diff --git a/ast/Cargo.toml b/ast/Cargo.toml
index bb280f4..5de211d 100644
--- a/ast/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ast/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ license = "MIT"
 default = ["constant-optimization", "fold"]
 constant-optimization = ["fold"]
 fold = []
-unparse = ["rustpython-common"]
+unparse = ["rustpython-literal"]
 
 [dependencies]
 rustpython-compiler-core = { path = "../core", version = "0.2.0" }
-rustpython-common = { path = "../../common", version = "0.2.0", optional = true }
+rustpython-literal = { path = "../literal", version = "0.2.0", optional = true }
 
 num-bigint = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/ast/src/constant.rs b/ast/src/constant.rs
index d81d7fb..3514e52 100644
--- a/ast/src/constant.rs
+++ b/ast/src/constant.rs
@@ -35,17 +35,17 @@ impl From<BigInt> for Constant {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(feature = "rustpython-common")]
+#[cfg(feature = "rustpython-literal")]
 impl std::fmt::Display for Constant {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         match self {
             Constant::None => f.pad("None"),
             Constant::Bool(b) => f.pad(if *b { "True" } else { "False" }),
-            Constant::Str(s) => rustpython_common::escape::UnicodeEscape::new_repr(s.as_str())
+            Constant::Str(s) => rustpython_literal::escape::UnicodeEscape::new_repr(s.as_str())
                 .str_repr()
                 .write(f),
             Constant::Bytes(b) => {
-                let escape = rustpython_common::escape::AsciiEscape::new_repr(b);
+                let escape = rustpython_literal::escape::AsciiEscape::new_repr(b);
                 let repr = escape.bytes_repr().to_string().unwrap();
                 f.pad(&repr)
             }
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Display for Constant {
                     f.write_str(")")
                 }
             }
-            Constant::Float(fp) => f.pad(&rustpython_common::float_ops::to_string(*fp)),
+            Constant::Float(fp) => f.pad(&rustpython_literal::float::to_string(*fp)),
             Constant::Complex { real, imag } => {
                 if *real == 0.0 {
                     write!(f, "{imag}j")
diff --git a/ast/src/unparse.rs b/ast/src/unparse.rs
index e7e1bce..40570fc 100644
--- a/ast/src/unparse.rs
+++ b/ast/src/unparse.rs
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ impl<'a> Unparser<'a> {
         } else {
             self.p("f")?;
             let body = to_string_fmt(|f| Unparser::new(f).unparse_fstring_body(values, is_spec));
-            rustpython_common::escape::UnicodeEscape::new_repr(&body)
+            rustpython_literal::escape::UnicodeEscape::new_repr(&body)
                 .str_repr()
                 .write(&mut self.f)
         }
diff --git a/literal/Cargo.toml b/literal/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7afa9db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/literal/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[package]
+name = "rustpython-literal"
+version = "0.2.0"
+description = "Common literal handling utilities mostly useful for unparse and repr."
+authors = ["RustPython Team"]
+edition = "2021"
+repository = "https://github.com/RustPython/RustPython"
+license = "MIT"
+
+[dependencies]
+num-traits = { workspace = true }
+
+hexf-parse = "0.2.1"
+lexical-parse-float = { version = "0.8.0", features = ["format"] }
+unic-ucd-category = "0.9"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+rand = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/literal/src/char.rs b/literal/src/char.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd64f6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/literal/src/char.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+use unic_ucd_category::GeneralCategory;
+
+/// According to python following categories aren't printable:
+/// * Cc (Other, Control)
+/// * Cf (Other, Format)
+/// * Cs (Other, Surrogate)
+/// * Co (Other, Private Use)
+/// * Cn (Other, Not Assigned)
+/// * Zl Separator, Line ('\u2028', LINE SEPARATOR)
+/// * Zp Separator, Paragraph ('\u2029', PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR)
+/// * Zs (Separator, Space) other than ASCII space('\x20').
