diff --git a/src/check/Check.zig b/src/check/Check.zig
index 961b9c2580..dcd4fafd9e 100644
--- a/src/check/Check.zig
+++ b/src/check/Check.zig
@@ -4157,7 +4157,7 @@ fn checkBinopExpr(
             // num, otherwise the propgate error
             _ = try self.unify(expr_var, lhs_var, env);
         },
-        .lt, .gt, .le, .ge, .eq, .ne => {
+        .lt, .gt, .le, .ge => {
             // Ensure the operands are the same type
             const result = try self.unify(lhs_var, rhs_var, env);
 
@@ -4168,6 +4168,54 @@ fn checkBinopExpr(
                 try self.unifyWith(expr_var, .err, env);
             }
         },
+        .eq, .ne => {
+            // For == and !=, we need to check if the type implements is_eq/is_ne
+            // Create a static dispatch constraint for the is_eq/is_ne method
+
+            // Ensure the operands are the same type
+            const lhs_rhs_result = try self.unify(lhs_var, rhs_var, env);
+            if (lhs_rhs_result.isProblem()) {
+                try self.unifyWith(expr_var, .err, env);
+            } else {
+                // Get the appropriate method name
+                const method_name = if (binop.op == .eq) self.cir.is_eq_ident else self.cir.is_ne_ident;
+
+                // Create the function type: lhs_type, rhs_type -> Bool
+                const args_range = try self.types.appendVars(&.{ lhs_var, rhs_var });
+
+                // The return type is Bool
+                const ret_var = try self.freshBool(env, expr_region);
+
+                // Create the constraint function type
+                const constraint_fn_var = try self.freshFromContent(.{ .structure = .{ .fn_unbound = Func{
+                    .args = args_range,
+                    .ret = ret_var,
+                    .needs_instantiation = false,
+                } } }, env, expr_region);
+                try env.var_pool.addVarToRank(constraint_fn_var, env.rank());
+
+                // Create the static dispatch constraint
+                const constraint = StaticDispatchConstraint{
+                    .fn_name = method_name,
+                    .fn_var = constraint_fn_var,
+                    .origin = .desugared_binop,
+                };
+                const constraint_range = try self.types.appendStaticDispatchConstraints(&.{constraint});
+
+                // Create a constrained flex and unify it with the lhs (receiver)
+                const constrained_var = try self.freshFromContent(
+                    .{ .flex = Flex{ .name = null, .constraints = constraint_range } },
+                    env,
+                    expr_region,
+                );
+                try env.var_pool.addVarToRank(constrained_var, env.rank());
+
+                _ = try self.unify(constrained_var, lhs_var, env);
+
+                // Set the expression to redirect to the return type (Bool)
+                _ = try self.unify(expr_var, ret_var, env);
+            }
+        },
         .@"and" => {
             const lhs_fresh_bool = try self.freshBool(env, expr_region);
             const lhs_result = try self.unify(lhs_fresh_bool, lhs_var, env);
@@ -4738,8 +4786,51 @@ fn checkDeferredStaticDispatchConstraints(self: *Self, env: *Env) std.mem.Alloca
                     );
                 }
             }
+        } else if (dispatcher_content == .structure and
+            (dispatcher_content.structure == .record or
+                dispatcher_content.structure == .tuple or
+                dispatcher_content.structure == .tag_union or
+                dispatcher_content.structure == .empty_record or
+                dispatcher_content.structure == .empty_tag_union))
+        {
+            // Anonymous structural types (records, tuples, tag unions) have implicit is_eq
+            // only if all their components also support is_eq
+            const constraints = self.types.sliceStaticDispatchConstraints(deferred_constraint.constraints);
+            for (constraints) |constraint| {
+                const constraint_fn_name_bytes = self.cir.getIdent(constraint.fn_name);
+
+                // Check if this is a call to is_eq (anonymous types have implicit structural equality)
+                if (std.mem.eql(u8, constraint_fn_name_bytes, "is_eq")) {
+                    // Check if all components of this anonymous type support is_eq
+                    if (self.typeSupportsIsEq(dispatcher_content.structure)) {
+                        // All components support is_eq, unify return type with Bool
+                        const resolved_constraint = self.types.resolveVar(constraint.fn_var);
+                        const mb_resolved_func = resolved_constraint.desc.content.unwrapFunc();
+                        if (mb_resolved_func) |resolved_func| {
+                            const region = self.getRegionAt(deferred_constraint.var_);
+                            const bool_var = try self.freshBool(env, region);
+                            _ = try self.unify(bool_var, resolved_func.ret, env);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // Some component doesn't support is_eq (e.g., contains a function)
+                        try self.reportEqualityError(
+                            deferred_constraint.var_,
+                            constraint,
+                            env,
+                        );
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // Other methods are not supported on anonymous types
+                    try self.reportConstraintError(
+                        deferred_constraint.var_,
+                        constraint,
+                        .not_nominal,
+                        env,
+                    );
+                }
+            }
         } else {
-            // If the root type is anything but a nominal type, push an error
+            // If the root type is anything but a nominal type or anonymous structural type, push an error
 
