this makes three changes:
- all callsites of `toolchain::command` are changed to use
`command(path, extra_env)`, instead of manually adding the env after
the fact.
- all `map<str, str>` are changed to `map<str, option<str>>`.
- `command` checks for None and calls `env_remove` if so.
this caught several places where environment variables weren't being
propagated:
- when running `rustc --print=target-libdir`
- when running `cargo rustc -- --print=target-spec-json`
- when running the custom DiscoverLinkedProjects config. I *think* this
is for use with non-cargo build systems, so I didn't change it.
`get_path_for_executable` will now first check `$CARGO_HOME` before falling back to searching `$PATH`.
rustup is the recommended way to manage rust toolchains, therefore should be picked before the
system toolchain.
* There are a few needless borrows that don't seem to be needed. I even did a quick assembly comparison and posted a q to stackoveflow on it. See [here](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/74910196/advantages-of-pass-by-ref-val-with-impl-intoiteratoritem-impl-asrefstr)
* removed several `let _ = ...` when they don't look necessary (even a few ones that were not suggested by clippy (?))
* there were a few `then(|| ctor{})` that clippy suggested to replace with `then_some(ctor{})` -- seems reasonable?
* some unneeded assignment+return - keep the code a bit leaner
* a few `writeln!` instead of `write!`, or even consolidate write!
* a nice optimization to use `ch.is_ascii_digit` instead of `ch.is_digit(10)`
