Respect file exclusions in ruff server (#11590)

## Summary

Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/11587.

## Test Plan

- Added a lint error to `test_server.py` in `vscode-ruff`.
- Validated that, prior to this change, diagnostics appeared in the
file.
- Validated that, with this change, no diagnostics were shown.
- Validated that, with this change, no diagnostics were fixed on-save.

crates/ruff_server/src/lint.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ use ruff_python_index::Indexer;
 use ruff_python_parser::AsMode;
 use ruff_source_file::{LineIndex, Locator};
 use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextRange};
+use ruff_workspace::resolver::match_any_exclusion;
+use ruff_workspace::FileResolverSettings;
 use rustc_hash::FxHashMap;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
@@ -60,12 +62,29 @@ pub(crate) type Diagnostics = FxHashMap<lsp_types::Url, Vec<lsp_types::Diagnosti
 
 pub(crate) fn check(
     query: &DocumentQuery,
+    file_resolver_settings: &FileResolverSettings,
     linter_settings: &LinterSettings,
     encoding: PositionEncoding,
 ) -> Diagnostics {
     let document_path = query.file_path();
     let source_kind = query.make_source_kind();
 
+    // If the document is excluded, return an empty list of diagnostics.
+    if let Some(exclusion) = match_any_exclusion(
+        document_path,
+        &file_resolver_settings.exclude,
+        &file_resolver_settings.extend_exclude,
+        Some(&linter_settings.exclude),
+        None,
+    ) {
+        tracing::debug!(
+            "Ignored path via `{}`: {}",
+            exclusion,
+            document_path.display()
+        );
+        return Diagnostics::default();
+    }
+
     let package = detect_package_root(
         document_path
             .parent()