+pub fn is_printable(c: char) -> bool {
+    let cat = GeneralCategory::of(c);
+    !(cat.is_other() || cat.is_separator())
+}
diff --git a/literal/src/escape.rs b/literal/src/escape.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de7a514
--- /dev/null
+++ b/literal/src/escape.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum Quote {
+    Single,
+    Double,
+}
+
+impl Quote {
+    #[inline]
+    pub const fn swap(self) -> Quote {
+        match self {
+            Quote::Single => Quote::Double,
+            Quote::Double => Quote::Single,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub const fn to_byte(&self) -> u8 {
+        match self {
+            Quote::Single => b'\'',
+            Quote::Double => b'"',
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub const fn to_char(&self) -> char {
+        match self {
+            Quote::Single => '\'',
+            Quote::Double => '"',
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct EscapeLayout {
+    pub quote: Quote,
+    pub len: Option<usize>,
+}
+
+pub trait Escape {
+    fn source_len(&self) -> usize;
+    fn layout(&self) -> &EscapeLayout;
+    fn changed(&self) -> bool {
+        self.layout().len != Some(self.source_len())
+    }
+
+    fn write_source(&self, formatter: &mut impl std::fmt::Write) -> std::fmt::Result;
+    fn write_body_slow(&self, formatter: &mut impl std::fmt::Write) -> std::fmt::Result;
+    fn write_body(&self, formatter: &mut impl std::fmt::Write) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        if self.changed() {
+            self.write_body_slow(formatter)
+        } else {
+            self.write_source(formatter)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Returns the outer quotes to use and the number of quotes that need to be
+/// escaped.
+pub(crate) const fn choose_quote(
+    single_count: usize,
+    double_count: usize,
+    preferred_quote: Quote,
+) -> (Quote, usize) {
+    let (primary_count, secondary_count) = match preferred_quote {
+        Quote::Single => (single_count, double_count),
+        Quote::Double => (double_count, single_count),
+    };
+
+    // always use primary unless we have primary but no seconday
+    let use_secondary = primary_count > 0 && secondary_count == 0;
+    if use_secondary {
+        (preferred_quote.swap(), secondary_count)
+    } else {
+        (preferred_quote, primary_count)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct UnicodeEscape<'a> {
+    source: &'a str,
+    layout: EscapeLayout,
+}
+
+impl<'a> UnicodeEscape<'a> {
+    pub fn with_forced_quote(source: &'a str, quote: Quote) -> Self {
+        let layout = EscapeLayout { quote, len: None };
+        Self { source, layout }
+    }
+    pub fn new_repr(source: &'a str) -> Self {
+        let layout = Self::repr_layout(source, Quote::Single);
+        Self { source, layout }
+    }
+
+    pub fn str_repr<'r>(&'a self) -> StrRepr<'r, 'a> {
+        StrRepr(self)
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct StrRepr<'r, 'a>(&'r UnicodeEscape<'a>);
+
+impl StrRepr<'_, '_> {
+    pub fn write(&self, formatter: &mut impl std::fmt::Write) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let quote = self.0.layout().quote.to_char();
+        formatter.write_char(quote)?;
+        self.0.write_body(formatter)?;
+        formatter.write_char(quote)
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_string(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        let mut s = String::with_capacity(self.0.layout().len?);
+        self.write(&mut s).unwrap();
+        Some(s)
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for StrRepr<'_, '_> {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        self.write(formatter)
+    }
+}
+
+impl UnicodeEscape<'_> {
+    const REPR_RESERVED_LEN: usize = 2; // for quotes
+
+    pub fn repr_layout(source: &str, preferred_quote: Quote) -> EscapeLayout {
+        Self::output_layout_with_checker(source, preferred_quote, |a, b| {
+            Some((a as isize).checked_add(b as isize)? as usize)
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn output_layout_with_checker(
+        source: &str,
