slint/internal/core/graphics/brush.rs

// Copyright © SixtyFPS GmbH <info@slint.dev>
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Slint-Royalty-free-2.0 OR LicenseRef-Slint-Software-3.0

/*!
This module contains brush related types for the run-time library.
*/

use super::Color;
use crate::properties::InterpolatedPropertyValue;
use crate::SharedVector;
use euclid::default::{Point2D, Size2D};

#[cfg(not(feature = "std"))]
use num_traits::float::Float;

/// A brush is a data structure that is used to describe how
/// a shape, such as a rectangle, path or even text, shall be filled.
/// A brush can also be applied to the outline of a shape, that means
/// the fill of the outline itself.
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug, derive_more::From)]
#[repr(C)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum Brush {
    /// The color variant of brush is a plain color that is to be used for the fill.
    SolidColor(Color),
    /// The linear gradient variant of a brush describes the gradient stops for a fill
    /// where all color stops are along a line that's rotated by the specified angle.
    LinearGradient(LinearGradientBrush),
    /// The radial gradient variant of a brush describes a circle variant centered
    /// in the middle
    RadialGradient(RadialGradientBrush),
}

/// Construct a brush with transparent color
impl Default for Brush {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self::SolidColor(Color::default())
    }
}

impl Brush {
    /// If the brush is SolidColor, the contained color is returned.
    /// If the brush is a LinearGradient, the color of the first stop is returned.
    pub fn color(&self) -> Color {
        match self {
            Brush::SolidColor(col) => *col,
            Brush::LinearGradient(gradient) => {
                gradient.stops().next().map(|stop| stop.color).unwrap_or_default()
            }
            Brush::RadialGradient(gradient) => {
                gradient.stops().next().map(|stop| stop.color).unwrap_or_default()
            }
        }
    }

    /// Returns true if this brush contains a fully transparent color (alpha value is zero)
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use i_slint_core::graphics::*;
    /// assert!(Brush::default().is_transparent());
    /// assert!(Brush::SolidColor(Color::from_argb_u8(0, 255, 128, 140)).is_transparent());
    /// assert!(!Brush::SolidColor(Color::from_argb_u8(25, 128, 140, 210)).is_transparent());
    /// ```
    pub fn is_transparent(&self) -> bool {
        match self {
            Brush::SolidColor(c) => c.alpha() == 0,
            Brush::LinearGradient(_) => false,
            Brush::RadialGradient(_) => false,
        }
    }

    /// Returns true if this brush is fully opaque
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # use i_slint_core::graphics::*;
    /// assert!(!Brush::default().is_opaque());
    /// assert!(!Brush::SolidColor(Color::from_argb_u8(25, 255, 128, 140)).is_opaque());
    /// assert!(Brush::SolidColor(Color::from_rgb_u8(128, 140, 210)).is_opaque());
    /// ```
    pub fn is_opaque(&self) -> bool {
        match self {
            Brush::SolidColor(c) => c.alpha() == 255,
            Brush::LinearGradient(g) => g.stops().all(|s| s.color.alpha() == 255),
            Brush::RadialGradient(g) => g.stops().all(|s| s.color.alpha() == 255),
        }
    }

    /// Returns a new version of this brush that has the brightness increased
    /// by the specified factor. This is done by calling [`Color::brighter`] on
    /// all the colors of this brush.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn brighter(&self, factor: f32) -> Self {
        match self {
            Brush::SolidColor(c) => Brush::SolidColor(c.brighter(factor)),
            Brush::LinearGradient(g) => Brush::LinearGradient(LinearGradientBrush::new(
                g.angle(),
                g.stops().map(|s| GradientStop {
                    color: s.color.brighter(factor),
                    position: s.position,
                }),
            )),
            Brush::RadialGradient(g) => {
                Brush::RadialGradient(RadialGradientBrush::new_circle(g.stops().map(|s| {
                    GradientStop { color: s.color.brighter(factor), position: s.position }
                })))
            }
        }
    }

    /// Returns a new version of this brush that has the brightness decreased
    /// by the specified factor. This is done by calling [`Color::darker`] on
    /// all the color of this brush.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn darker(&self, factor: f32) -> Self {
        match self {
            Brush::SolidColor(c) => Brush::SolidColor(c.darker(factor)),
            Brush::LinearGradient(g) => Brush::LinearGradient(LinearGradientBrush::new(
                g.angle(),
                g.stops()
                    .map(|s| GradientStop { color: s.color.darker(factor), position: s.position }),
            )),
            Brush::RadialGradient(g) => Brush::RadialGradient(RadialGradientBrush::new_circle(
                g.stops()
                    .map(|s| GradientStop { color: s.color.darker(factor), position: s.position }),
            )),
        }
    }