             const constraints = self.types.sliceStaticDispatchConstraints(deferred_constraint.constraints);
             if (constraints.len > 0) {
@@ -4761,6 +4852,75 @@ fn checkDeferredStaticDispatchConstraints(self: *Self, env: *Env) std.mem.Alloca
     env.deferred_static_dispatch_constraints.items.clearRetainingCapacity();
 }
 
+/// Check if a structural type supports is_eq.
+/// A type supports is_eq if:
+/// - It's not a function type
+/// - All of its components (record fields, tuple elements, tag payloads) also support is_eq
+/// - For nominal types, we assume they support is_eq (TODO: actually check for is_eq method)
+fn typeSupportsIsEq(self: *Self, flat_type: types_mod.FlatType) bool {
+    return switch (flat_type) {
+        // Function types do not support is_eq
+        .fn_pure, .fn_effectful, .fn_unbound => false,
+
+        // Empty types trivially support is_eq
+        .empty_record, .empty_tag_union => true,
+
+        // Records support is_eq if all field types support is_eq
+        .record => |record| {
+            const fields_slice = self.types.getRecordFieldsSlice(record.fields);
+            for (fields_slice.items(.var_)) |field_var| {
+                if (!self.varSupportsIsEq(field_var)) return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        },
+
+        // Tuples support is_eq if all element types support is_eq
+        .tuple => |tuple| {
+            const elems = self.types.sliceVars(tuple.elems);
+            for (elems) |elem_var| {
+                if (!self.varSupportsIsEq(elem_var)) return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        },
+
+        // Tag unions support is_eq if all payload types support is_eq
+        .tag_union => |tag_union| {
+            const tags_slice = self.types.getTagsSlice(tag_union.tags);
+            for (tags_slice.items(.args)) |tag_args| {
+                const args = self.types.sliceVars(tag_args);
+                for (args) |arg_var| {
+                    if (!self.varSupportsIsEq(arg_var)) return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        },
+
+        // Nominal types: TODO: actually check if they have an is_eq method
+        // For now, assume they do (numbers, Bool, Str, etc. all have is_eq)
+        .nominal_type => true,
+
+        // Unbound records need to be resolved first
+        .record_unbound => true, // TODO: check resolved type
+    };
+}
+
+/// Check if a type variable supports is_eq by resolving it and checking its content
+fn varSupportsIsEq(self: *Self, var_: Var) bool {
+    const resolved = self.types.resolveVar(var_);
+    return switch (resolved.desc.content) {
+        .structure => |s| self.typeSupportsIsEq(s),
+        // Flex/rigid vars could be anything, assume they support is_eq for now
+        // (the actual constraint will be checked when the type is known)
+        .flex, .rigid => true,
+        // Aliases: check the underlying type
+        .alias => |alias| self.varSupportsIsEq(self.types.getAliasBackingVar(alias)),
+        // Recursion vars: assume they support is_eq (recursive types like List are ok)
+        .recursion_var => true,
+        // Error types: allow them to proceed
+        .err => true,
+    };
+}
+
 /// Mark a constraint function's return type as error
 fn markConstraintFunctionAsError(self: *Self, constraint: StaticDispatchConstraint, env: *Env) !void {
     const resolved_constraint = self.types.resolveVar(constraint.fn_var);
@@ -4807,6 +4967,26 @@ fn reportConstraintError(
     try self.markConstraintFunctionAsError(constraint, env);
 }
 
