When we attempt to bind a type argument to an ability in an alias/opaque
instantiation, we create a fresh flex var to represent satisfaction of
the ability, and then unify the type argument with that flex var.
Previously, we did not register this fresh var in the appropriate rank
pool.
Usually this is not a problem; however, our generalization algorithm is
such that we skip adjusting the rank of redundant variables. Redundant
variables are those that are in the same unification tree, but are not
the root of the unification trees.
This means that if such a flex able var becomes the root of a
unification tree with the type argument, and the type argument is itself
generalized, we will have missed generalization of the argument.
The fix is simple - make sure to register the flex able var into the
appropriate rank pool.
Closes#4408
Prior to this commit, we emplace type variables into `Index<TypeTag>`
only for translated top-level types. However, we need to be careful to
do this emplacement for nested types as well! This patch ensures we do,
but immediately emplacing the destination variable of a type when we
allocate a variable for it.
This materially improves performance for programs that are
recursion-heavy (as most Roc programs will likely be).
```
$ hyperfine '/tmp/roc-old check examples/cli/cli-platform/Arg.roc' '/tmp/roc-new check examples/cli/cli-platform/Arg.roc' --warmup 10
Benchmark 1: /tmp/roc-old check examples/cli/cli-platform/Arg.roc
Time (mean ± σ): 53.8 ms ± 1.3 ms [User: 87.3 ms, System: 10.8 ms]
Range (min … max): 52.2 ms … 60.4 ms 51 runs
Benchmark 2: /tmp/roc-new check examples/cli/cli-platform/Arg.roc
Time (mean ± σ): 45.0 ms ± 1.6 ms [User: 59.4 ms, System: 11.3 ms]
Range (min … max): 42.6 ms … 49.8 ms 60 runs
Summary
'/tmp/roc-new check examples/cli/cli-platform/Arg.roc' ran
1.20 ± 0.05 times faster than '/tmp/roc-old check examples/cli/cli-platform/Arg.roc'
```
The time spent in `occurs` during checking for `Arg` drops from 50% to 23%.
