use std::borrow::Cow;

use ruff_formatter::{format_args, write, FormatContext};
use ruff_python_ast::str::Quote;
use ruff_python_ast::str_prefix::{
    AnyStringPrefix, ByteStringPrefix, FStringPrefix, StringLiteralPrefix,
};
use ruff_python_ast::{AnyStringFlags, FStringElement, StringFlags, StringLike, StringLikePart};
use ruff_source_file::LineRanges;
use ruff_text_size::{Ranged, TextRange};

use crate::comments::{leading_comments, trailing_comments};
use crate::expression::parentheses::in_parentheses_only_soft_line_break_or_space;
use crate::other::f_string::{FStringContext, FStringLayout, FormatFString};
use crate::other::f_string_element::FormatFStringExpressionElement;
use crate::other::string_literal::StringLiteralKind;
use crate::prelude::*;
use crate::preview::{
    is_f_string_formatting_enabled, is_join_implicit_concatenated_string_enabled,
};
use crate::string::docstring::needs_chaperone_space;
use crate::string::normalize::{
    is_fstring_with_quoted_debug_expression,
    is_fstring_with_triple_quoted_literal_expression_containing_quotes, QuoteMetadata,
};
use crate::string::{normalize_string, StringLikeExtensions, StringNormalizer, StringQuotes};

/// Formats any implicitly concatenated string. This could be any valid combination
/// of string, bytes or f-string literals.
pub(crate) struct FormatImplicitConcatenatedString<'a> {
    string: StringLike<'a>,
}

impl<'a> FormatImplicitConcatenatedString<'a> {
    pub(crate) fn new(string: impl Into<StringLike<'a>>) -> Self {
        Self {
            string: string.into(),
        }
    }
}

impl Format<PyFormatContext<'_>> for FormatImplicitConcatenatedString<'_> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut PyFormatter) -> FormatResult<()> {
        let expanded = FormatImplicitConcatenatedStringExpanded::new(self.string);

        // If the string can be joined, try joining the implicit concatenated string into a single string
        // if it fits on the line. Otherwise, parenthesize the string parts and format each part on its
        // own line.
        if let Some(flat) = FormatImplicitConcatenatedStringFlat::new(self.string, f.context()) {
            write!(
                f,
                [if_group_fits_on_line(&flat), if_group_breaks(&expanded)]
            )
        } else {
            expanded.fmt(f)
        }
    }
}

/// Formats an implicit concatenated string where parts are separated by a space or line break.
pub(crate) struct FormatImplicitConcatenatedStringExpanded<'a> {
    string: StringLike<'a>,
}

impl<'a> FormatImplicitConcatenatedStringExpanded<'a> {
    pub(crate) fn new(string: StringLike<'a>) -> Self {
        assert!(string.is_implicit_concatenated());

        Self { string }
    }
}

impl Format<PyFormatContext<'_>> for FormatImplicitConcatenatedStringExpanded<'_> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<PyFormatContext<'_>>) -> FormatResult<()> {
        let comments = f.context().comments().clone();
        let quoting = self.string.quoting(f.context().source());

        let join_implicit_concatenated_string_enabled =
            is_join_implicit_concatenated_string_enabled(f.context());
        let mut joiner = f.join_with(in_parentheses_only_soft_line_break_or_space());

        for part in self.string.parts() {
            let format_part = format_with(|f: &mut PyFormatter| match part {
                StringLikePart::String(part) => {
                    let kind = if self.string.is_fstring() {
                        #[allow(deprecated)]
                        StringLiteralKind::InImplicitlyConcatenatedFString(quoting)
                    } else {
                        StringLiteralKind::String
                    };

                    part.format().with_options(kind).fmt(f)
                }
                StringLikePart::Bytes(bytes_literal) => bytes_literal.format().fmt(f),
                StringLikePart::FString(part) => FormatFString::new(part, quoting).fmt(f),
            });

            let part_comments = comments.leading_dangling_trailing(&part);
            joiner.entry(&format_args![
                (!join_implicit_concatenated_string_enabled).then_some(line_suffix_boundary()),
                leading_comments(part_comments.leading),
                format_part,
                trailing_comments(part_comments.trailing)
            ]);
        }

        joiner.finish()
    }
}

/// Formats an implicit concatenated string where parts are joined into a single string if possible.
pub(crate) struct FormatImplicitConcatenatedStringFlat<'a> {
    string: StringLike<'a>,
    flags: AnyStringFlags,
    docstring: bool,
}

impl<'a> FormatImplicitConcatenatedStringFlat<'a> {
    /// Creates a new formatter. Returns `None` if the string can't be merged into a single string.
    pub(crate) fn new(string: StringLike<'a>, context: &PyFormatContext) -> Option<Self> {
        fn merge_flags(string: StringLike, context: &PyFormatContext) -> Option<AnyStringFlags> {
            if !is_join_implicit_concatenated_string_enabled(context) {
                return None;
            }

