Handle impl Trait more correctly

When calling a function, argument-position impl Trait is transparent; same for
return-position impl Trait when inside the function. So in these cases, we need
to represent that type not by `Ty::Opaque`, but by a type variable that can be
unified with whatever flows into there.

crates/ra_hir_ty/src/infer.rs

@@ -274,6 +274,28 @@ impl<'a, D: HirDatabase> InferenceContext<'a, D> {
         self.normalize_associated_types_in(ty)
     }
 
+    /// Replaces `impl Trait` in `ty` by type variables and obligations for
+    /// those variables. This is done for function arguments when calling a
+    /// function, and for return types when inside the function body, i.e. in
+    /// the cases where the `impl Trait` is 'transparent'. In other cases, `impl
+    /// Trait` is represented by `Ty::Opaque`.
+    fn insert_vars_for_impl_trait(&mut self, ty: Ty) -> Ty {
+        ty.fold(&mut |ty| match ty {
+            Ty::Opaque(preds) => {
+                let var = self.table.new_type_var();
+                let var_subst = Substs::builder(1).push(var.clone()).build();
+                self.obligations.extend(
+                    preds
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|pred| pred.clone().subst_bound_vars(&var_subst))
+                        .filter_map(Obligation::from_predicate),
+                );
+                var
+            }
+            _ => ty,
+        })
+    }
+
     /// Replaces Ty::Unknown by a new type var, so we can maybe still infer it.
     fn insert_type_vars_shallow(&mut self, ty: Ty) -> Ty {
         match ty {
@@ -414,7 +436,8 @@ impl<'a, D: HirDatabase> InferenceContext<'a, D> {
 
             self.infer_pat(*pat, &ty, BindingMode::default());
         }
-        self.return_ty = self.make_ty(&data.ret_type);
+        let return_ty = self.make_ty(&data.ret_type);
+        self.return_ty = self.insert_vars_for_impl_trait(return_ty);
     }
 
     fn infer_body(&mut self) {

crates/ra_hir_ty/src/infer/expr.rs

@@ -613,6 +613,7 @@ impl<'a, D: HirDatabase> InferenceContext<'a, D> {
                     continue;
                 }
 
+                let param_ty = self.insert_vars_for_impl_trait(param_ty);
                 let param_ty = self.normalize_associated_types_in(param_ty);
                 self.infer_expr_coerce(arg, &Expectation::has_type(param_ty.clone()));
             }

crates/ra_hir_ty/src/tests/traits.rs

@@ -1509,6 +1509,37 @@ fn test() -> impl Trait<i32> {
 }
 "#, true),
         @r###"
+    [27; 28) 'x': impl Trait<u32>
+    [47; 58) '{ loop {} }': ()
+    [49; 56) 'loop {}': !
+    [54; 56) '{}': ()
+    [69; 70) 'x': impl Trait<T>
+    [92; 103) '{ loop {} }': T
+    [94; 101) 'loop {}': !
+    [99; 101) '{}': ()
+    [172; 183) '{ loop {} }': T
+    [174; 181) 'loop {}': !
+    [179; 181) '{}': ()
+    [214; 310) '{     ...t()) }': S<i32>
+    [224; 226) 's1': S<u32>
+    [229; 230) 'S': S<u32>(T) -> S<T>
+    [229; 241) 'S(default())': S<u32>
+    [231; 238) 'default': fn default<u32>() -> T
+    [231; 240) 'default()': u32
+    [247; 250) 'foo': fn foo(impl Trait<u32>) -> ()
+    [247; 254) 'foo(s1)': ()
+    [251; 253) 's1': S<u32>
+    [264; 265) 'x': i32
+    [273; 276) 'bar': fn bar<i32>(impl Trait<T>) -> T
+    [273; 290) 'bar(S(...lt()))': i32
+    [277; 278) 'S': S<i32>(T) -> S<T>
+    [277; 289) 'S(default())': S<i32>
+    [279; 286) 'default': fn default<i32>() -> T
+    [279; 288) 'default()': i32
+    [296; 297) 'S': S<i32>(T) -> S<T>
+    [296; 308) 'S(default())': S<i32>
+    [298; 305) 'default': fn default<i32>() -> T
+    [298; 307) 'default()': i32
     "###
     );
 }