+/// Report an error when an anonymous type doesn't support equality
+fn reportEqualityError(
+    self: *Self,
+    dispatcher_var: Var,
+    constraint: StaticDispatchConstraint,
+    env: *Env,
+) !void {
+    const snapshot = try self.snapshots.deepCopyVar(self.types, dispatcher_var);
+    const equality_problem = problem.Problem{ .static_dispach = .{
+        .type_does_not_support_equality = .{
+            .dispatcher_var = dispatcher_var,
+            .dispatcher_snapshot = snapshot,
+            .fn_var = constraint.fn_var,
+        },
+    } };
+    _ = try self.problems.appendProblem(self.cir.gpa, equality_problem);
+
+    try self.markConstraintFunctionAsError(constraint, env);
+}
+
 /// Pool for reusing Env instances to avoid repeated allocations
 const EnvPool = struct {
     available: std.ArrayList(Env),
diff --git a/src/check/problem.zig b/src/check/problem.zig
index a947550bc7..e9e55d7901 100644
--- a/src/check/problem.zig
+++ b/src/check/problem.zig
@@ -217,6 +217,7 @@ pub const InvalidBoolBinop = struct {
 pub const StaticDispatch = union(enum) {
     dispatcher_not_nominal: DispatcherNotNominal,
     dispatcher_does_not_impl_method: DispatcherDoesNotImplMethod,
+    type_does_not_support_equality: TypeDoesNotSupportEquality,
 };
 
 /// Error when you try to static dispatch on something that's not a nominal type
@@ -240,6 +241,14 @@ pub const DispatcherDoesNotImplMethod = struct {
     pub const DispatcherType = enum { nominal, rigid };
 };
 
+/// Error when an anonymous type (record, tuple, tag union) doesn't support equality
+/// because one or more of its components contain types that don't have is_eq
+pub const TypeDoesNotSupportEquality = struct {
+    dispatcher_var: Var,
+    dispatcher_snapshot: SnapshotContentIdx,
+    fn_var: Var,
+};
+
 // bug //
 
 /// Error when you try to apply the wrong number of arguments to a type in
@@ -367,6 +376,7 @@ pub const ReportBuilder = struct {
                 switch (detail) {
                     .dispatcher_not_nominal => |data| return self.buildStaticDispatchDispatcherNotNominal(data),
                     .dispatcher_does_not_impl_method => |data| return self.buildStaticDispatchDispatcherDoesNotImplMethod(data),
+                    .type_does_not_support_equality => |data| return self.buildTypeDoesNotSupportEquality(data),
                 }
             },
             .number_does_not_fit => |data| {
@@ -1768,6 +1778,288 @@ pub const ReportBuilder = struct {
         return report;
     }
 
