I64, cmd : (Cmd.Cmd [ Line Str ]) as Fx }) as Init,
+        init : ({} -> { model: I64 as Model, cmd : (Cmd.Cmd [ Line Str ]) as Fx }) as Init,
         update : ([ Line Str ], I64 -> { model: I64, cmd : Cmd.Cmd [ Line Str ] } ) as Update
     }
 mainForHost = main 

examples/tea/platform/src/lib.rs

@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ use roc_std::RocStr;
 use std::alloc::Layout;
 use std::time::SystemTime;
 
-type Msg = RocStr;
+type Model = *const u8;
-type Model = i64;
 
 extern "C" {
     #[link_name = "roc__mainForHost_1_exposed"]
@@ -32,8 +31,8 @@ extern "C" {
 
     #[link_name = "roc__mainForHost_1_Update_caller"]
     fn call_Update(
-        msg: &Msg,
+        msg: Msg,
-        model: &Model,
+        model: Model,
         function_pointer: *const u8,
         closure_data: *const u8,
         output: *mut u8,
@@ -84,9 +83,7 @@ pub fn roc_fx_putChar(foo: i64) -> () {
 
 #[no_mangle]
 pub fn roc_fx_putLine(line: RocStr) -> () {
-    let bytes = line.as_slice();
+    println!("{}", unsafe { line.as_str() });
-    let string = unsafe { std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(bytes) };
-    println!("{}", string);
 
     ()
 }
@@ -104,9 +101,8 @@ pub fn roc_fx_getLine() -> RocStr {
 unsafe fn run_fx(function_pointer: *const u8, closure_data_ptr: *const u8) -> Msg {
     let size = size_Fx_result() as usize;
 
-    alloca::with_stack_bytes(size, |buffer| {
+    let layout = Layout::array::<u8>(size).unwrap();
-        let buffer: *mut std::ffi::c_void = buffer;
+    let buffer = std::alloc::alloc(layout);
-        let buffer: *mut u8 = buffer as *mut u8;
 
     call_Fx(
         function_pointer,
@@ -117,24 +113,82 @@ unsafe fn run_fx(function_pointer: *const u8, closure_data_ptr: *const u8) -> Ms
     let output = &*(buffer as *mut RocCallResult<()>);
 
     match output.into() {
-            Ok(()) => {
+        Ok(()) => Msg { msg: buffer.add(8) },
-                let mut bytes = *(buffer.add(8) as *const (u64, u64));
-                let msg = std::mem::transmute::<(u64, u64), RocStr>(bytes);
-
-                msg
-            }
 
         Err(e) => panic!("failed with {}", e),
     }
-    })
 }
 
-unsafe fn run_init(function_pointer: *const u8, closure_data_ptr: *const u8) -> (Model, Msg) {
+struct Msg {
+    msg: *mut u8,
+}
+
+impl Msg {
+    unsafe fn alloc(size: usize) -> Self {
+        let size = size_Fx_result() as usize;
+        let layout = Layout::array::<u8>(size).unwrap();
+        let msg = std::alloc::alloc(layout);
+
+        Self { msg }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Msg {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            let size = size_Fx_result() as usize;
+            let layout = Layout::array::<u8>(size).unwrap();
+            std::alloc::dealloc(self.msg.offset(-8), layout);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct ModelCmd {
+    buffer: *mut u8,
+    cmd_fn_ptr_ptr: *const u8,
+    cmd_closure_data_ptr: *const u8,
+    model: *const u8,
+}
+
+impl ModelCmd {
+    unsafe fn alloc() -> Self {
+        let size = 8 + size_Fx() as usize + size_Model() as usize;
+
+        let layout = Layout::array::<u8>(size).unwrap();
+        let buffer = std::alloc::alloc(layout);
+
+        let cmd_fn_ptr_ptr = buffer.add(8);
+        let cmd_closure_data_ptr = buffer.add(8 + 8);
+        let model = buffer.add(8 + size_Fx() as usize);
+
+        Self {
+            buffer,
+            cmd_fn_ptr_ptr,
+            cmd_closure_data_ptr,
+            model,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for ModelCmd {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            let size = 8 + size_Fx() as usize + size_Model() as usize;
+            let layout = Layout::array::<u8>(size).unwrap();
+            std::alloc::dealloc(self.buffer, layout);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe fn run_init(
+    function_pointer: *const u8,
+    closure_data_ptr: *const u8,
+) -> Result<ModelCmd, String> {
+    debug_assert_eq!(size_Init_result(), 8 + size_Fx() + size_Model());
     let size = size_Init_result() as usize;
 