            // Multiline strings can never fit on a single line.
            if !string.is_fstring() && string.is_multiline(context.source()) {
                return None;
            }

            let first_part = string.parts().next()?;

            // The string is either a regular string, f-string, or bytes string.
            let normalizer = StringNormalizer::from_context(context);

            // Some if a part requires preserving its quotes.
            let mut preserve_quotes_requirement: Option<Quote> = None;

            // Early exit if it's known that this string can't be joined
            for part in string.parts() {
                // Similar to Black, don't collapse triple quoted and raw strings.
                // We could technically join strings that are raw-strings and use the same quotes but lets not do this for now.
                // Joining triple quoted strings is more complicated because an
                // implicit concatenated string could become a docstring (if it's the first string in a block).
                // That means the joined string formatting would have to call into
                // the docstring formatting or otherwise guarantee that the output
                // won't change on a second run.
                if part.flags().is_triple_quoted() || part.flags().is_raw_string() {
                    return None;
                }

                // For now, preserve comments documenting a specific part over possibly
                // collapsing onto a single line. Collapsing could result in pragma comments
                // now covering more code.
                if context.comments().leading_trailing(&part).next().is_some() {
                    return None;
                }

                if let StringLikePart::FString(fstring) = part {
                    if fstring.elements.iter().any(|element| match element {
                        // Same as for other literals. Multiline literals can't fit on a single line.
                        FStringElement::Literal(literal) => {
                            context.source().contains_line_break(literal.range())
                        }
                        FStringElement::Expression(expression) => {
                            if is_f_string_formatting_enabled(context) {
                                // Expressions containing comments can't be joined.
                                context.comments().contains_comments(expression.into())
                            } else {
                                // Multiline f-string expressions can't be joined if the f-string formatting is disabled because
                                // the string gets inserted in verbatim preserving the newlines.
                                context.source().contains_line_break(expression.range())
                            }
                        }
                    }) {
                        return None;
                    }

                    // Avoid invalid syntax for pre Python 312:
                    // * When joining parts that have debug expressions with quotes: `f"{10 + len('bar')=}" f'{10 + len("bar")=}'
                    // * When joining parts that contain triple quoted strings with quotes: `f"{'''test ' '''}" f'{"""other " """}'`
                    if !context.options().target_version().supports_pep_701() {
                        if is_fstring_with_quoted_debug_expression(fstring, context)
                            || is_fstring_with_triple_quoted_literal_expression_containing_quotes(
                                fstring, context,
                            )
                        {
                            if preserve_quotes_requirement
                                .is_some_and(|quote| quote != part.flags().quote_style())
                            {
                                return None;
                            }
                            preserve_quotes_requirement = Some(part.flags().quote_style());
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // The string is either a regular string, f-string, or bytes string.
            let mut merged_quotes: Option<QuoteMetadata> = None;

            // Only preserve the string type but disregard the `u` and `r` prefixes.
            // * It's not necessary to preserve the `r` prefix because Ruff doesn't support joining raw strings (we shouldn't get here).
            // * It's not necessary to preserve the `u` prefix because Ruff discards the `u` prefix (it's meaningless in Python 3+)
            let prefix = match string {
                StringLike::String(_) => AnyStringPrefix::Regular(StringLiteralPrefix::Empty),
                StringLike::Bytes(_) => AnyStringPrefix::Bytes(ByteStringPrefix::Regular),
                StringLike::FString(_) => AnyStringPrefix::Format(FStringPrefix::Regular),
            };

            // Only determining the preferred quote for the first string is sufficient
            // because we don't support joining triple quoted strings with non triple quoted strings.
            let quote = if let Ok(preferred_quote) =
                Quote::try_from(normalizer.preferred_quote_style(first_part))
            {
                for part in string.parts() {
                    let part_quote_metadata =
                        QuoteMetadata::from_part(part, context, preferred_quote);

                    if let Some(merged) = merged_quotes.as_mut() {
                        *merged = part_quote_metadata.merge(merged)?;
                    } else {
                        merged_quotes = Some(part_quote_metadata);
                    }
                }

                merged_quotes?.choose(preferred_quote)
            } else {
                // Use the quotes of the first part if the quotes should be preserved.
                first_part.flags().quote_style()
            };