+    /// Build a report for when an anonymous type doesn't support equality
+    fn buildTypeDoesNotSupportEquality(
+        self: *Self,
+        data: TypeDoesNotSupportEquality,
+    ) !Report {
+        var report = Report.init(self.gpa, "TYPE DOES NOT SUPPORT EQUALITY", .runtime_error);
+        errdefer report.deinit();
+
+        self.snapshot_writer.resetContext();
+        try self.snapshot_writer.write(data.dispatcher_snapshot);
+        const snapshot_str = try report.addOwnedString(self.snapshot_writer.get());
+
+        const region = self.can_ir.store.regions.get(@enumFromInt(@intFromEnum(data.fn_var)));
+        const region_info = self.module_env.calcRegionInfo(region.*);
+
+        try report.document.addReflowingText("This expression uses ");
+        try report.document.addAnnotated("==", .emphasized);
+        try report.document.addReflowingText(" or ");
+        try report.document.addAnnotated("!=", .emphasized);
+        try report.document.addReflowingText(" on a type that doesn't support equality:");
+        try report.document.addLineBreak();
+
+        try report.document.addSourceRegion(
+            region_info,
+            .error_highlight,
+            self.filename,
+            self.source,
+            self.module_env.getLineStarts(),
+        );
+        try report.document.addLineBreak();
+
+        try report.document.addReflowingText("The type is:");
+        try report.document.addLineBreak();
+        try report.document.addText("    ");
+        try report.document.addAnnotated(snapshot_str, .type_variable);
+        try report.document.addLineBreak();
+        try report.document.addLineBreak();
+
+        // Get the content and explain which parts don't support equality
+        const content = self.snapshots.getContent(data.dispatcher_snapshot);
+        if (content == .structure) {
+            switch (content.structure) {
+                .record => |record| {
+                    try self.explainRecordEqualityFailure(&report, record);
+                },
+                .tuple => |tuple| {
+                    try self.explainTupleEqualityFailure(&report, tuple);
+                },
+                .tag_union => |tag_union| {
+                    try self.explainTagUnionEqualityFailure(&report, tag_union);
+                },
+                .fn_pure, .fn_effectful, .fn_unbound => {
+                    try report.document.addReflowingText("Functions cannot be compared for equality.");
+                    try report.document.addLineBreak();
+                },
+                else => {},
+            }
+        }
+
+        return report;
+    }
+
+    /// Explain which record fields don't support equality
+    fn explainRecordEqualityFailure(
+        self: *Self,
+        report: *Report,
+        record: snapshot.SnapshotRecord,
+    ) !void {
+        const fields = self.snapshots.sliceRecordFields(record.fields);
+        var has_problem_fields = false;
+
+        // First pass: check if any fields don't support equality
+        for (fields.items(.content)) |field_content_idx| {
+            if (!self.snapshotSupportsEquality(field_content_idx)) {
+                has_problem_fields = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (has_problem_fields) {
+            try report.document.addReflowingText("This record does not support equality because these fields have types that don't support ");
+            try report.document.addAnnotated("is_eq", .emphasized);
+            try report.document.addReflowingText(":");
+            try report.document.addLineBreak();
+
+            const field_names = fields.items(.name);
+            const field_contents = fields.items(.content);
+            for (field_names, field_contents) |name, field_content_idx| {
+                if (!self.snapshotSupportsEquality(field_content_idx)) {
+                    const field_name = self.can_ir.getIdentText(name);
+
+                    self.snapshot_writer.resetContext();
+                    try self.snapshot_writer.write(field_content_idx);
+                    const field_type_str = try report.addOwnedString(self.snapshot_writer.get());
+
+                    try report.document.addText("    ");
+                    try report.document.addAnnotated(field_name, .emphasized);
+                    try report.document.addText(": ");
+                    try report.document.addAnnotated(field_type_str, .type_variable);
+                    try report.document.addLineBreak();
+                }
+            }
+            try report.document.addLineBreak();
+            try report.document.addAnnotated("Hint: ", .emphasized);
+            try report.document.addReflowingText("Anonymous records only have an ");
+            try report.document.addAnnotated("is_eq", .emphasized);
+            try report.document.addReflowingText(" method if all of their fields have ");
+            try report.document.addAnnotated("is_eq", .emphasized);
+            try report.document.addReflowingText(" methods.");
+            try report.document.addLineBreak();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Explain which tuple elements don't support equality
+    fn explainTupleEqualityFailure(
+        self: *Self,
+        report: *Report,
+        tuple: snapshot.SnapshotTuple,
+    ) !void {
+        const elems = self.snapshots.sliceVars(tuple.elems);
+        var has_problem_elems = false;
+
+        // First pass: check if any elements don't support equality
+        for (elems) |elem_content_idx| {
+            if (!self.snapshotSupportsEquality(elem_content_idx)) {
+                has_problem_elems = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (has_problem_elems) {
+            try report.document.addReflowingText("This tuple does not support equality because these elements have types that don't support ");
+            try report.document.addAnnotated("is_eq", .emphasized);
+            try report.document.addReflowingText(":");
+            try report.document.addLineBreak();
+
+            for (elems, 0..) |elem_content_idx, i| {
+                if (!self.snapshotSupportsEquality(elem_content_idx)) {
+                    self.snapshot_writer.resetContext();
+                    try self.snapshot_writer.write(elem_content_idx);
+                    const elem_type_str = try report.addOwnedString(self.snapshot_writer.get());
+
+                    try report.document.addText("    element ");
+                    var buf: [20]u8 = undefined;
+                    const index_str = std.fmt.bufPrint(&buf, "{}", .{i}) catch "?";