+        preferred_quote: Quote,
+        length_add: impl Fn(usize, usize) -> Option<usize>,
+    ) -> EscapeLayout {
+        let mut out_len = Self::REPR_RESERVED_LEN;
+        let mut single_count = 0;
+        let mut double_count = 0;
+
+        for ch in source.chars() {
+            let incr = match ch {
+                '\'' => {
+                    single_count += 1;
+                    1
+                }
+                '"' => {
+                    double_count += 1;
+                    1
+                }
+                c => Self::escaped_char_len(c),
+            };
+            let Some(new_len) = length_add(out_len, incr) else {
+                #[cold]
+                fn stop(single_count: usize, double_count: usize, preferred_quote: Quote) -> EscapeLayout {
+                    EscapeLayout { quote: choose_quote(single_count, double_count, preferred_quote).0, len: None }
+                }
+                return stop(single_count, double_count, preferred_quote);
+            };
+            out_len = new_len;
+        }
+
+        let (quote, num_escaped_quotes) = choose_quote(single_count, double_count, preferred_quote);
+        // we'll be adding backslashes in front of the existing inner quotes
+        let Some(out_len) = length_add(out_len, num_escaped_quotes) else {
+            return EscapeLayout { quote, len: None };
+        };
+
+        EscapeLayout {
+            quote,
+            len: Some(out_len - Self::REPR_RESERVED_LEN),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn escaped_char_len(ch: char) -> usize {
+        match ch {
+            '\\' | '\t' | '\r' | '\n' => 2,
+            ch if ch < ' ' || ch as u32 == 0x7f => 4, // \xHH
+            ch if ch.is_ascii() => 1,
+            ch if crate::char::is_printable(ch) => {
+                // max = std::cmp::max(ch, max);
+                ch.len_utf8()
+            }
+            ch if (ch as u32) < 0x100 => 4,   // \xHH
+            ch if (ch as u32) < 0x10000 => 6, // \uHHHH
+            _ => 10,                          // \uHHHHHHHH
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn write_char(
+        ch: char,
+        quote: Quote,
+        formatter: &mut impl std::fmt::Write,
+    ) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match ch {
+            '\n' => formatter.write_str("\\n"),
+            '\t' => formatter.write_str("\\t"),
+            '\r' => formatter.write_str("\\r"),
+            // these 2 branches *would* be handled below, but we shouldn't have to do a
+            // unicodedata lookup just for ascii characters
+            '\x20'..='\x7e' => {
+                // printable ascii range
+                if ch == quote.to_char() || ch == '\\' {
+                    formatter.write_char('\\')?;
+                }
+                formatter.write_char(ch)
+            }
+            ch if ch.is_ascii() => {
+                write!(formatter, "\\x{:02x}", ch as u8)
+            }
+            ch if crate::char::is_printable(ch) => formatter.write_char(ch),
+            '\0'..='\u{ff}' => {
+                write!(formatter, "\\x{:02x}", ch as u32)
+            }
+            '\0'..='\u{ffff}' => {
+                write!(formatter, "\\u{:04x}", ch as u32)
+            }
+            _ => {
+                write!(formatter, "\\U{:08x}", ch as u32)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Escape for UnicodeEscape<'a> {
+    fn source_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.source.len()
+    }
+
+    fn layout(&self) -> &EscapeLayout {
+        &self.layout
+    }
+
+    fn write_source(&self, formatter: &mut impl std::fmt::Write) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str(self.source)
+    }
+
+    #[cold]
+    fn write_body_slow(&self, formatter: &mut impl std::fmt::Write) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        for ch in self.source.chars() {
+            Self::write_char(ch, self.layout().quote, formatter)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod unicode_escapse_tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn changed() {
+        fn test(s: &str) -> bool {
+            UnicodeEscape::new_repr(s).changed()
