Start detecting version-related syntax errors in the parser (#16090)

## Summary

This PR builds on the changes in #16220 to pass a target Python version
to the parser. It also adds the `Parser::unsupported_syntax_errors` field, which
collects version-related syntax errors while parsing. These syntax
errors are then turned into `Message`s in ruff (in preview mode).

This PR only detects one syntax error (`match` statement before Python
3.10), but it has been pretty quick to extend to several other simple
errors (see #16308 for example).

## Test Plan

The current tests are CLI tests in the linter crate, but these could be
supplemented with inline parser tests after #16357.

I also tested the display of these syntax errors in VS Code:


![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/062b4441-740e-46c3-887c-a954049ef26e)

![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/101f55b8-146c-4d59-b6b0-922f19bcd0fa)

---------

Co-authored-by: Alex Waygood <alex.waygood@gmail.com>

crates/ruff_python_parser/src/parser/statement.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ use rustc_hash::{FxBuildHasher, FxHashSet};
 
 use ruff_python_ast::name::Name;
 use ruff_python_ast::{
-    self as ast, ExceptHandler, Expr, ExprContext, IpyEscapeKind, Operator, Stmt, WithItem,
+    self as ast, ExceptHandler, Expr, ExprContext, IpyEscapeKind, Operator, PythonVersion, Stmt,
+    WithItem,
 };
 use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextSize};
 
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ use crate::parser::{
 };
 use crate::token::{TokenKind, TokenValue};
 use crate::token_set::TokenSet;
-use crate::{Mode, ParseErrorType};
+use crate::{Mode, ParseErrorType, UnsupportedSyntaxError, UnsupportedSyntaxErrorKind};
 
 use super::expression::ExpressionContext;
 use super::Parenthesized;
@@ -2257,11 +2258,21 @@ impl<'src> Parser<'src> {
         let start = self.node_start();
         self.bump(TokenKind::Match);
 
+        let match_range = self.node_range(start);
+
         let subject = self.parse_match_subject_expression();
         self.expect(TokenKind::Colon);
 
         let cases = self.parse_match_body();
 
+        if self.options.target_version < PythonVersion::PY310 {
+            self.unsupported_syntax_errors.push(UnsupportedSyntaxError {
+                kind: UnsupportedSyntaxErrorKind::MatchBeforePy310,
+                range: match_range,
+                target_version: self.options.target_version,
+            });
+        }
+
         ast::StmtMatch {
             subject: Box::new(subject),
             cases,