+                    try report.document.addAnnotated(index_str, .emphasized);
+                    try report.document.addText(": ");
+                    try report.document.addAnnotated(elem_type_str, .type_variable);
+                    try report.document.addLineBreak();
+                }
+            }
+            try report.document.addLineBreak();
+            try report.document.addAnnotated("Hint: ", .emphasized);
+            try report.document.addReflowingText("Tuples only have an ");
+            try report.document.addAnnotated("is_eq", .emphasized);
+            try report.document.addReflowingText(" method if all of their elements have ");
+            try report.document.addAnnotated("is_eq", .emphasized);
+            try report.document.addReflowingText(" methods.");
+            try report.document.addLineBreak();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Explain which tag union payloads don't support equality
+    fn explainTagUnionEqualityFailure(
+        self: *Self,
+        report: *Report,
+        tag_union: snapshot.SnapshotTagUnion,
+    ) !void {
+        const tags = self.snapshots.sliceTags(tag_union.tags);
+        var has_problem_tags = false;
+
+        // First pass: check if any tag payloads don't support equality
+        for (tags.items(.args)) |tag_args| {
+            const args = self.snapshots.sliceVars(tag_args);
+            for (args) |arg_content_idx| {
+                if (!self.snapshotSupportsEquality(arg_content_idx)) {
+                    has_problem_tags = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (has_problem_tags) break;
+        }
+
+        if (has_problem_tags) {
+            try report.document.addReflowingText("This tag union does not support equality because these tags have payload types that don't support ");
+            try report.document.addAnnotated("is_eq", .emphasized);
+            try report.document.addReflowingText(":");
+            try report.document.addLineBreak();
+
+            const tag_names = tags.items(.name);
+            const tag_args_list = tags.items(.args);
+            for (tag_names, tag_args_list) |name, tag_args| {
+                const args = self.snapshots.sliceVars(tag_args);
+                var tag_has_problem = false;
+                for (args) |arg_content_idx| {
+                    if (!self.snapshotSupportsEquality(arg_content_idx)) {
+                        tag_has_problem = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (tag_has_problem) {
+                    const tag_name = self.can_ir.getIdentText(name);
+                    try report.document.addText("    ");
+                    try report.document.addAnnotated(tag_name, .emphasized);
+
+                    // Show the problematic payload types
+                    if (args.len > 0) {
+                        try report.document.addText(" (");
+                        var first = true;
+                        for (args) |arg_content_idx| {
+                            if (!first) try report.document.addText(", ");
+                            first = false;
+
+                            self.snapshot_writer.resetContext();
+                            try self.snapshot_writer.write(arg_content_idx);
+                            const arg_type_str = try report.addOwnedString(self.snapshot_writer.get());
+                            try report.document.addAnnotated(arg_type_str, .type_variable);
+                        }
+                        try report.document.addText(")");
+                    }
+                    try report.document.addLineBreak();
+                }
+            }
+            try report.document.addLineBreak();
+            try report.document.addAnnotated("Hint: ", .emphasized);
+            try report.document.addReflowingText("Tag unions only have an ");
+            try report.document.addAnnotated("is_eq", .emphasized);
+            try report.document.addReflowingText(" method if all of their payload types have ");
+            try report.document.addAnnotated("is_eq", .emphasized);
+            try report.document.addReflowingText(" methods.");
+            try report.document.addLineBreak();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Check if a snapshotted type supports equality
+    fn snapshotSupportsEquality(self: *Self, content_idx: snapshot.SnapshotContentIdx) bool {
+        const content = self.snapshots.getContent(content_idx);
+        return switch (content) {
+            .structure => |s| switch (s) {
+                // Functions never support equality
+                .fn_pure, .fn_effectful, .fn_unbound => false,
+                // Empty types trivially support equality
+                .empty_record, .empty_tag_union => true,
+                // Records: all fields must support equality
+                .record => |record| {
+                    const fields = self.snapshots.sliceRecordFields(record.fields);
+                    for (fields.items(.content)) |field_content| {
+                        if (!self.snapshotSupportsEquality(field_content)) return false;
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                },
+                // Tuples: all elements must support equality
+                .tuple => |tuple| {
+                    const elems = self.snapshots.sliceVars(tuple.elems);
+                    for (elems) |elem_content| {
+                        if (!self.snapshotSupportsEquality(elem_content)) return false;
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                },
+                // Tag unions: all payloads must support equality
+                .tag_union => |tag_union| {
+                    const tags_slice = self.snapshots.sliceTags(tag_union.tags);
+                    for (tags_slice.items(.args)) |tag_args| {
+                        const args = self.snapshots.sliceVars(tag_args);
+                        for (args) |arg_content| {
+                            if (!self.snapshotSupportsEquality(arg_content)) return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                },
+                // Other types (nominal, box, etc.) assumed to support equality
+                else => true,
+            },
+            // Aliases: check the underlying type
+            .alias => |alias| self.snapshotSupportsEquality(alias.backing),
+            // Recursion vars: assume they support equality
+            .recursion_var => true,
+            // Other types (flex, rigid, recursive, err) assumed to support equality
+            else => true,
+        };
+    }
+
     // number problems //
 
