Detect enumerate iterations in loop-iterator-mutation (#12366)

## Summary

Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/12164.

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_bugbear/B909.py

@@ -158,3 +158,15 @@ for elem in some_list:
     some_list[elem] = 1
     some_list.remove(elem)
     some_list.discard(elem)
+
+# should error
+for i, elem in enumerate(some_list):
+    some_list.pop(0)
+
+# should not error (list)
+for i, elem in enumerate(some_list):
+    some_list[i] = 1
+
+# should not error (dict)
+for i, elem in enumerate(some_list):
+    some_list[elem] = 1

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/rules/loop_iterator_mutation.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-
 use ruff_diagnostics::Diagnostic;
 use ruff_diagnostics::Violation;
 use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
@@ -7,10 +5,12 @@ use ruff_python_ast::comparable::ComparableExpr;
 use ruff_python_ast::name::UnqualifiedName;
 use ruff_python_ast::{
     visitor::{self, Visitor},
-    Arguments, Expr, ExprAttribute, ExprCall, ExprSubscript, Stmt, StmtAssign, StmtAugAssign,
-    StmtBreak, StmtDelete, StmtFor, StmtIf,
+    Arguments, Expr, ExprAttribute, ExprCall, ExprSubscript, ExprTuple, Stmt, StmtAssign,
+    StmtAugAssign, StmtBreak, StmtDelete, StmtFor, StmtIf,
 };
 use ruff_text_size::TextRange;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fmt::Debug;
 
 use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
 use crate::fix::snippet::SourceCodeSnippet;
@@ -64,13 +64,44 @@ pub(crate) fn loop_iterator_mutation(checker: &mut Checker, stmt_for: &StmtFor)
         range: _,
     } = stmt_for;
 
-    if !matches!(iter.as_ref(), Expr::Name(_) | Expr::Attribute(_)) {
+    let (index, target, iter) = match iter.as_ref() {
+        Expr::Name(_) | Expr::Attribute(_) => {
+            // Ex) Given, `for item in items:`, `item` is the index and `items` is the iterable.
+            (&**target, &**target, &**iter)
+        }
+        Expr::Call(ExprCall {
+            func, arguments, ..
+        }) => {
+            // Ex) Given `for i, item in enumerate(items):`, `i` is the index and `items` is the
+            // iterable.
+            if checker.semantic().match_builtin_expr(func, "enumerate") {
+                // Ex) `items`
+                let Some(iter) = arguments.args.first() else {
+                    return;
+                };
+
+                let Expr::Tuple(ExprTuple { elts, .. }) = &**target else {
+                    return;
+                };
+
+                let [index, target] = elts.as_slice() else {
+                    return;
+                };
+
+                // Ex) `i`
+                (index, target, iter)
+            } else {
                 return;
             }
+        }
+        _ => {
+            return;
+        }
+    };
 
     // Collect mutations to the iterable.
     let mutations = {
-        let mut visitor = LoopMutationsVisitor::new(iter, target);
+        let mut visitor = LoopMutationsVisitor::new(iter, target, index);
         visitor.visit_body(body);
         visitor.mutations
     };
@@ -114,6 +145,7 @@ fn is_mutating_function(function_name: &str) -> bool {
 struct LoopMutationsVisitor<'a> {
     iter: &'a Expr,
     target: &'a Expr,
+    index: &'a Expr,
     mutations: HashMap<u32, Vec<TextRange>>,
     branches: Vec<u32>,
     branch: u32,
@@ -121,10 +153,11 @@ struct LoopMutationsVisitor<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> LoopMutationsVisitor<'a> {
     /// Initialize the visitor.
-    fn new(iter: &'a Expr, target: &'a Expr) -> Self {
+    fn new(iter: &'a Expr, target: &'a Expr, index: &'a Expr) -> Self {
         Self {
             iter,
             target,
+            index,
             mutations: HashMap::new(),
             branches: vec![0],
             branch: 0,
@@ -149,7 +182,9 @@ impl<'a> LoopMutationsVisitor<'a> {
                 // Find, e.g., `del items[0]`.
                 if ComparableExpr::from(self.iter) == ComparableExpr::from(value) {
                     // But allow, e.g., `for item in items: del items[item]`.
-                    if ComparableExpr::from(self.target) != ComparableExpr::from(slice) {
+                    if ComparableExpr::from(self.index) != ComparableExpr::from(slice)
+                        && ComparableExpr::from(self.target) != ComparableExpr::from(slice)
+                    {
                         self.add_mutation(range);
                     }
                 }
@@ -170,7 +205,9 @@ impl<'a> LoopMutationsVisitor<'a> {
                 // Find, e.g., `items[0] = 1`.
                 if ComparableExpr::from(self.iter) == ComparableExpr::from(value) {
                     // But allow, e.g., `for item in items: items[item] = 1`.
-                    if ComparableExpr::from(self.target) != ComparableExpr::from(slice) {
+                    if ComparableExpr::from(self.index) != ComparableExpr::from(slice)
+                        && ComparableExpr::from(self.target) != ComparableExpr::from(slice)
+                    {
                         self.add_mutation(range);
                     }
                 }
@@ -201,7 +238,10 @@ impl<'a> LoopMutationsVisitor<'a> {
                     if matches!(attr.as_str(), "remove" | "discard" | "pop") {
                         if arguments.len() == 1 {
                             if let [arg] = &*arguments.args {
-                                if ComparableExpr::from(self.target) == ComparableExpr::from(arg) {
+                                if ComparableExpr::from(self.index) == ComparableExpr::from(arg)
+                                    || ComparableExpr::from(self.target)
+                                        == ComparableExpr::from(arg)
+                                {
                                     return;
                                 }
                             }

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_bugbear/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__flake8_bugbear__tests__B909_B909.py.snap

@@ -339,3 +339,13 @@ B909.py:150:8: B909 Mutation to loop iterable `some_list` during iteration
 151 |         pass
 152 |     else:
     |
+
+B909.py:164:5: B909 Mutation to loop iterable `some_list` during iteration
+    |
+162 | # should error
+163 | for i, elem in enumerate(some_list):
+164 |     some_list.pop(0)
+    |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ B909
+165 | 
+166 | # should not error (list)
+    |