[ty] Add a --quiet mode (#19233)

Adds a `--quiet` flag which silences diagnostic, warning logs, and
messages like "all checks passed" while retaining summary messages that
indicate problems, e.g., the number of diagnostics.

I'm a bit on the fence regarding filtering out warning logs, because it
can omit important details, e.g., the message that a fatal diagnostic
was encountered. Let's discuss that in
https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/19233#discussion_r2195408693

The implementation recycles the `Printer` abstraction used in uv, which
is intended to replace all direct usage of `std::io::stdout`. See
https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/19233#discussion_r2195140197

I ended up futzing with the progress bar more than I probably should
have to ensure it was also using the printer, but it doesn't seem like a
big deal. See
https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/19233#discussion_r2195330467

Closes https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues/772

crates/ty/docs/cli.md

@@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ over all configuration files.</p>
 <li><code>3.11</code></li>
 <li><code>3.12</code></li>
 <li><code>3.13</code></li>
-</ul></dd><dt id="ty-check--respect-ignore-files"><a href="#ty-check--respect-ignore-files"><code>--respect-ignore-files</code></a></dt><dd><p>Respect file exclusions via <code>.gitignore</code> and other standard ignore files. Use <code>--no-respect-gitignore</code> to disable</p>
+</ul></dd><dt id="ty-check--quiet"><a href="#ty-check--quiet"><code>--quiet</code></a></dt><dd><p>Use quiet output</p>
+</dd><dt id="ty-check--respect-ignore-files"><a href="#ty-check--respect-ignore-files"><code>--respect-ignore-files</code></a></dt><dd><p>Respect file exclusions via <code>.gitignore</code> and other standard ignore files. Use <code>--no-respect-gitignore</code> to disable</p>
 </dd><dt id="ty-check--typeshed"><a href="#ty-check--typeshed"><code>--typeshed</code></a>, <code>--custom-typeshed-dir</code> <i>path</i></dt><dd><p>Custom directory to use for stdlib typeshed stubs</p>
 </dd><dt id="ty-check--verbose"><a href="#ty-check--verbose"><code>--verbose</code></a>, <code>-v</code></dt><dd><p>Use verbose output (or <code>-vv</code> and <code>-vvv</code> for more verbose output)</p>
 </dd><dt id="ty-check--warn"><a href="#ty-check--warn"><code>--warn</code></a> <i>rule</i></dt><dd><p>Treat the given rule as having severity 'warn'. Can be specified multiple times.</p>