     /// Build a report for "number does not fit in type" diagnostic
diff --git a/src/check/snapshot.zig b/src/check/snapshot.zig
index 5bb927622b..2ed61f8e66 100644
--- a/src/check/snapshot.zig
+++ b/src/check/snapshot.zig
@@ -1217,6 +1217,10 @@ pub const Store = struct {
         return self.static_dispatch_constraints.sliceRange(range);
     }
 
+    pub fn sliceTags(self: *const Self, range: SnapshotTagSafeList.Range) SnapshotTagSafeList.Slice {
+        return self.tags.sliceRange(range);
+    }
+
     pub fn getContent(self: *const Self, idx: SnapshotContentIdx) SnapshotContent {
         return self.contents.get(idx).*;
     }
diff --git a/src/check/test/type_checking_integration.zig b/src/check/test/type_checking_integration.zig
index ee89820765..5bb1901df0 100644
--- a/src/check/test/type_checking_integration.zig
+++ b/src/check/test/type_checking_integration.zig
@@ -196,6 +196,85 @@ test "check type - record" {
     try checkTypesExpr(source, .pass, "{ hello: Str, world: a } where [a.from_numeral : Numeral -> Try(a, [InvalidNumeral(Str)])]");
 }
 
+// anonymous type equality (is_eq) //
+
+test "check type - record equality - same records are equal" {
+    const source =
+        \\{ x: 1, y: 2 } == { x: 1, y: 2 }
+    ;
+    try checkTypesExpr(source, .pass, "Bool");
+}
+
+test "check type - tuple equality - same tuples are equal" {
+    const source =
+        \\(1, 2) == (1, 2)
+    ;
+    try checkTypesExpr(source, .pass, "Bool");
+}
+
+test "check type - empty record equality" {
+    const source =
+        \\{} == {}
+    ;
+    try checkTypesExpr(source, .pass, "Bool");
+}
+
+test "check type - record with function field - no is_eq" {
+    // Records containing functions should not have is_eq because functions don't have is_eq
+    const source =
+        \\{ x: 1, f: |a| a + 1 } == { x: 1, f: |a| a + 1 }
+    ;
+    try checkTypesExpr(source, .fail, "TYPE DOES NOT SUPPORT EQUALITY");
+}
+
+test "check type - tuple with function element - no is_eq" {
+    // Tuples containing functions should not have is_eq because functions don't have is_eq
+    const source =
+        \\(1, |a| a) == (1, |a| a)
+    ;
+    try checkTypesExpr(source, .fail, "TYPE DOES NOT SUPPORT EQUALITY");
+}
+
+test "check type - nested record equality" {
+    // Nested records should type-check as Bool
+    const source =
+        \\{ a: { x: 1 }, b: 2 } == { a: { x: 1 }, b: 2 }
+    ;
+    try checkTypesExpr(source, .pass, "Bool");
+}
+
+test "check type - nested tuple equality" {
+    // Nested tuples should type-check as Bool
+    const source =
+        \\((1, 2), 3) == ((1, 2), 3)
+    ;
+    try checkTypesExpr(source, .pass, "Bool");
+}
+
+test "check type - nested record with function - no is_eq" {
+    // Nested records containing functions should not have is_eq
+    const source =
+        \\{ a: { f: |x| x } } == { a: { f: |x| x } }
+    ;
+    try checkTypesExpr(source, .fail, "TYPE DOES NOT SUPPORT EQUALITY");
+}
+
+test "check type - tag union equality" {
+    // Tag unions should type-check for equality
+    const source =
+        \\Ok(1) == Ok(1)
+    ;
+    try checkTypesExpr(source, .pass, "Bool");
+}
+
+test "check type - tag union with function payload - no is_eq" {
+    // Tag unions with function payloads should not have is_eq
+    const source =
+        \\Fn(|x| x) == Fn(|x| x)
+    ;
+    try checkTypesExpr(source, .fail, "TYPE DOES NOT SUPPORT EQUALITY");
+}
+
 // tags //
 
 test "check type - tag" {
diff --git a/src/check/unify.zig b/src/check/unify.zig
index 73f27a93be..86afe48987 100644
--- a/src/check/unify.zig
+++ b/src/check/unify.zig
@@ -2038,12 +2038,18 @@ const Unifier = struct {
         const trace = tracy.trace(@src());
         defer trace.end();
 
-        const range_start: u32 = self.types_store.record_fields.len();
-
-        // Here, iterate over shared fields, sub unifying the field variables.
-        // At this point, the fields are know to be identical, so we arbitrary choose b
+        // First, unify all field types. This may cause nested record unifications
+        // which will append their own fields to the store. We must NOT interleave
+        // our field appends with these nested calls.
         for (shared_fields) |shared| {
             try self.unifyGuarded(shared.a.var_, shared.b.var_);
+        }
+
+        // Now that all nested unifications are complete, append OUR fields.
+        // This ensures our fields form a contiguous range.
+        const range_start: u32 = self.types_store.record_fields.len();
+
+        for (shared_fields) |shared| {
             _ = self.types_store.appendRecordFields(&[_]RecordField{.{
                 .name = shared.b.name,
                 .var_ = shared.b.var_,
@@ -2058,7 +2064,7 @@ const Unifier = struct {
             _ = self.types_store.appendRecordFields(extended_fields) catch return Error.AllocatorError;
         }
 
