diff --git a/compiler/build/src/program.rs b/compiler/build/src/program.rs
index bffd546449..09367a4b24 100644
--- a/compiler/build/src/program.rs
+++ b/compiler/build/src/program.rs
@@ -372,6 +372,7 @@ pub fn gen_from_mono_module(
 
     for ((symbol, layout), proc) in loaded.procedures {
         let fn_val = build_proc_header(&env, &mut layout_ids, symbol, &layout, &proc);
+        dbg!(&fn_val);
 
         headers.push((proc, fn_val));
     }
@@ -395,7 +396,7 @@ pub fn gen_from_mono_module(
     }
 
     // Uncomment this to see the module's optimized LLVM instruction output:
-    // env.module.print_to_stderr();
+    env.module.print_to_stderr();
 
     mpm.run_on(module);
 
diff --git a/compiler/gen/src/llvm/build.rs b/compiler/gen/src/llvm/build.rs
index 2d422b8f79..c339cf65b2 100644
--- a/compiler/gen/src/llvm/build.rs
+++ b/compiler/gen/src/llvm/build.rs
@@ -1899,17 +1899,18 @@ fn call_with_args<'a, 'ctx, 'env>(
     let fn_name = layout_ids
         .get(symbol, layout)
         .to_symbol_string(symbol, &env.interns);
+    let fn_name = fn_name.as_str();
 
-    let fn_val = env
-        .module
-        .get_function(fn_name.as_str())
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            if symbol.is_builtin() {
-                panic!("Unrecognized builtin function: {:?}", symbol)
-            } else {
-                panic!("Unrecognized non-builtin function: {:?}", symbol)
-            }
-        });
+    let fn_val = env.module.get_function(fn_name).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        if symbol.is_builtin() {
+            panic!("Unrecognized builtin function: {:?}", fn_name)
+        } else {
+            panic!(
+                "Unrecognized non-builtin function: {:?} {:?}",
+                fn_name, layout
+            )
+        }
+    });
 
     let call = env.builder.build_call(fn_val, args, "call");
 
diff --git a/compiler/mono/Cargo.toml b/compiler/mono/Cargo.toml
index 5301d0bdc3..079e0f0da0 100644
--- a/compiler/mono/Cargo.toml
+++ b/compiler/mono/Cargo.toml
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ roc_module = { path = "../module" }
 roc_types = { path = "../types" }
 roc_can = { path = "../can" }
 roc_unify = { path = "../unify" }
+roc_constrain = { path = "../constrain" }
+roc_solve = { path = "../solve" }
 roc_problem = { path = "../problem" }
 ven_pretty = { path = "../../vendor/pretty" }
 bumpalo = { version = "3.2", features = ["collections"] }
diff --git a/compiler/mono/src/ir.rs b/compiler/mono/src/ir.rs
index 3ec87e91ab..1696f2c916 100644
--- a/compiler/mono/src/ir.rs
+++ b/compiler/mono/src/ir.rs
@@ -1208,30 +1208,44 @@ pub fn specialize_all<'a>(
     mut procs: Procs<'a>,
     layout_cache: &mut LayoutCache<'a>,
 ) -> Procs<'a> {
-    let mut pending_specializations = procs.pending_specializations.unwrap_or_default();
-
     // add the specializations that other modules require of us
     use roc_constrain::module::{to_type, FreeVars};
-    use roc_solve::solve::insert_type_into_subs;
-    for (name, solved_type) in procs.externals_others_need.drain() {
+    use roc_solve::solve::{insert_type_into_subs, unsafe_copy_var_help};
+    use roc_types::subs::VarStore;
+
+    let it = procs.externals_others_need.clone();
+    for (name, solved_type) in it.into_iter() {
+        let snapshot = env.subs.snapshot();
+
         let mut free_vars = FreeVars::default();
-        let mut var_store = ();
-        let normal_type = to_type(solved_type, &mut free_vars, &mut var_store);
+        let mut var_store = VarStore::new_from_subs(env.subs);
+
+        let normal_type = to_type(&solved_type, &mut free_vars, &mut var_store);
+        dbg!(name, &normal_type);
+
+        let next = var_store.fresh().index();
+        let variables_introduced = next as usize - (env.subs.len() - 1);
+
+        env.subs.extend_by(variables_introduced);
+
         let fn_var = insert_type_into_subs(env.subs, &normal_type);
 
         let layout = layout_cache
             .from_var(&env.arena, fn_var, env.subs)
             .unwrap_or_else(|err| panic!("TODO handle invalid function {:?}", err));
 
