Remove parentheses around multiple exception types on Python 3.14+ (#20768)

Summary
--

This PR implements the black preview style from
https://github.com/psf/black/pull/4720. As of Python 3.14, you're
allowed to omit the parentheses around groups of exceptions, as long as
there's no `as` binding:

**3.13**

```pycon
Python 3.13.4 (main, Jun  4 2025, 17:37:06) [Clang 20.1.4 ] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> try: ...
... except (Exception, BaseException): ...
...
Ellipsis
>>> try: ...
... except Exception, BaseException: ...
...
  File "<python-input-1>", line 2
    except Exception, BaseException: ...
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized
```

**3.14**

```pycon
Python 3.14.0rc2 (main, Sep  2 2025, 14:20:56) [Clang 20.1.4 ] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> try: ...
... except Exception, BaseException: ...
...
Ellipsis
>>> try: ...
... except (Exception, BaseException): ...
...
Ellipsis
>>> try: ...
... except Exception, BaseException as e: ...
...
  File "<python-input-2>", line 2
    except Exception, BaseException as e: ...
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized when using 'as'
```

I think this ended up being pretty straightforward, at least once Micha
showed me where to start :)

Test Plan
--

New tests

At first I thought we were deviating from black in how we handle
comments within the exception type tuple, but I think this applies to
how we format all tuples, not specifically with the new preview style.

crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/statement/try.options.json

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[
+  {
+    "target_version": "3.13"
+  },
+  {
+    "target_version": "3.14"
+  }
+]

crates/ruff_python_formatter/resources/test/fixtures/ruff/statement/try.py

@@ -166,3 +166,40 @@ else:
 
 finally:
     pass
+
+
+try:
+    pass
+# These parens can be removed on 3.14+ but not earlier
+except (BaseException, Exception, ValueError):
+    pass
+# But black won't remove these parentheses
+except (ZeroDivisionError,):
+    pass
+except (  # We wrap these and preserve the parens
+        BaseException, Exception, ValueError):
+    pass
+except (
+        BaseException,
+        # Same with this comment
+        Exception,
+        ValueError
+):
+    pass
+
+try:
+    pass
+# They can also be omitted for `except*`
+except* (BaseException, Exception, ValueError):
+    pass
+
+# But parentheses are still required in the presence of an `as` binding
+try:
+    pass
+except (BaseException, Exception, ValueError) as e:
+    pass
+
+try:
+    pass
+except* (BaseException, Exception, ValueError) as e:
+    pass