-        // Merge vars
+        // Merge vars - now the range correctly contains only THIS record's fields
         self.merge(vars, Content{ .structure = FlatType{ .record = .{
             .fields = self.types_store.record_fields.rangeToEnd(range_start),
             .ext = ext,
diff --git a/src/eval/interpreter.zig b/src/eval/interpreter.zig
index 1f4ff06d0a..c859b1da77 100644
--- a/src/eval/interpreter.zig
+++ b/src/eval/interpreter.zig
@@ -4442,13 +4442,13 @@ pub const Interpreter = struct {
             .tag_union => {
                 return try self.structuralEqualTag(lhs, rhs, lhs_var);
             },
-            .list => |elem_var| {
-                return try self.structuralEqualList(lhs, rhs, elem_var);
-            },
             .empty_record => true,
-            .list_unbound, .record_unbound, .fn_pure, .fn_effectful, .fn_unbound, .nominal_type, .empty_tag_union, .box => error.NotImplemented,
-            .str => error.NotImplemented,
-            .num => error.NotImplemented,
+            .empty_tag_union => true,
+            .nominal_type => |nom| {
+                // For nominal types, dispatch to their is_eq method
+                return try self.dispatchNominalIsEq(lhs, rhs, nom, lhs_var);
+            },
+            .record_unbound, .fn_pure, .fn_effectful, .fn_unbound => error.NotImplemented,
         };
     }
 
@@ -4630,6 +4630,41 @@ pub const Interpreter = struct {
         return true;
     }
 
+    /// Dispatch is_eq method call for a nominal type
+    fn dispatchNominalIsEq(
+        self: *Interpreter,
+        lhs: StackValue,
+        rhs: StackValue,
+        nom: types.NominalType,
+        lhs_var: types.Var,
+    ) StructuralEqError!bool {
+        // TODO: Properly dispatch to the nominal type's is_eq method
+        // For now, use a simplified approach:
+        // - If the nominal type is a wrapper around a scalar or simple structure, compare directly
+        // - Otherwise, fall back to structural comparison of the backing type
+
+        // Get the backing var of the nominal type
+        const backing_var = self.runtime_types.getNominalBackingVar(nom);
+        const backing_resolved = self.runtime_types.resolveVar(backing_var);
+
+        // If the backing type is a structure, recursively compare
+        if (backing_resolved.desc.content == .structure) {
+            return self.valuesStructurallyEqual(lhs, backing_var, rhs, backing_var);
+        }
+
+        // For other cases, fall back to attempting scalar comparison
+        // This handles cases like Bool which wraps a tag union but is represented as a scalar
+        if (lhs.layout.tag == .scalar and rhs.layout.tag == .scalar) {
+            const order = self.compareNumericScalars(lhs, rhs) catch return error.NotImplemented;
+            return order == .eq;
+        }
+
+        // Can't compare - likely a user-defined nominal type that needs is_eq dispatch
+        // TODO: Implement proper method dispatch by looking up is_eq in the nominal type's module
+        _ = lhs_var;
+        return error.NotImplemented;
+    }
+
     pub fn getCanonicalBoolRuntimeVar(self: *Interpreter) !types.Var {
         if (self.canonical_bool_rt_var) |cached| return cached;
         // Use the dynamic bool_stmt index (from the Bool module)
@@ -5437,22 +5472,40 @@ pub const Interpreter = struct {
         var rhs = try self.evalExprMinimal(rhs_expr, roc_ops, rhs_rt_var);
         defer rhs.decref(&self.runtime_layout_store, roc_ops);
 
-        // Get the nominal type information from lhs
-        const nominal_info = switch (lhs_resolved.desc.content) {
+        // Get the nominal type information from lhs, or handle anonymous structural types
+        const nominal_info: ?struct { origin: base_pkg.Ident.Idx, ident: base_pkg.Ident.Idx } = switch (lhs_resolved.desc.content) {
             .structure => |s| switch (s) {
                 .nominal_type => |nom| .{
                     .origin = nom.origin_module,
                     .ident = nom.ident.ident_idx,
                 },
-                else => return error.InvalidMethodReceiver,
+                .record, .tuple, .tag_union, .empty_record, .empty_tag_union => blk: {
+                    // Anonymous structural types have implicit is_eq
+                    if (method_ident == self.env.is_eq_ident) {
+                        const result = self.valuesStructurallyEqual(lhs, lhs_rt_var, rhs, rhs_rt_var) catch |err| {
+                            // If structural equality is not implemented for this type, return false
+                            if (err == error.NotImplemented) {
+                                return try self.makeBoolValue(false);
+                            }
+                            return err;
+                        };
+                        return try self.makeBoolValue(result);
+                    }
+                    break :blk null;
+                },
+                else => null,
             },
-            else => return error.InvalidMethodReceiver,
+            else => null,
         };
 