-    alloca::with_stack_bytes(size, |buffer| {
+    let model_cmd = ModelCmd::alloc();
-        let buffer: *mut std::ffi::c_void = buffer;
+    let buffer = model_cmd.buffer;
-        let buffer: *mut u8 = buffer as *mut u8;
 
     call_Init(function_pointer, 0 as *const u8, buffer as *mut u8);
 
@@ -142,42 +196,26 @@ unsafe fn run_init(function_pointer: *const u8, closure_data_ptr: *const u8) ->
     let output = &*(buffer as *mut RocCallResult<()>);
 
     match output.into() {
-            Ok(_) => {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(model_cmd),
-                let offset = 8 + size_Fx();
+        Err(e) => Err(e.to_string()),
-                let model_ptr = buffer.add(offset as usize);
-                let model: i64 = *(model_ptr as *const i64);
-
-                let cmd_fn_ptr_ptr = buffer.add(8) as *const i64;
-                let cmd_fn_ptr = (*cmd_fn_ptr_ptr) as *const u8;
-                let cmd_closure_data_ptr = buffer.add(16);
-
-                let msg = run_fx(cmd_fn_ptr, cmd_closure_data_ptr);
-
-                (model, msg)
     }
-
-            Err(e) => panic!("failed with {}", e),
-        }
-    })
 }
 
 unsafe fn run_update(
-    msg: RocStr,
+    msg: Msg,
     model: Model,
     function_pointer: *const u8,
     closure_data_ptr: *const u8,
-) -> (Model, Msg) {
+) -> Result<ModelCmd, String> {
+    debug_assert_eq!(size_Update_result(), 8 + size_Fx() + size_Model());
     let size = size_Update_result() as usize;
 
-    alloca::with_stack_bytes(size, |buffer| {
+    let model_cmd = ModelCmd::alloc();
-        let buffer: *mut std::ffi::c_void = buffer;
+    let buffer = model_cmd.buffer;
-        let buffer: *mut u8 = buffer as *mut u8;
-
-        println!("let's try update!");
 
     call_Update(
-            &msg,
+        msg,
-            &model,
+        model,
         function_pointer,
         closure_data_ptr,
         buffer as *mut u8,
@@ -187,32 +225,15 @@ unsafe fn run_update(
     let output = &*(buffer as *mut RocCallResult<()>);
 
     match output.into() {
-            Ok(_) => {
+        Ok(_) => Ok(model_cmd),
-                let offset = 8 + size_Fx();
+        Err(e) => Err(e.to_string()),
-                let model_ptr = buffer.add(offset as usize);
+    }
-                let model: i64 = *(model_ptr as *const i64);
-
-                let cmd_fn_ptr_ptr = buffer.add(8) as *const i64;
-                let cmd_fn_ptr = (*cmd_fn_ptr_ptr) as *const u8;
-                let cmd_closure_data_ptr = buffer.add(16);
-
-                let msg = run_fx(cmd_fn_ptr, cmd_closure_data_ptr);
-
-                (model, msg)
 }
 
-            Err(e) => panic!("failed with {}", e),
+fn run_roc() -> Result<(), String> {
-        }
-    })
-}
-
-#[no_mangle]
-pub fn rust_main() -> isize {
-    let start_time = SystemTime::now();
-
     let size = unsafe { roc_main_size() } as usize;
     let layout = Layout::array::<u8>(size).unwrap();
-    let answer = unsafe {
+    unsafe {
         let buffer = std::alloc::alloc(layout);
 
         roc_main(buffer);
@@ -224,98 +245,59 @@ pub fn rust_main() -> isize {
                 //let closure_data_ptr = buffer.offset(16);
                 let closure_data_ptr = 0 as *const u8;
 
