Fix bug where selection included deprecated rules during preview (#9746)

Cherry-picked from https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/9714 which is
being abandoned for now because we need to invest more into our
redirection infrastructure before it is feasible.

Fixes a bug in the implementation where we improperly included
deprecated rules in `RuleSelector.rules()` when preview is on. Includes
some clean-up of error messages and the implementation.
# Conflicts:
#	crates/ruff/tests/integration_test.rs

crates/ruff/tests/integration_test.rs

@@ -977,7 +977,7 @@ fn preview_enabled_direct() {
 
 #[test]
 fn preview_disabled_direct() {
-    // RUFF911 is preview not nursery so the selection should be empty
+    // RUFF911 is preview so we should warn without selecting
     let mut cmd = RuffCheck::default()
         .args(["--select", "RUF911", "--output-format=concise"])
         .build();
@@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ fn preview_disabled_direct() {
     ----- stdout -----
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    warning: Selection `RUF911` has no effect because the `--preview` flag was not included.
+    warning: Selection `RUF911` has no effect because preview is not enabled.
     "###);
 }
 
@@ -1003,7 +1003,7 @@ fn preview_disabled_prefix_empty() {
     ----- stdout -----
 
     ----- stderr -----
-    warning: Selection `RUF91` has no effect because the `--preview` flag was not included.
+    warning: Selection `RUF91` has no effect because preview is not enabled.
     "###);
 }
 
@@ -1135,11 +1135,13 @@ def reciprocal(n):
     try:
         return 1 / n
     except ZeroDivisionError:
-        raise ValueError
+        raise ValueError()
 "###), @r###"
-    success: true
+    success: false
-    exit_code: 0
+    exit_code: 1
     ----- stdout -----
+    -:6:9: TRY200 Use `raise from` to specify exception cause
+    Found 1 error.
 
     ----- stderr -----
     warning: Rule `TRY200` is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
@@ -1212,7 +1214,7 @@ def reciprocal(n):
     try:
         return 1 / n
     except ZeroDivisionError:
-        raise ValueError
+        raise ValueError()
 "###), @r###"
     success: false
     exit_code: 2
@@ -1220,7 +1222,7 @@ def reciprocal(n):
 
     ----- stderr -----
     ruff failed
-      Cause: Selection of deprecated rule `TRY200` is not allowed when preview mode is enabled.
+      Cause: Selection of deprecated rule `TRY200` is not allowed when preview is enabled.
     "###);
 }
 
@@ -1236,7 +1238,7 @@ def reciprocal(n):
     try:
         return 1 / n
     except ZeroDivisionError:
-        raise ValueError
+        raise ValueError()
 "###), @r###"
     success: true
     exit_code: 0
@@ -1259,7 +1261,7 @@ def reciprocal(n):
     try:
         return 1 / n
     except ZeroDivisionError:
-        raise ValueError
+        raise ValueError()
 "###), @r###"
     success: false
     exit_code: 2
@@ -1267,7 +1269,7 @@ def reciprocal(n):
 
     ----- stderr -----
     ruff failed
-      Cause: Selection of deprecated rules is not allowed when preview mode is enabled. Remove selection of:
+      Cause: Selection of deprecated rules is not allowed when preview is enabled. Remove selection of:
     	- ANN102
     	- ANN101
 

crates/ruff_linter/src/rule_selector.rs

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ impl Visitor<'_> for SelectorVisitor {
 }
 