+        if (nominal_info == null) {
+            return error.InvalidMethodReceiver;
+        }
+
         // Resolve the method function
         const method_func = self.resolveMethodFunction(
-            nominal_info.origin,
-            nominal_info.ident,
+            nominal_info.?.origin,
+            nominal_info.?.ident,
             method_ident,
             roc_ops,
         ) catch |err| return err;
diff --git a/src/eval/test/eval_test.zig b/src/eval/test/eval_test.zig
index 0774eb4133..90aceed62c 100644
--- a/src/eval/test/eval_test.zig
+++ b/src/eval/test/eval_test.zig
@@ -848,3 +848,50 @@ test "ModuleEnv serialization and interpreter evaluation" {
         }
     }
 }
+
+// Tests for anonymous type equality (is_eq on records, tuples, and tag unions)
+
+test "anonymous record equality" {
+    // Same records should be equal
+    try runExpectBool("{ x: 1, y: 2 } == { x: 1, y: 2 }", true, .no_trace);
+    // Different values should not be equal
+    try runExpectBool("{ x: 1, y: 2 } == { x: 1, y: 3 }", false, .no_trace);
+    // Field order shouldn't matter
+    try runExpectBool("{ x: 1, y: 2 } == { y: 2, x: 1 }", true, .no_trace);
+}
+
+test "anonymous tuple equality" {
+    // Same tuples should be equal
+    try runExpectBool("(1, 2) == (1, 2)", true, .no_trace);
+    // Different values should not be equal
+    try runExpectBool("(1, 2) == (1, 3)", false, .no_trace);
+}
+
+test "empty record equality" {
+    try runExpectBool("{} == {}", true, .no_trace);
+}
+
+test "string field equality" {
+    try runExpectBool("{ name: \"hello\" } == { name: \"hello\" }", true, .no_trace);
+    try runExpectBool("{ name: \"hello\" } == { name: \"world\" }", false, .no_trace);
+}
+
+test "nested record equality" {
+    try runExpectBool("{ a: { x: 1 }, b: 2 } == { a: { x: 1 }, b: 2 }", true, .no_trace);
+    try runExpectBool("{ a: { x: 1 }, b: 2 } == { a: { x: 2 }, b: 2 }", false, .no_trace);
+    try runExpectBool("{ outer: { inner: { deep: 42 } } } == { outer: { inner: { deep: 42 } } }", true, .no_trace);
+    try runExpectBool("{ outer: { inner: { deep: 42 } } } == { outer: { inner: { deep: 99 } } }", false, .no_trace);
+}
+
+test "bool field equality" {
+    // Use comparison expressions to produce boolean values for record fields
+    try runExpectBool("{ flag: (1 == 1) } == { flag: (1 == 1) }", true, .no_trace);
+    try runExpectBool("{ flag: (1 == 1) } == { flag: (1 != 1) }", false, .no_trace);
+}
+
+test "nested tuple equality" {
+    try runExpectBool("((1, 2), 3) == ((1, 2), 3)", true, .no_trace);
+    try runExpectBool("((1, 2), 3) == ((1, 9), 3)", false, .no_trace);
+    try runExpectBool("(1, (2, 3)) == (1, (2, 3))", true, .no_trace);
+    try runExpectBool("(1, (2, 3)) == (1, (2, 9))", false, .no_trace);
+}
diff --git a/test/snapshots/if_then_else/if_then_else_nested_chain.md b/test/snapshots/if_then_else/if_then_else_nested_chain.md
index 8ff0e2d100..10d7a36919 100644
--- a/test/snapshots/if_then_else/if_then_else_nested_chain.md
+++ b/test/snapshots/if_then_else/if_then_else_nested_chain.md
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ NO CHANGE
 ~~~clojure
 (inferred-types
 	(defs
-		(patt (type "a -> Str where [a.from_numeral : Numeral -> Try(a, [InvalidNumeral(Str)])]")))
+		(patt (type "a -> Str where [a.from_numeral : Numeral -> Try(a, [InvalidNumeral(Str)]), a.is_eq : a, a -> Bool]")))
 	(expressions
-		(expr (type "a -> Str where [a.from_numeral : Numeral -> Try(a, [InvalidNumeral(Str)])]"))))
+		(expr (type "a -> Str where [a.from_numeral : Numeral -> Try(a, [InvalidNumeral(Str)]), a.is_eq : a, a -> Bool]"))))
 ~~~