Avoid re-parenthesizing call chains whose inner values are parenthesized (#7373)

## Summary

Given a statement like:

```python
result = (
    f(111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111)
    + 1
)()
```

When we go to parenthesize the target of the assignment, we use
`maybe_parenthesize_expression` with `Parenthesize::IfBreaks`. This then
checks if the call on the right-hand side needs to be parenthesized, the
implementation of which looks like:

```rust
impl NeedsParentheses for ExprCall {
    fn needs_parentheses(
        &self,
        _parent: AnyNodeRef,
        context: &PyFormatContext,
    ) -> OptionalParentheses {
        if CallChainLayout::from_expression(self.into(), context.source())
            == CallChainLayout::Fluent
        {
            OptionalParentheses::Multiline
        } else if context.comments().has_dangling(self) {
            OptionalParentheses::Always
        } else {
            self.func.needs_parentheses(self.into(), context)
        }
    }
}
```

Checking for `self.func.needs_parentheses(self.into(), context)` is
problematic, since, as in the example above, `self.func` may _already_
be parenthesized -- in which case, we _don't_ want to parenthesize the
entire expression. If we do, we end up with this non-ideal formatting:

```python
result = (
    (
        f(
            111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
        )
        + 1
    )()
)
```

This PR modifies the `NeedsParentheses` implementations for call chain
expressions to return `Never` if the inner expression has its own
parentheses, in which case, the formatting implementations for those
expressions will preserve them anyway.

Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/7370.

## Test Plan

Zulip improves a bit, everything else is unchanged.

Before:

| project | similarity index | total files | changed files |

|--------------|------------------:|------------------:|------------------:|
| cpython | 0.76083 | 1789 | 1632 |
| django | 0.99981 | 2760 | 40 |
| transformers | 0.99944 | 2587 | 413 |
| twine | 1.00000 | 33 | 0 |
| typeshed | 0.99983 | 3496 | 18 |
| warehouse | 0.99834 | 648 | 20 |
| zulip | 0.99956 | 1437 | 23 |

After:

| project | similarity index | total files | changed files |

|--------------|------------------:|------------------:|------------------:|
| cpython | 0.76083 | 1789 | 1632 |
| django | 0.99981 | 2760 | 40 |
| transformers | 0.99944 | 2587 | 413 |
| twine | 1.00000 | 33 | 0 |
| typeshed | 0.99983 | 3496 | 18 |
| warehouse | 0.99834 | 648 | 20 |
| **zulip** | **0.99962** | **1437** | **22** |

crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/expression/expr_attribute.rs

@@ -150,6 +150,8 @@ impl NeedsParentheses for ExprAttribute {
             OptionalParentheses::Always
         } else if self.value.is_name_expr() {
             OptionalParentheses::BestFit
+        } else if is_expression_parenthesized(self.value.as_ref().into(), context.source()) {
+            OptionalParentheses::Never
         } else {
             self.value.needs_parentheses(self.into(), context)
         }

crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/expression/expr_call.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ use ruff_python_ast::node::AnyNodeRef;
 use ruff_python_ast::{Expr, ExprCall};
 
 use crate::comments::{dangling_comments, SourceComment};
-use crate::expression::parentheses::{NeedsParentheses, OptionalParentheses};
+use crate::expression::parentheses::{
+    is_expression_parenthesized, NeedsParentheses, OptionalParentheses,
+};
 use crate::expression::CallChainLayout;
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
@@ -86,6 +88,8 @@ impl NeedsParentheses for ExprCall {
             OptionalParentheses::Multiline
         } else if context.comments().has_dangling(self) {
             OptionalParentheses::Always
+        } else if is_expression_parenthesized(self.func.as_ref().into(), context.source()) {
+            OptionalParentheses::Never
         } else {
             self.func.needs_parentheses(self.into(), context)
         }

crates/ruff_python_formatter/src/expression/expr_subscript.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ use ruff_python_ast::{Expr, ExprSubscript};
 
 use crate::comments::SourceComment;
 use crate::expression::expr_tuple::TupleParentheses;
-use crate::expression::parentheses::{parenthesized, NeedsParentheses, OptionalParentheses};
+use crate::expression::parentheses::{
+    is_expression_parenthesized, parenthesized, NeedsParentheses, OptionalParentheses,
+};
 use crate::expression::CallChainLayout;
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
@@ -81,6 +83,8 @@ impl NeedsParentheses for ExprSubscript {
                 == CallChainLayout::Fluent
             {
                 OptionalParentheses::Multiline
+            } else if is_expression_parenthesized(self.value.as_ref().into(), context.source()) {
+                OptionalParentheses::Never
             } else {
                 match self.value.needs_parentheses(self.into(), context) {
                     OptionalParentheses::BestFit => OptionalParentheses::Never,