            Some(AnyStringFlags::new(prefix, quote, false))
        }

        if !string.is_implicit_concatenated() {
            return None;
        }

        Some(Self {
            flags: merge_flags(string, context)?,
            string,
            docstring: false,
        })
    }

    pub(crate) fn set_docstring(&mut self, is_docstring: bool) {
        self.docstring = is_docstring;
    }

    pub(crate) fn string(&self) -> StringLike<'a> {
        self.string
    }
}

impl Format<PyFormatContext<'_>> for FormatImplicitConcatenatedStringFlat<'_> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<PyFormatContext<'_>>) -> FormatResult<()> {
        // Merges all string parts into a single string.
        let quotes = StringQuotes::from(self.flags);

        write!(f, [self.flags.prefix(), quotes])?;

        let mut parts = self.string.parts().peekable();

        // Trim implicit concatenated strings in docstring positions.
        // Skip over any trailing parts that are all whitespace.
        // Leading parts are handled as part of the formatting loop below.
        if self.docstring {
            for part in self.string.parts().rev() {
                assert!(part.is_string_literal());

                if f.context().source()[part.content_range()].trim().is_empty() {
                    // Don't format the part.
                    parts.next_back();
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        let mut first_non_empty = self.docstring;

        while let Some(part) = parts.next() {
            match part {
                StringLikePart::String(_) | StringLikePart::Bytes(_) => {
                    FormatLiteralContent {
                        range: part.content_range(),
                        flags: self.flags,
                        is_fstring: false,
                        trim_start: first_non_empty && self.docstring,
                        trim_end: self.docstring && parts.peek().is_none(),
                    }
                    .fmt(f)?;

                    if first_non_empty {
                        first_non_empty = f.context().source()[part.content_range()]
                            .trim_start()
                            .is_empty();
                    }
                }

                StringLikePart::FString(f_string) => {
                    if is_f_string_formatting_enabled(f.context()) {
                        for element in &f_string.elements {
                            match element {
                                FStringElement::Literal(literal) => {
                                    FormatLiteralContent {
                                        range: literal.range(),
                                        flags: self.flags,
                                        is_fstring: true,
                                        trim_end: false,
                                        trim_start: false,
                                    }
                                    .fmt(f)?;
                                }
                                // Formatting the expression here and in the expanded version is safe **only**
                                // because we assert that the f-string never contains any comments.
                                FStringElement::Expression(expression) => {
                                    let context = FStringContext::new(
                                        self.flags,
                                        FStringLayout::from_f_string(
                                            f_string,
                                            f.context().source(),
                                        ),
                                    );

                                    FormatFStringExpressionElement::new(expression, context)
                                        .fmt(f)?;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        FormatLiteralContent {
                            range: part.content_range(),
                            flags: self.flags,
                            is_fstring: true,
                            trim_end: false,
                            trim_start: false,
                        }
                        .fmt(f)?;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        quotes.fmt(f)
    }
}

struct FormatLiteralContent {
    range: TextRange,
    flags: AnyStringFlags,
    is_fstring: bool,
    trim_start: bool,
    trim_end: bool,
}

impl Format<PyFormatContext<'_>> for FormatLiteralContent {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut PyFormatter) -> FormatResult<()> {
        let content = &f.context().source()[self.range];
        let mut normalized = normalize_string(
            content,
            0,
            self.flags,
            self.flags.is_f_string() && !self.is_fstring,
            // TODO: Remove the argument from `normalize_string` when promoting the `is_f_string_formatting_enabled` preview style.
            self.flags.is_f_string() && !is_f_string_formatting_enabled(f.context()),
            is_f_string_formatting_enabled(f.context()),
        );

        // Trim the start and end of the string if it's the first or last part of a docstring.
        // This is rare, so don't bother with optimizing to use `Cow`.
        if self.trim_start {
            let trimmed = normalized.trim_start();
            if trimmed.len() < normalized.len() {
                normalized = trimmed.to_string().into();
            }
        }

        if self.trim_end {
            let trimmed = normalized.trim_end();
            if trimmed.len() < normalized.len() {
                normalized = trimmed.to_string().into();
            }
        }

        if !normalized.is_empty() {
            match &normalized {
                Cow::Borrowed(_) => source_text_slice(self.range).fmt(f)?,
                Cow::Owned(normalized) => text(normalized).fmt(f)?,
            }

            if self.trim_end && needs_chaperone_space(self.flags, &normalized, f.context()) {
                space().fmt(f)?;
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}