    /// Returns a new version of this brush with the opacity decreased by `factor`.
    ///
    /// The transparency is obtained by multiplying the alpha channel by `(1 - factor)`.
    ///
    /// See also [`Color::transparentize`]
    #[must_use]
    pub fn transparentize(&self, amount: f32) -> Self {
        match self {
            Brush::SolidColor(c) => Brush::SolidColor(c.transparentize(amount)),
            Brush::LinearGradient(g) => Brush::LinearGradient(LinearGradientBrush::new(
                g.angle(),
                g.stops().map(|s| GradientStop {
                    color: s.color.transparentize(amount),
                    position: s.position,
                }),
            )),
            Brush::RadialGradient(g) => {
                Brush::RadialGradient(RadialGradientBrush::new_circle(g.stops().map(|s| {
                    GradientStop { color: s.color.transparentize(amount), position: s.position }
                })))
            }
        }
    }

    /// Returns a new version of this brush with the related color's opacities
    /// set to `alpha`.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn with_alpha(&self, alpha: f32) -> Self {
        match self {
            Brush::SolidColor(c) => Brush::SolidColor(c.with_alpha(alpha)),
            Brush::LinearGradient(g) => Brush::LinearGradient(LinearGradientBrush::new(
                g.angle(),
                g.stops().map(|s| GradientStop {
                    color: s.color.with_alpha(alpha),
                    position: s.position,
                }),
            )),
            Brush::RadialGradient(g) => {
                Brush::RadialGradient(RadialGradientBrush::new_circle(g.stops().map(|s| {
                    GradientStop { color: s.color.with_alpha(alpha), position: s.position }
                })))
            }
        }
    }
}

/// The LinearGradientBrush describes a way of filling a shape with different colors, which
/// are interpolated between different stops. The colors are aligned with a line that's rotated
/// by the LinearGradient's angle.
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct LinearGradientBrush(SharedVector<GradientStop>);

impl LinearGradientBrush {
    /// Creates a new linear gradient, described by the specified angle and the provided color stops.
    ///
    /// The angle need to be specified in degrees.
    /// The stops don't need to be sorted as this function will sort them.
    pub fn new(angle: f32, stops: impl IntoIterator<Item = GradientStop>) -> Self {
        let stop_iter = stops.into_iter();
        let mut encoded_angle_and_stops = SharedVector::with_capacity(stop_iter.size_hint().0 + 1);
        // The gradient's first stop is a fake stop to store the angle
        encoded_angle_and_stops.push(GradientStop { color: Default::default(), position: angle });
        encoded_angle_and_stops.extend(stop_iter);
        Self(encoded_angle_and_stops)
    }
    /// Returns the angle of the linear gradient in degrees.
    pub fn angle(&self) -> f32 {
        self.0[0].position
    }
    /// Returns the color stops of the linear gradient.
    /// The stops are sorted by positions.
    pub fn stops(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &GradientStop> {
        // skip the first fake stop that just contains the angle
        self.0.iter().skip(1)
    }
}

/// The RadialGradientBrush describes a way of filling a shape with a circular gradient
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct RadialGradientBrush(SharedVector<GradientStop>);

impl RadialGradientBrush {
    /// Creates a new circle radial gradient, centered in the middle and described
    /// by the provided color stops.
    pub fn new_circle(stops: impl IntoIterator<Item = GradientStop>) -> Self {
        Self(stops.into_iter().collect())
    }
    /// Returns the color stops of the linear gradient.
    pub fn stops(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &GradientStop> {
        self.0.iter()
    }
}

/// GradientStop describes a single color stop in a gradient. The colors between multiple
/// stops are interpolated.
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
pub struct GradientStop {
    /// The color to draw at this stop.
    pub color: Color,
    /// The position of this stop on the entire shape, as a normalized value between 0 and 1.
    pub position: f32,
}

/// Returns the start / end points of a gradient within a rectangle of the given size, based on the angle (in degree).
pub fn line_for_angle(angle: f32, size: Size2D<f32>) -> (Point2D<f32>, Point2D<f32>) {
    let angle = (angle + 90.).to_radians();
    let (s, c) = angle.sin_cos();