-        let partial_proc = match procs.partial_procs.get(&name) {
+        let mut partial_proc = match procs.partial_procs.get(&name) {
             Some(v) => v.clone(),
             None => {
                 unreachable!("now this is an error");
             }
         };
 
+        partial_proc.annotation = unsafe_copy_var_help(env.subs, partial_proc.annotation);
+
         match specialize_external(env, &mut procs, name, layout_cache, fn_var, partial_proc) {
             Ok(proc) => {
+                dbg!(name, &layout);
                 procs.specialized.insert((name, layout), Done(proc));
             }
             Err(error) => {
@@ -1243,8 +1257,12 @@ pub fn specialize_all<'a>(
                 procs.runtime_errors.insert(name, error_msg);
             }
         }
+
+        env.subs.rollback_to(snapshot);
     }
 
+    let mut pending_specializations = procs.pending_specializations.unwrap_or_default();
+
     // When calling from_can, pending_specializations should be unavailable.
     // This must be a single pass, and we must not add any more entries to it!
     procs.pending_specializations = None;
diff --git a/compiler/solve/src/solve.rs b/compiler/solve/src/solve.rs
index 084aa7fc1b..12a86a0618 100644
--- a/compiler/solve/src/solve.rs
+++ b/compiler/solve/src/solve.rs
@@ -1191,6 +1191,13 @@ fn introduce(subs: &mut Subs, rank: Rank, pools: &mut Pools, vars: &[Variable])
     pool.extend(vars);
 }
 
+pub fn unsafe_copy_var_help(subs: &mut Subs, var: Variable) -> Variable {
+    let rank = Rank::NONE;
+    let mut pools = Pools::default();
+
+    deep_copy_var(subs, rank, &mut pools, var)
+}
+
 fn deep_copy_var(subs: &mut Subs, rank: Rank, pools: &mut Pools, var: Variable) -> Variable {
     let copy = deep_copy_var_help(subs, rank, pools, var);
 
diff --git a/compiler/types/src/subs.rs b/compiler/types/src/subs.rs
index b47fa193ab..7322448633 100644
--- a/compiler/types/src/subs.rs
+++ b/compiler/types/src/subs.rs
@@ -72,6 +72,14 @@ impl VarStore {
         VarStore { next: next_var.0 }
     }
 
+    pub fn new_from_subs(subs: &Subs) -> Self {
+        // TODO why -2, are we not overwriting something here?
+        let next_var = (subs.utable.len() - 1) as u32;
+        debug_assert!(next_var >= Variable::FIRST_USER_SPACE_VAR.0);
+
+        VarStore { next: next_var }
+    }
+
     pub fn fresh(&mut self) -> Variable {
         // Increment the counter and return the value it had before it was incremented.
         let answer = self.next;
@@ -163,6 +171,10 @@ impl Variable {
     pub unsafe fn unsafe_test_debug_variable(v: u32) -> Self {
         Variable(v)
     }
+
+    pub fn index(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.0
+    }
 }
 
 impl Into<OptVariable> for Variable {
@@ -255,6 +267,12 @@ impl Subs {
         subs
     }
 
+    pub fn extend_by(&mut self, entries: usize) {
+        for _ in self.len()..entries {
+            self.utable.new_key(flex_var_descriptor());
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn fresh(&mut self, value: Descriptor) -> Variable {
         self.utable.new_key(value)
     }