+        }
+        assert!(!test("hello"));
+        assert!(!test("'hello'"));
+        assert!(!test("\"hello\""));
+
+        assert!(test("'\"hello"));
+        assert!(test("hello\n"));
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct AsciiEscape<'a> {
+    source: &'a [u8],
+    layout: EscapeLayout,
+}
+
+impl<'a> AsciiEscape<'a> {
+    pub fn new(source: &'a [u8], layout: EscapeLayout) -> Self {
+        Self { source, layout }
+    }
+    pub fn with_forced_quote(source: &'a [u8], quote: Quote) -> Self {
+        let layout = EscapeLayout { quote, len: None };
+        Self { source, layout }
+    }
+    pub fn new_repr(source: &'a [u8]) -> Self {
+        let layout = Self::repr_layout(source, Quote::Single);
+        Self { source, layout }
+    }
+
+    pub fn bytes_repr<'r>(&'a self) -> BytesRepr<'r, 'a> {
+        BytesRepr(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsciiEscape<'_> {
+    pub fn repr_layout(source: &[u8], preferred_quote: Quote) -> EscapeLayout {
+        Self::output_layout_with_checker(source, preferred_quote, 3, |a, b| {
+            Some((a as isize).checked_add(b as isize)? as usize)
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn named_repr_layout(source: &[u8], name: &str) -> EscapeLayout {
+        Self::output_layout_with_checker(source, Quote::Single, name.len() + 2 + 3, |a, b| {
+            Some((a as isize).checked_add(b as isize)? as usize)
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn output_layout_with_checker(
+        source: &[u8],
+        preferred_quote: Quote,
+        reserved_len: usize,
+        length_add: impl Fn(usize, usize) -> Option<usize>,
+    ) -> EscapeLayout {
+        let mut out_len = reserved_len;
+        let mut single_count = 0;
+        let mut double_count = 0;
+
+        for ch in source.iter() {
+            let incr = match ch {
+                b'\'' => {
+                    single_count += 1;
+                    1
+                }
+                b'"' => {
+                    double_count += 1;
+                    1
+                }
+                c => Self::escaped_char_len(*c),
+            };
+            let Some(new_len) = length_add(out_len, incr) else {
+                #[cold]
+                fn stop(single_count: usize, double_count: usize, preferred_quote: Quote) -> EscapeLayout {
+                    EscapeLayout { quote: choose_quote(single_count, double_count, preferred_quote).0, len: None }
+                }
+                return stop(single_count, double_count, preferred_quote);
+            };
+            out_len = new_len;
+        }
+
+        let (quote, num_escaped_quotes) = choose_quote(single_count, double_count, preferred_quote);
+        // we'll be adding backslashes in front of the existing inner quotes
+        let Some(out_len) = length_add(out_len, num_escaped_quotes) else {
+            return EscapeLayout { quote, len: None };
+        };
+
+        EscapeLayout {
+            quote,
+            len: Some(out_len - reserved_len),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn escaped_char_len(ch: u8) -> usize {
+        match ch {
+            b'\\' | b'\t' | b'\r' | b'\n' => 2,
+            0x20..=0x7e => 1,
+            _ => 4, // \xHH
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn write_char(ch: u8, quote: Quote, formatter: &mut impl std::fmt::Write) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match ch {
+            b'\t' => formatter.write_str("\\t"),
+            b'\n' => formatter.write_str("\\n"),
+            b'\r' => formatter.write_str("\\r"),
+            0x20..=0x7e => {
+                // printable ascii range
+                if ch == quote.to_byte() || ch == b'\\' {
+                    formatter.write_char('\\')?;
+                }
+                formatter.write_char(ch as char)
+            }
+            ch => write!(formatter, "\\x{ch:02x}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Escape for AsciiEscape<'a> {
+    fn source_len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.source.len()
+    }
+
+    fn layout(&self) -> &EscapeLayout {
+        &self.layout
+    }
+