    let (a, b) = if s.abs() < f32::EPSILON {
        let y = size.height / 2.;
        return if c < 0. {
            (Point2D::new(0., y), Point2D::new(size.width, y))
        } else {
            (Point2D::new(size.width, y), Point2D::new(0., y))
        };
    } else if c * s < 0. {
        // Intersection between the gradient line, and an orthogonal line that goes through (height, 0)
        let x = (s * size.width + c * size.height) * s / 2.;
        let y = -c * x / s + size.height;
        (Point2D::new(x, y), Point2D::new(size.width - x, size.height - y))
    } else {
        // Intersection between the gradient line, and an orthogonal line that goes through (0, 0)
        let x = (s * size.width - c * size.height) * s / 2.;
        let y = -c * x / s;
        (Point2D::new(size.width - x, size.height - y), Point2D::new(x, y))
    };

    if s > 0. {
        (a, b)
    } else {
        (b, a)
    }
}

impl InterpolatedPropertyValue for Brush {
    fn interpolate(&self, target_value: &Self, t: f32) -> Self {
        match (self, target_value) {
            (Brush::SolidColor(source_col), Brush::SolidColor(target_col)) => {
                Brush::SolidColor(source_col.interpolate(target_col, t))
            }
            (Brush::SolidColor(col), Brush::LinearGradient(grad)) => {
                let mut new_grad = grad.clone();
                for x in new_grad.0.make_mut_slice().iter_mut().skip(1) {
                    x.color = col.interpolate(&x.color, t);
                }
                Brush::LinearGradient(new_grad)
            }
            (a @ Brush::LinearGradient(_), b @ Brush::SolidColor(_)) => {
                Self::interpolate(b, a, 1. - t)
            }
            (Brush::LinearGradient(lhs), Brush::LinearGradient(rhs)) => {
                if lhs.0.len() < rhs.0.len() {
                    Self::interpolate(target_value, self, 1. - t)
                } else {
                    let mut new_grad = lhs.clone();
                    let mut iter = new_grad.0.make_mut_slice().iter_mut();
                    {
                        let angle = &mut iter.next().unwrap().position;
                        *angle = angle.interpolate(&rhs.angle(), t);
                    }
                    for s2 in rhs.stops() {
                        let s1 = iter.next().unwrap();
                        s1.color = s1.color.interpolate(&s2.color, t);
                        s1.position = s1.position.interpolate(&s2.position, t);
                    }
                    for x in iter {
                        x.position = x.position.interpolate(&1.0, t);
                    }
                    Brush::LinearGradient(new_grad)
                }
            }
            (Brush::SolidColor(col), Brush::RadialGradient(grad)) => {
                let mut new_grad = grad.clone();
                for x in new_grad.0.make_mut_slice().iter_mut() {
                    x.color = col.interpolate(&x.color, t);
                }
                Brush::RadialGradient(new_grad)
            }
            (a @ Brush::RadialGradient(_), b @ Brush::SolidColor(_)) => {
                Self::interpolate(b, a, 1. - t)
            }
            (Brush::RadialGradient(lhs), Brush::RadialGradient(rhs)) => {
                if lhs.0.len() < rhs.0.len() {
                    Self::interpolate(target_value, self, 1. - t)
                } else {
                    let mut new_grad = lhs.clone();
                    let mut iter = new_grad.0.make_mut_slice().iter_mut();
                    let mut last_color = Color::default();
                    for s2 in rhs.stops() {
                        let s1 = iter.next().unwrap();
                        last_color = s2.color;
                        s1.color = s1.color.interpolate(&s2.color, t);
                        s1.position = s1.position.interpolate(&s2.position, t);
                    }
                    for x in iter {
                        x.position = x.position.interpolate(&1.0, t);
                        x.color = x.color.interpolate(&last_color, t);
                    }
                    Brush::RadialGradient(new_grad)
                }
            }
            (a @ Brush::LinearGradient(_), b @ Brush::RadialGradient(_))
            | (a @ Brush::RadialGradient(_), b @ Brush::LinearGradient(_)) => {
                // Just go to an intermediate color.
                let color = Color::interpolate(&b.color(), &a.color(), t);
                if t < 0.5 {
                    Self::interpolate(a, &Brush::SolidColor(color), t * 2.)
                } else {
                    Self::interpolate(&Brush::SolidColor(color), b, (t - 0.5) * 2.)
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

#[test]
#[allow(clippy::float_cmp)] // We want bit-wise equality here
fn test_linear_gradient_encoding() {
    let stops: SharedVector<GradientStop> = [
        GradientStop { position: 0.0, color: Color::from_argb_u8(255, 255, 0, 0) },
        GradientStop { position: 0.5, color: Color::from_argb_u8(255, 0, 255, 0) },
        GradientStop { position: 1.0, color: Color::from_argb_u8(255, 0, 0, 255) },
    ]
    .into();
    let grad = LinearGradientBrush::new(256., stops.clone());
    assert_eq!(grad.angle(), 256.);
    assert!(grad.stops().eq(stops.iter()));
}