[red-knot] Distribute intersections on negation (#13962)

## Summary

This does two things:
- distribute negated intersections when building up intersections (i.e.
going from `A & ~(B & C)` to `(A & ~B) | (A & ~C)`) (fixing #13931)

## Test Plan

`cargo test`

crates/red_knot_python_semantic/src/stdlib.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ use crate::Db;
 enum CoreStdlibModule {
     Builtins,
     Types,
+    // the Typing enum is currently only used in tests
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    Typing,
     Typeshed,
     TypingExtensions,
 }
@@ -19,6 +22,7 @@ impl CoreStdlibModule {
         let module_name = match self {
             Self::Builtins => "builtins",
             Self::Types => "types",
+            Self::Typing => "typing",
             Self::Typeshed => "_typeshed",
             Self::TypingExtensions => "typing_extensions",
         };
@@ -63,6 +67,14 @@ pub(crate) fn types_symbol_ty<'db>(db: &'db dyn Db, symbol: &str) -> Type<'db> {
     core_module_symbol_ty(db, CoreStdlibModule::Types, symbol)
 }
 
+/// Lookup the type of `symbol` in the `typing` module namespace.
+///
+/// Returns `Unbound` if the `typing` module isn't available for some reason.
+#[inline]
+#[allow(dead_code)] // currently only used in tests
+pub(crate) fn typing_symbol_ty<'db>(db: &'db dyn Db, symbol: &str) -> Type<'db> {
+    core_module_symbol_ty(db, CoreStdlibModule::Typing, symbol)
+}
 /// Lookup the type of `symbol` in the `_typeshed` module namespace.
 ///
 /// Returns `Unbound` if the `_typeshed` module isn't available for some reason.