# Cycles

## Function signature

Deferred annotations can result in cycles in resolving a function signature:

```py
from __future__ import annotations

# error: [invalid-type-form]
def f(x: f):
    pass

reveal_type(f)  # revealed: def f(x: Unknown) -> Unknown
```

## Unpacking

See: <https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues/364>

```py
class Point:
    def __init__(self, x: int = 0, y: int = 0) -> None:
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

    def replace_with(self, other: "Point") -> None:
        self.x, self.y = other.x, other.y

p = Point()
reveal_type(p.x)  # revealed: Unknown | int
reveal_type(p.y)  # revealed: Unknown | int
```

## Parameter default values

This is a regression test for <https://github.com/astral-sh/ty/issues/1402>. When a parameter has a
default value that references the callable itself, we currently prevent infinite recursion by simply
falling back to `Unknown` for the type of the default value, which does not have any practical
impact except for the displayed type. We could also consider inferring `Divergent` when we encounter
too many layers of nesting (instead of just one), but that would require a type traversal which
could have performance implications. So for now, we mainly make sure not to panic or stack overflow
for these seeminly rare cases.

### Functions

```py
class C:
    def f(self: "C"):
        def inner_a(positional=self.a):
            return
        self.a = inner_a
        # revealed: def inner_a(positional=Unknown | (def inner_a(positional=Unknown) -> Unknown)) -> Unknown
        reveal_type(inner_a)

        def inner_b(*, kw_only=self.b):
            return
        self.b = inner_b
        # revealed: def inner_b(*, kw_only=Unknown | (def inner_b(*, kw_only=Unknown) -> Unknown)) -> Unknown
        reveal_type(inner_b)

        def inner_c(positional_only=self.c, /):
            return
        self.c = inner_c
        # revealed: def inner_c(positional_only=Unknown | (def inner_c(positional_only=Unknown, /) -> Unknown), /) -> Unknown
        reveal_type(inner_c)

        def inner_d(*, kw_only=self.d):
            return
        self.d = inner_d
        # revealed: def inner_d(*, kw_only=Unknown | (def inner_d(*, kw_only=Unknown) -> Unknown)) -> Unknown
        reveal_type(inner_d)
```

We do, however, still check assignability of the default value to the parameter type:

```py
class D:
    def f(self: "D"):
        # error: [invalid-parameter-default] "Default value of type `Unknown | (def inner_a(a: int = Unknown | (def inner_a(a: int = Unknown) -> Unknown)) -> Unknown)` is not assignable to annotated parameter type `int`"
        def inner_a(a: int = self.a): ...
        self.a = inner_a
```

### Lambdas

```py
class C:
    def f(self: "C"):
        self.a = lambda positional=self.a: positional
        self.b = lambda *, kw_only=self.b: kw_only
        self.c = lambda positional_only=self.c, /: positional_only
        self.d = lambda *, kw_only=self.d: kw_only

        # revealed: (positional=Unknown | ((positional=Unknown) -> Unknown)) -> Unknown
        reveal_type(self.a)

        # revealed: (*, kw_only=Unknown | ((*, kw_only=Unknown) -> Unknown)) -> Unknown
        reveal_type(self.b)

        # revealed: (positional_only=Unknown | ((positional_only=Unknown, /) -> Unknown), /) -> Unknown
        reveal_type(self.c)

        # revealed: (*, kw_only=Unknown | ((*, kw_only=Unknown) -> Unknown)) -> Unknown
        reveal_type(self.d)
```