Add ruff version with long version display (#8034)

Adds a new `ruff version` sub-command which displays long version
information in the style of `cargo` and `rustc`. We include the number
of commits since the last release tag if its a development build, in the
style of Python's versioneer.

```
❯ ruff version
ruff 0.1.0+14 (947940e91 2023-10-18)
```

```
❯ ruff version --output-format json
{
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "commit_info": {
    "short_commit_hash": "947940e91",
    "commit_hash": "947940e91269f20f6b3f8f8c7c63f8e914680e80",
    "commit_date": "2023-10-18",
    "last_tag": "v0.1.0",
    "commits_since_last_tag": 14
  }
}%
```

```
❯ cargo version
cargo 1.72.1 (103a7ff2e 2023-08-15)
```
## Test plan

I've tested this manually locally, but want to at least add unit tests
for the message formatting. We'd also want to check the next release to
ensure the information is correct.

I checked build behavior with a detached head and branches.

## Future work

We could include rustc and cargo versions from the build, the current
Python version, and other diagnostic information for bug reports.

The `--version` and `-V` output is unchanged. However, we could update
it to display the long ruff version without the rust and cargo versions
(this is what cargo does). We'll need to be careful to ensure this does
not break downstream packages which parse our version string.

```
❯ ruff --version
ruff 0.1.0
```

The LSP should be updated to use `ruff version --output-format json`
instead of parsing `ruff --version`.

crates/ruff_cli/src/commands/mod.rs

@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ pub(crate) mod linter;
 pub(crate) mod rule;
 pub(crate) mod show_files;
 pub(crate) mod show_settings;
+pub(crate) mod version;

crates/ruff_cli/src/commands/version.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+use std::io::{self, BufWriter, Write};
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+use crate::args::HelpFormat;
+
+/// Display version information
+pub(crate) fn version(output_format: HelpFormat) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut stdout = BufWriter::new(io::stdout().lock());
+    let version_info = crate::version::version();
+
+    match output_format {
+        HelpFormat::Text => {
+            writeln!(stdout, "ruff {}", &version_info)?;
+        }
+        HelpFormat::Json => {
+            serde_json::to_writer_pretty(stdout, &version_info)?;
+        }
+    };
+    Ok(())
+}