[TRIO] Add TRIO115: TrioZeroSleepCall (#8486)

## Summary

Adds `TRIO115` from the [flake8-trio
plugin](https://github.com/Zac-HD/flake8-trio).

## Test Plan

Added a new fixture, based on [the one from upstream
plugin](https://github.com/Zac-HD/flake8-trio/blob/main/tests/eval_files/trio115.py)

## Issue link

Relates to: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/8451

crates/ruff_linter/resources/test/fixtures/flake8_trio/TRIO115.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import trio
+from trio import sleep
+
+
+async def func():
+    await trio.sleep(0)  # TRIO115
+    await trio.sleep(1)  # OK
+    await trio.sleep(0, 1)  # OK
+    await trio.sleep(...)  # OK
+    await trio.sleep()  # OK
+
+    trio.sleep(0)  # TRIO115
+    foo = 0
+    trio.sleep(foo)  # TRIO115
+    trio.sleep(1)  # OK
+    time.sleep(0)  # OK
+
+    sleep(0)  # TRIO115
+
+
+trio.sleep(0)  # TRIO115
+
+
+def func():
+    trio.run(trio.sleep(0))  # TRIO115

crates/ruff_linter/src/checkers/ast/analyze/expression.rs

@@ -929,6 +929,9 @@ pub(crate) fn expression(expr: &Expr, checker: &mut Checker) {
             if checker.enabled(Rule::TrioSyncCall) {
                 flake8_trio::rules::sync_call(checker, call);
             }
+            if checker.enabled(Rule::TrioZeroSleepCall) {
+                flake8_trio::rules::zero_sleep_call(checker, call);
+            }
         }
         Expr::Dict(
             dict @ ast::ExprDict {

crates/ruff_linter/src/codes.rs

@@ -293,6 +293,7 @@ pub fn code_to_rule(linter: Linter, code: &str) -> Option<(RuleGroup, Rule)> {
         // flake8-trio
         (Flake8Trio, "100") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::flake8_trio::rules::TrioTimeoutWithoutAwait),
         (Flake8Trio, "105") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::flake8_trio::rules::TrioSyncCall),
+        (Flake8Trio, "115") => (RuleGroup::Preview, rules::flake8_trio::rules::TrioZeroSleepCall),
 
         // flake8-builtins
         (Flake8Builtins, "001") => (RuleGroup::Stable, rules::flake8_builtins::rules::BuiltinVariableShadowing),

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_trio/mod.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test_case(Rule::TrioTimeoutWithoutAwait, Path::new("TRIO100.py"))]
     #[test_case(Rule::TrioSyncCall, Path::new("TRIO105.py"))]
+    #[test_case(Rule::TrioZeroSleepCall, Path::new("TRIO115.py"))]
     fn rules(rule_code: Rule, path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
         let snapshot = format!("{}_{}", rule_code.noqa_code(), path.to_string_lossy());
         let diagnostics = test_path(

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_trio/rules/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 pub(crate) use sync_call::*;
 pub(crate) use timeout_without_await::*;
+pub(crate) use zero_sleep_call::*;
 
 mod sync_call;
 mod timeout_without_await;
+mod zero_sleep_call;

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_trio/rules/zero_sleep_call.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+use ruff_diagnostics::{AlwaysFixableViolation, Diagnostic, Edit, Fix};
+use ruff_macros::{derive_message_formats, violation};
+use ruff_python_ast::Stmt;
+use ruff_python_ast::{self as ast, Expr, ExprCall, Int};
+use ruff_text_size::Ranged;
+
+use crate::checkers::ast::Checker;
+use crate::importer::ImportRequest;
+
+/// ## What it does
+/// Checks for uses of `trio.sleep(0)`.
+///
+/// ## Why is this bad?
+/// `trio.sleep(0)` is equivalent to calling `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()`.
+/// However, the latter better conveys the intent of the code.
+///
+/// ## Example
+/// ```python
+/// async def func():
+///     await trio.sleep(0)
+/// ```
+///
+/// Use instead:
+/// ```python
+/// async def func():
+///     await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()
+/// ```
+#[violation]
+pub struct TrioZeroSleepCall;
+
+impl AlwaysFixableViolation for TrioZeroSleepCall {
+    #[derive_message_formats]
+    fn message(&self) -> String {
+        format!("Use `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()` instead of `trio.sleep(0)`")
+    }
+
+    fn fix_title(&self) -> String {
+        format!("Replace with `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()`")
+    }
+}
+
+/// TRIO115
+pub(crate) fn zero_sleep_call(checker: &mut Checker, call: &ExprCall) {
+    if !checker
+        .semantic()
+        .resolve_call_path(call.func.as_ref())
+        .is_some_and(|call_path| matches!(call_path.as_slice(), ["trio", "sleep"]))
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if call.arguments.len() != 1 {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let Some(arg) = call.arguments.find_argument("seconds", 0) else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    match arg {
+        Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral { value, .. }) => {
+            let Some(int) = value.as_int() else { return };
+            if *int != Int::ZERO {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        Expr::Name(ast::ExprName { id, .. }) => {
+            let scope = checker.semantic().current_scope();
+            if let Some(binding_id) = scope.get(id) {
+                let binding = checker.semantic().binding(binding_id);
+                if binding.kind.is_assignment() || binding.kind.is_named_expr_assignment() {
+                    if let Some(parent_id) = binding.source {
+                        let parent = checker.semantic().statement(parent_id);
+                        if let Stmt::Assign(ast::StmtAssign { value, .. })
+                        | Stmt::AnnAssign(ast::StmtAnnAssign {
+                            value: Some(value), ..
+                        })
+                        | Stmt::AugAssign(ast::StmtAugAssign { value, .. }) = parent
+                        {
+                            if let Expr::NumberLiteral(ast::ExprNumberLiteral {
+                                value: num, ..
+                            }) = value.as_ref()
+                            {
+                                let Some(int) = num.as_int() else { return };
+                                if *int != Int::ZERO {
+                                    return;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        _ => return,
+    }
+
+    let mut diagnostic = Diagnostic::new(TrioZeroSleepCall, call.range());
+    diagnostic.try_set_fix(|| {
+        let (import_edit, binding) = checker.importer().get_or_import_symbol(
+            &ImportRequest::import("trio", "lowlevel.checkpoint"),
+            call.func.start(),
+            checker.semantic(),
+        )?;
+        let reference_edit = Edit::range_replacement(binding, call.func.range());
+        let arg_edit = Edit::range_deletion(call.arguments.range);
+        Ok(Fix::safe_edits(import_edit, [reference_edit, arg_edit]))
+    });
+    checker.diagnostics.push(diagnostic);
+}

crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_trio/snapshots/ruff_linter__rules__flake8_trio__tests__TRIO115_TRIO115.py.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+---
+source: crates/ruff_linter/src/rules/flake8_trio/mod.rs
+---
+TRIO115.py:6:11: TRIO115 [*] Use `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()` instead of `trio.sleep(0)`
+  |
+5 | async def func():
+6 |     await trio.sleep(0)  # TRIO115
+  |           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ TRIO115
+7 |     await trio.sleep(1)  # OK
+8 |     await trio.sleep(0, 1)  # OK
+  |
+  = help: Replace with `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()`
+
+ℹ Fix
+3 3 | 
+4 4 | 
+5 5 | async def func():
+6   |-    await trio.sleep(0)  # TRIO115
+  6 |+    await trio.lowlevel.checkpoint  # TRIO115
+7 7 |     await trio.sleep(1)  # OK
+8 8 |     await trio.sleep(0, 1)  # OK
+9 9 |     await trio.sleep(...)  # OK
+
+TRIO115.py:12:5: TRIO115 [*] Use `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()` instead of `trio.sleep(0)`
+   |
+10 |     await trio.sleep()  # OK
+11 | 
+12 |     trio.sleep(0)  # TRIO115
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ TRIO115
+13 |     foo = 0
+14 |     trio.sleep(foo)  # TRIO115
+   |
+   = help: Replace with `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()`
+
+ℹ Fix
+9  9  |     await trio.sleep(...)  # OK
+10 10 |     await trio.sleep()  # OK
+11 11 | 
+12    |-    trio.sleep(0)  # TRIO115
+   12 |+    trio.lowlevel.checkpoint  # TRIO115
+13 13 |     foo = 0
+14 14 |     trio.sleep(foo)  # TRIO115
+15 15 |     trio.sleep(1)  # OK
+
+TRIO115.py:14:5: TRIO115 [*] Use `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()` instead of `trio.sleep(0)`
+   |
+12 |     trio.sleep(0)  # TRIO115
+13 |     foo = 0
+14 |     trio.sleep(foo)  # TRIO115
+   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ TRIO115
+15 |     trio.sleep(1)  # OK
+16 |     time.sleep(0)  # OK
+   |
+   = help: Replace with `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()`
+
+ℹ Fix
+11 11 | 
+12 12 |     trio.sleep(0)  # TRIO115
+13 13 |     foo = 0
+14    |-    trio.sleep(foo)  # TRIO115
+   14 |+    trio.lowlevel.checkpoint  # TRIO115
+15 15 |     trio.sleep(1)  # OK
+16 16 |     time.sleep(0)  # OK
+17 17 | 
+
+TRIO115.py:18:5: TRIO115 [*] Use `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()` instead of `trio.sleep(0)`
+   |
+16 |     time.sleep(0)  # OK
+17 | 
+18 |     sleep(0)  # TRIO115
+   |     ^^^^^^^^ TRIO115
+   |
+   = help: Replace with `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()`
+
+ℹ Fix
+15 15 |     trio.sleep(1)  # OK
+16 16 |     time.sleep(0)  # OK
+17 17 | 
+18    |-    sleep(0)  # TRIO115
+   18 |+    trio.lowlevel.checkpoint  # TRIO115
+19 19 | 
+20 20 | 
+21 21 | trio.sleep(0)  # TRIO115
+
+TRIO115.py:21:1: TRIO115 [*] Use `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()` instead of `trio.sleep(0)`
+   |
+21 | trio.sleep(0)  # TRIO115
+   | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ TRIO115
+   |
+   = help: Replace with `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()`
+
+ℹ Fix
+18 18 |     sleep(0)  # TRIO115
+19 19 | 
+20 20 | 
+21    |-trio.sleep(0)  # TRIO115
+   21 |+trio.lowlevel.checkpoint  # TRIO115
+22 22 | 
+23 23 | 
+24 24 | def func():
+
+TRIO115.py:25:14: TRIO115 [*] Use `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()` instead of `trio.sleep(0)`
+   |
+24 | def func():
+25 |     trio.run(trio.sleep(0))  # TRIO115
+   |              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ TRIO115
+   |
+   = help: Replace with `trio.lowlevel.checkpoint()`
+
+ℹ Fix
+22 22 | 
+23 23 | 
+24 24 | def func():
+25    |-    trio.run(trio.sleep(0))  # TRIO115
+   25 |+    trio.run(trio.lowlevel.checkpoint)  # TRIO115
+
+

ruff.schema.json

@@ -3474,6 +3474,8 @@
         "TRIO10",
         "TRIO100",
         "TRIO105",
+        "TRIO11",
+        "TRIO115",
         "TRY",
         "TRY0",
         "TRY00",