-                let (mut model, mut msg) =
+                let model_cmd =
-                    run_init(init_fn_ptr as *const u8, closure_data_ptr as *const u8);
+                    &mut run_init(init_fn_ptr as *const u8, closure_data_ptr as *const u8).unwrap();
 
                 for _ in 0..5 {
-                    let result = run_update(
+                    let model = model_cmd.model;
+                    let cmd_fn_ptr = *(model_cmd.cmd_fn_ptr_ptr as *const usize) as *const u8;
+                    let msg = run_fx(cmd_fn_ptr, model_cmd.cmd_closure_data_ptr);
+
+                    let mut result = run_update(
                         msg,
                         model,
                         update_fn_ptr as *const u8,
                         closure_data_ptr as *const u8,
-                    );
+                    )
+                    .unwrap();
 
-                    model = result.0;
+                    std::mem::swap(model_cmd, &mut result);
-                    msg = result.1;
+
+                    // implictly drops `result` and `msg`
                 }
 
                 std::alloc::dealloc(buffer, layout);
-
+                Ok(())
-                model
             }
             Err(msg) => {
                 std::alloc::dealloc(buffer, layout);
 
-                panic!("Roc failed with message: {}", msg);
+                Err(msg.to_string())
+            }
         }
     }
-    };
-    let end_time = SystemTime::now();
-    let duration = end_time.duration_since(start_time).unwrap();
-
-    println!(
-        "Roc closure took {:.4} ms to compute this answer: {:?}",
-        duration.as_secs_f64() * 1000.0,
-        // truncate the answer, so stdout is not swamped
-        answer
-    );
-
-    // Exit code
-    0
 }
 
-/*
 #[no_mangle]
-pub fn old_rust_main() -> isize {
+pub fn rust_main() -> isize {
-    println!("Running Roc closure");
     let start_time = SystemTime::now();
 
-    let size = unsafe { roc_main_size() } as usize;
-    let layout = Layout::array::<u8>(size).unwrap();
-    let answer = unsafe {
-        let buffer = std::alloc::alloc(layout);
-
-        roc_main(buffer);
-
-        let output = &*(buffer as *mut RocCallResult<()>);
-
-        match output.into() {
-            Ok(()) => {
-                let function_pointer = {
-                    // this is a pointer to the location where the function pointer is stored
-                    // we pass just the function pointer
-                    let temp = buffer.offset(8) as *const i64;
-
-                    (*temp) as *const u8
-                };
-
-                let closure_data_ptr = buffer.offset(16);
-
-                let result =
-                    call_the_closure(function_pointer as *const u8, closure_data_ptr as *const u8);
-
-                std::alloc::dealloc(buffer, layout);
-
-                result
-            }
-            Err(msg) => {
-                std::alloc::dealloc(buffer, layout);
-
-                panic!("Roc failed with message: {}", msg);
-            }
-        }
-    };
     let end_time = SystemTime::now();
     let duration = end_time.duration_since(start_time).unwrap();
 
+    match run_roc() {
+        Ok(answer) => {
             println!(
                 "Roc closure took {:.4} ms to compute this answer: {:?}",
                 duration.as_secs_f64() * 1000.0,
-        // truncate the answer, so stdout is not swamped
                 answer
             );
+        }
+        Err(e) => {
+            eprintln!("Roc failed with message {:?}", e);
+        }
+    }
 
     // Exit code
     0
 }
-*/

roc_std/src/lib.rs

@@ -390,6 +390,12 @@ impl RocStr {
             unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts(self.elements, self.length) }
         }
     }
+    #[allow(clippy::missing_safety_doc)]
+    pub unsafe fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+        let slice = self.as_slice();
+
+        core::str::from_utf8_unchecked(slice)
+    }
 }
 
 impl From<&str> for RocStr {