+    fn write_source(&self, formatter: &mut impl std::fmt::Write) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str(unsafe {
+            // SAFETY: this function must be called only when source is printable ascii characters
+            std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(self.source)
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[cold]
+    fn write_body_slow(&self, formatter: &mut impl std::fmt::Write) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        for ch in self.source.iter() {
+            Self::write_char(*ch, self.layout().quote, formatter)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct BytesRepr<'r, 'a>(&'r AsciiEscape<'a>);
+
+impl BytesRepr<'_, '_> {
+    pub fn write(&self, formatter: &mut impl std::fmt::Write) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let quote = self.0.layout().quote.to_char();
+        formatter.write_char('b')?;
+        formatter.write_char(quote)?;
+        self.0.write_body(formatter)?;
+        formatter.write_char(quote)
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_string(&self) -> Option<String> {
+        let mut s = String::with_capacity(self.0.layout().len?);
+        self.write(&mut s).unwrap();
+        Some(s)
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for BytesRepr<'_, '_> {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        self.write(formatter)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/literal/src/float.rs b/literal/src/float.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c14fcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/literal/src/float.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+use crate::format::Case;
+use num_traits::{Float, Zero};
+use std::f64;
+
+pub fn parse_str(literal: &str) -> Option<f64> {
+    parse_inner(literal.trim().as_bytes())
+}
+
+pub fn parse_bytes(literal: &[u8]) -> Option<f64> {
+    parse_inner(trim_slice(literal, |b| b.is_ascii_whitespace()))
+}
+
+fn trim_slice<T>(v: &[T], mut trim: impl FnMut(&T) -> bool) -> &[T] {
+    let mut it = v.iter();
+    // it.take_while_ref(&mut trim).for_each(drop);
+    // hmm.. `&mut slice::Iter<_>` is not `Clone`
+    // it.by_ref().rev().take_while_ref(&mut trim).for_each(drop);
+    while it.clone().next().map_or(false, &mut trim) {
+        it.next();
+    }
+    while it.clone().next_back().map_or(false, &mut trim) {
+        it.next_back();
+    }
+    it.as_slice()
+}
+
+fn parse_inner(literal: &[u8]) -> Option<f64> {
+    use lexical_parse_float::{
+        format::PYTHON3_LITERAL, FromLexicalWithOptions, NumberFormatBuilder, Options,
+    };
+    // lexical-core's format::PYTHON_STRING is inaccurate
+    const PYTHON_STRING: u128 = NumberFormatBuilder::rebuild(PYTHON3_LITERAL)
+        .no_special(false)
+        .build();
+    f64::from_lexical_with_options::<PYTHON_STRING>(literal, &Options::new()).ok()
+}
+
+pub fn is_integer(v: f64) -> bool {
+    (v - v.round()).abs() < f64::EPSILON
+}
+
+fn format_nan(case: Case) -> String {
+    let nan = match case {
+        Case::Lower => "nan",
+        Case::Upper => "NAN",
+    };
+
+    nan.to_string()
+}
+
+fn format_inf(case: Case) -> String {
+    let inf = match case {
+        Case::Lower => "inf",
+        Case::Upper => "INF",
+    };
+
+    inf.to_string()
+}
+
+pub fn decimal_point_or_empty(precision: usize, alternate_form: bool) -> &'static str {
+    match (precision, alternate_form) {
+        (0, true) => ".",
+        _ => "",
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn format_fixed(precision: usize, magnitude: f64, case: Case, alternate_form: bool) -> String {
+    match magnitude {
+        magnitude if magnitude.is_finite() => {
+            let point = decimal_point_or_empty(precision, alternate_form);
+            format!("{magnitude:.precision$}{point}")
+        }
+        magnitude if magnitude.is_nan() => format_nan(case),
+        magnitude if magnitude.is_infinite() => format_inf(case),
+        _ => "".to_string(),
+    }
+}
+
+// Formats floats into Python style exponent notation, by first formatting in Rust style
+// exponent notation (`1.0000e0`), then convert to Python style (`1.0000e+00`).