 impl RuleSelector {
-    /// Return all matching rules, regardless of whether they're in preview.
+    /// Return all matching rules, regardless of rule group filters like preview and deprecated.
     pub fn all_rules(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = Rule> + '_ {
         match self {
             RuleSelector::All => RuleSelectorIter::All(Rule::iter()),
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ impl RuleSelector {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Returns rules matching the selector, taking into account preview options enabled.
+    /// Returns rules matching the selector, taking into account rule groups like preview and deprecated.
     pub fn rules<'a>(&'a self, preview: &PreviewOptions) -> impl Iterator<Item = Rule> + 'a {
         let preview_enabled = preview.mode.is_enabled();
         let preview_require_explicit = preview.require_explicit;
@@ -207,16 +207,21 @@ impl RuleSelector {
             // Always include stable rules
             rule.is_stable()
             // Backwards compatibility allows selection of nursery rules by exact code or dedicated group
-            || ((matches!(self, RuleSelector::Rule { .. }) || matches!(self, RuleSelector::Nursery { .. })) && rule.is_nursery())
+            || ((self.is_exact() || matches!(self, RuleSelector::Nursery { .. })) && rule.is_nursery())
             // Enabling preview includes all preview or nursery rules unless explicit selection
             // is turned on
-            || (preview_enabled && (matches!(self, RuleSelector::Rule { .. }) || !preview_require_explicit))
+            || ((rule.is_preview() || rule.is_nursery()) && preview_enabled && (self.is_exact() || !preview_require_explicit))
             // Deprecated rules are excluded in preview mode unless explicitly selected
-            || (rule.is_deprecated() && (!preview_enabled || matches!(self, RuleSelector::Rule { .. })))
+            || (rule.is_deprecated() && (!preview_enabled || self.is_exact()))
             // Removed rules are included if explicitly selected but will error downstream
-            || (rule.is_removed() && matches!(self, RuleSelector::Rule { .. }))
+            || (rule.is_removed() && self.is_exact())
         })
     }
+
+    /// Returns true if this selector is exact i.e. selects a single rule by code
+    pub fn is_exact(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Rule { .. })
+    }
 }
 
 pub enum RuleSelectorIter {

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/tryceratops/rules/reraise_no_cause.rs

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
 ///     try:
 ///         return 1 / n
 ///     except ZeroDivisionError:
-///         raise ValueError
+///         raise ValueError()
 /// ```
 ///
 /// Use instead:
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
 ///     try:
 ///         return 1 / n
 ///     except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
-///         raise ValueError from exc
+///         raise ValueError() from exc
 /// ```
 ///
 /// ## References

crates/ruff_workspace/src/configuration.rs

@@ -902,8 +902,8 @@ impl LintConfiguration {
 
                 // Unstable rules
                 if preview.mode.is_disabled() && kind.is_enable() {
-                    if let RuleSelector::Rule { prefix, .. } = selector {
+                    if selector.is_exact() {
-                        if prefix.rules().any(|rule| rule.is_nursery()) {
+                        if selector.all_rules().all(|rule| rule.is_nursery()) {
                             deprecated_nursery_selectors.insert(selector);
                         }
                     }
@@ -915,17 +915,15 @@ impl LintConfiguration {
                 }
 
                 // Deprecated rules
-                if kind.is_enable() {
+                if kind.is_enable() && selector.is_exact() {
-                    if let RuleSelector::Rule { prefix, .. } = selector {
+                    if selector.all_rules().all(|rule| rule.is_deprecated()) {
-                        if prefix.rules().any(|rule| rule.is_deprecated()) {
+                        deprecated_selectors.insert(selector.clone());
-                            deprecated_selectors.insert(selector);
-                        }
                     }
                 }
 
                 // Removed rules
-                if let RuleSelector::Rule { prefix, .. } = selector {
+                if selector.is_exact() {
-                    if prefix.rules().any(|rule| rule.is_removed()) {
+                    if selector.all_rules().all(|rule| rule.is_removed()) {
                         removed_selectors.insert(selector);
                     }
                 }
@@ -1007,10 +1005,10 @@ impl LintConfiguration {
                 [] => (),
                 [selection] => {
                     let (prefix, code) = selection.prefix_and_code();
-                    return Err(anyhow!("Selection of deprecated rule `{prefix}{code}` is not allowed when preview mode is enabled."));
+                    return Err(anyhow!("Selection of deprecated rule `{prefix}{code}` is not allowed when preview is enabled."));
                 }
                 [..] => {
-                    let mut message = "Selection of deprecated rules is not allowed when preview mode is enabled. Remove selection of:".to_string();
+                    let mut message = "Selection of deprecated rules is not allowed when preview is enabled. Remove selection of:".to_string();
                     for selection in deprecated_selectors {
                         let (prefix, code) = selection.prefix_and_code();
                         message.push_str("\n\t- ");
@@ -1025,9 +1023,7 @@ impl LintConfiguration {
 
         for selection in ignored_preview_selectors {
             let (prefix, code) = selection.prefix_and_code();
-            warn_user!(
+            warn_user!("Selection `{prefix}{code}` has no effect because preview is not enabled.",);
-                "Selection `{prefix}{code}` has no effect because the `--preview` flag was not included.",
-            );
         }
 
         let mut rules = RuleTable::empty();