+pub fn format_exponent(
+    precision: usize,
+    magnitude: f64,
+    case: Case,
+    alternate_form: bool,
+) -> String {
+    match magnitude {
+        magnitude if magnitude.is_finite() => {
+            let r_exp = format!("{magnitude:.precision$e}");
+            let mut parts = r_exp.splitn(2, 'e');
+            let base = parts.next().unwrap();
+            let exponent = parts.next().unwrap().parse::<i64>().unwrap();
+            let e = match case {
+                Case::Lower => 'e',
+                Case::Upper => 'E',
+            };
+            let point = decimal_point_or_empty(precision, alternate_form);
+            format!("{base}{point}{e}{exponent:+#03}")
+        }
+        magnitude if magnitude.is_nan() => format_nan(case),
+        magnitude if magnitude.is_infinite() => format_inf(case),
+        _ => "".to_string(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// If s represents a floating point value, trailing zeros and a possibly trailing
+/// decimal point will be removed.
+/// This function does NOT work with decimal commas.
+fn maybe_remove_trailing_redundant_chars(s: String, alternate_form: bool) -> String {
+    if !alternate_form && s.contains('.') {
+        // only truncate floating point values when not in alternate form
+        let s = remove_trailing_zeros(s);
+        remove_trailing_decimal_point(s)
+    } else {
+        s
+    }
+}
+
+fn remove_trailing_zeros(s: String) -> String {
+    let mut s = s;
+    while s.ends_with('0') {
+        s.pop();
+    }
+    s
+}
+
+fn remove_trailing_decimal_point(s: String) -> String {
+    let mut s = s;
+    if s.ends_with('.') {
+        s.pop();
+    }
+    s
+}
+
+pub fn format_general(
+    precision: usize,
+    magnitude: f64,
+    case: Case,
+    alternate_form: bool,
+    always_shows_fract: bool,
+) -> String {
+    match magnitude {
+        magnitude if magnitude.is_finite() => {
+            let r_exp = format!("{:.*e}", precision.saturating_sub(1), magnitude);
+            let mut parts = r_exp.splitn(2, 'e');
+            let base = parts.next().unwrap();
+            let exponent = parts.next().unwrap().parse::<i64>().unwrap();
+            if exponent < -4 || exponent + (always_shows_fract as i64) >= (precision as i64) {
+                let e = match case {
+                    Case::Lower => 'e',
+                    Case::Upper => 'E',
+                };
+                let magnitude = format!("{:.*}", precision + 1, base);
+                let base = maybe_remove_trailing_redundant_chars(magnitude, alternate_form);
+                let point = decimal_point_or_empty(precision.saturating_sub(1), alternate_form);
+                format!("{base}{point}{e}{exponent:+#03}")
+            } else {
+                let precision = ((precision as i64) - 1 - exponent) as usize;
+                let magnitude = format!("{magnitude:.precision$}");
+                let base = maybe_remove_trailing_redundant_chars(magnitude, alternate_form);
+                let point = decimal_point_or_empty(precision, alternate_form);
+                format!("{base}{point}")
+            }
+        }
+        magnitude if magnitude.is_nan() => format_nan(case),
+        magnitude if magnitude.is_infinite() => format_inf(case),
+        _ => "".to_string(),
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO: rewrite using format_general
+pub fn to_string(value: f64) -> String {
+    let lit = format!("{value:e}");
+    if let Some(position) = lit.find('e') {
+        let significand = &lit[..position];
+        let exponent = &lit[position + 1..];
+        let exponent = exponent.parse::<i32>().unwrap();
+        if exponent < 16 && exponent > -5 {
+            if is_integer(value) {
+                format!("{value:.1?}")
+            } else {
+                value.to_string()
+            }
+        } else {
+            format!("{significand}e{exponent:+#03}")
+        }
+    } else {
+        let mut s = value.to_string();
+        s.make_ascii_lowercase();
+        s
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn from_hex(s: &str) -> Option<f64> {
+    if let Ok(f) = hexf_parse::parse_hexf64(s, false) {
+        return Some(f);
+    }
+    match s.to_ascii_lowercase().as_str() {
+        "nan" | "+nan" | "-nan" => Some(f64::NAN),
+        "inf" | "infinity" | "+inf" | "+infinity" => Some(f64::INFINITY),
+        "-inf" | "-infinity" => Some(f64::NEG_INFINITY),
+        value => {
+            let mut hex = String::with_capacity(value.len());
+            let has_0x = value.contains("0x");
+            let has_p = value.contains('p');
+            let has_dot = value.contains('.');
+            let mut start = 0;
+
+            if !has_0x && value.starts_with('-') {
+                hex.push_str("-0x");
+                start += 1;
+            } else if !has_0x {
+                hex.push_str("0x");
+                if value.starts_with('+') {
+                    start += 1;
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (index, ch) in value.chars().enumerate() {
+                if ch == 'p' {
+                    if has_dot {
+                        hex.push('p');
+                    } else {
+                        hex.push_str(".p");
+                    }
+                } else if index >= start {
+                    hex.push(ch);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if !has_p && has_dot {
+                hex.push_str("p0");
+            } else if !has_p && !has_dot {
+                hex.push_str(".p0")
+            }
+
+            hexf_parse::parse_hexf64(hex.as_str(), false).ok()
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn to_hex(value: f64) -> String {
+    let (mantissa, exponent, sign) = value.integer_decode();
+    let sign_fmt = if sign < 0 { "-" } else { "" };
+    match value {
+        value if value.is_zero() => format!("{sign_fmt}0x0.0p+0"),
+        value if value.is_infinite() => format!("{sign_fmt}inf"),
+        value if value.is_nan() => "nan".to_owned(),
+        _ => {
+            const BITS: i16 = 52;
+            const FRACT_MASK: u64 = 0xf_ffff_ffff_ffff;
+            format!(
+                "{}{:#x}.{:013x}p{:+}",
+                sign_fmt,
+                mantissa >> BITS,
+                mantissa & FRACT_MASK,
+                exponent + BITS
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_to_hex() {
+    use rand::Rng;
+    for _ in 0..20000 {
+        let bytes = rand::thread_rng().gen::<[u64; 1]>();
+        let f = f64::from_bits(bytes[0]);
+        if !f.is_finite() {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let hex = to_hex(f);
+        // println!("{} -> {}", f, hex);
+        let roundtrip = hexf_parse::parse_hexf64(&hex, false).unwrap();
+        // println!("  -> {}", roundtrip);
+        assert!(f == roundtrip, "{} {} {}", f, hex, roundtrip);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_remove_trailing_zeros() {
+    assert!(remove_trailing_zeros(String::from("100")) == *"1");
+    assert!(remove_trailing_zeros(String::from("100.00")) == *"100.");
+
+    // leave leading zeros untouched
+    assert!(remove_trailing_zeros(String::from("001")) == *"001");
+
+    // leave strings untouched if they don't end with 0
+    assert!(remove_trailing_zeros(String::from("101")) == *"101");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_remove_trailing_decimal_point() {
+    assert!(remove_trailing_decimal_point(String::from("100.")) == *"100");
+    assert!(remove_trailing_decimal_point(String::from("1.")) == *"1");
+
+    // leave leading decimal points untouched
+    assert!(remove_trailing_decimal_point(String::from(".5")) == *".5");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_maybe_remove_trailing_redundant_chars() {
+    assert!(maybe_remove_trailing_redundant_chars(String::from("100."), true) == *"100.");
+    assert!(maybe_remove_trailing_redundant_chars(String::from("100."), false) == *"100");
+    assert!(maybe_remove_trailing_redundant_chars(String::from("1."), false) == *"1");
+    assert!(maybe_remove_trailing_redundant_chars(String::from("10.0"), false) == *"10");
+
+    // don't truncate integers
+    assert!(maybe_remove_trailing_redundant_chars(String::from("1000"), false) == *"1000");
+}
diff --git a/literal/src/format.rs b/literal/src/format.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d5d9d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/literal/src/format.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum Case {
+    Lower,
+    Upper,
+}
diff --git a/literal/src/lib.rs b/literal/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b96205
--- /dev/null
+++ b/literal/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+pub mod char;
+pub mod escape;
+pub mod float;
+pub mod format;