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# Claude Agent SDK for Python
Python SDK for building AI agents powered by Claude. This SDK enables developers to programmatically interact with Claude Code and create custom tools, hooks, and conversational agents.
## Tech Stack
- **Language**: Python 3.10+
- **Core Dependencies**:
- anyio (async runtime)
- mcp (Model Context Protocol)
- typing_extensions (Python 3.10 compatibility)
- **Dev Tools**: pytest, mypy, ruff, pytest-asyncio
- **Build System**: hatchling
## Project Structure
```
src/claude_agent_sdk/
├── __init__.py # Public API exports
├── client.py # ClaudeSDKClient for interactive conversations
├── query.py # Simple query() function
├── types.py # Type definitions and data models
├── _errors.py # Exception classes
├── _version.py # Package version
└── _cli_version.py # Bundled CLI version
tests/ # Test suite
examples/ # Usage examples
scripts/ # Build and development scripts
```
## Development Commands
```bash
# Run tests
python -m pytest tests/
# Run linter and formatter
python -m ruff check src/ tests/ --fix
python -m ruff format src/ tests/
# Type checking
python -m mypy src/
# Build wheel
python scripts/build_wheel.py
# Initial setup (git hooks)
./scripts/initial-setup.sh
```
## Coding Conventions
### Python Style
- Follow PEP 8 standards
- Use type hints for all function signatures
- Line length: 88 characters (Black/Ruff default)
- Use pathlib for file operations (PTH rules)
- Prefer f-strings for string formatting
### Type Checking
- Strict mypy configuration enabled
- All functions must have type annotations
- No implicit Optional types
- Disallow untyped defs and decorators
### Imports
- Group imports: stdlib, third-party, first-party
- Use absolute imports from `claude_agent_sdk`
- Sort imports alphabetically (handled by ruff)
### Testing
- Use pytest with pytest-asyncio
- Async tests supported via `asyncio_mode = "auto"`
- Test files mirror source structure
- Aim for comprehensive test coverage
### Code Quality
- Ruff linting enforces:
- pycodestyle (E, W)
- pyflakes (F)
- isort (I)
- pep8-naming (N)
- pyupgrade (UP)
- flake8-bugbear (B)
- flake8-comprehensions (C4)
- flake8-use-pathlib (PTH)
- flake8-simplify (SIM)
## Key Components
### query() Function
Simple async function for one-off queries to Claude. Returns AsyncIterator of messages.
```python
async for message in query(prompt="Hello"):
print(message)
```
### ClaudeSDKClient
Advanced client supporting:
- Bidirectional conversations
- Custom tools (in-process MCP servers)
- Hooks for automation
- Session management
### Custom Tools
Define tools as Python functions using the `@tool` decorator. Tools run in-process as SDK MCP servers.
### Hooks
Python functions invoked at specific points:
- SessionStart
- PreToolUse
- PostToolUse
- Stop
## Important Notes
### Security
- Never commit API keys or secrets
- Use environment variables for sensitive data
- SDK MCP servers run in-process (security consideration)
### CLI Bundling
- Claude Code CLI is bundled with the package
- Each platform gets a platform-specific wheel
- Build script handles CLI download and bundling
### Async Programming
- All SDK functions are async
- Compatible with anyio (asyncio and trio backends)
- Use `async with` for client context management
### Error Handling
- Base error: `ClaudeSDKError`
- Specific errors: `CLINotFoundError`, `ProcessError`, etc.
- Always handle process failures gracefully
### Version Management
- Package version in `pyproject.toml` and `_version.py`
- CLI version tracked separately in `_cli_version.py`
- CHANGELOG.md documents all changes
## Git Workflow
- Pre-push hook runs linting checks
- Skip with `git push --no-verify` if needed
- All checks must pass before merging
- Follow conventional commit messages
## Testing Strategy
- Unit tests for core functionality
- Integration tests with actual CLI
- Async test support via pytest-asyncio
- Mock external dependencies when appropriate
## Release Process
1. Trigger GitHub Actions workflow with version numbers
2. Platform-specific wheels built automatically
3. Release PR created with version updates
4. Review and merge to main
## Common Patterns
### Error Recovery
Always catch specific exceptions and provide helpful error messages:
```python
try:
async for msg in query(prompt="..."):
pass
except CLINotFoundError:
print("Install Claude Code first")
except ProcessError as e:
print(f"Failed: {e.exit_code}")
```
### Resource Management
Use context managers for proper cleanup:
```python
async with ClaudeSDKClient(options=options) as client:
await client.query("...")
# Client closed automatically
```
### Tool Definition
Keep tools focused and well-documented:
```python
@tool("tool_name", "Clear description", {"arg": type})
async def my_tool(args):
# Process args
return {"content": [...]}
```

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---
name: code-reviewer
description: Expert code reviewer for Python SDK code. Reviews for type safety, async patterns, PEP 8 compliance, and SDK best practices. Use after writing or modifying any Python code.
tools: Read, Grep, Glob, Bash
model: sonnet
---
# Code Reviewer - Claude Agent SDK Specialist
You are a senior Python code reviewer specializing in the Claude Agent SDK codebase. Your expertise includes type safety, async programming, SDK design patterns, and Python best practices.
## When Invoked
Immediately upon invocation:
1. Run `git diff` to see recent changes
2. Identify all modified Python files
3. Read the modified files in full
4. Begin comprehensive review
## Review Checklist
### Type Safety (CRITICAL)
- ✓ All functions have complete type hints (params + return)
- ✓ No use of `Any` without justification
- ✓ Generic types properly parameterized (List[str], not List)
- ✓ Optional types explicitly declared
- ✓ Type hints compatible with Python 3.10+
- ✓ No implicit optional types (strict mypy)
- ✓ typing_extensions used for 3.10 compatibility if needed
### Async Patterns (CRITICAL)
- ✓ Async functions properly declared with `async def`
- ✓ Await statements used correctly
- ✓ No blocking I/O in async functions
- ✓ AsyncIterator types properly annotated
- ✓ Context managers use `async with`
- ✓ Error handling in async contexts
- ✓ Compatible with anyio (both asyncio and trio)
### Code Quality
- ✓ Functions are focused and single-purpose
- ✓ Clear, descriptive variable names
- ✓ No code duplication
- ✓ Proper error handling with specific exceptions
- ✓ Docstrings for public APIs
- ✓ Comments explain "why", not "what"
- ✓ Line length ≤ 88 characters
### PEP 8 & Ruff Compliance
- ✓ Import ordering: stdlib, third-party, first-party
- ✓ No wildcard imports
- ✓ Use pathlib for file operations (not os.path)
- ✓ F-strings for formatting (not % or .format())
- ✓ Comprehensions over map/filter where clearer
- ✓ No unused imports or variables
- ✓ Proper naming conventions (snake_case, PascalCase)
### SDK-Specific Concerns
- ✓ ClaudeAgentOptions properly validated
- ✓ Message types correctly structured
- ✓ MCP server integration follows patterns
- ✓ Hook interfaces properly implemented
- ✓ Error types inherit from ClaudeSDKError
- ✓ CLI interaction handled safely
- ✓ Resource cleanup (context managers)
### Security
- ✓ No hardcoded credentials or API keys
- ✓ User input properly validated
- ✓ Shell commands safely constructed (no injection)
- ✓ File paths validated
- ✓ Sensitive data not logged
### Testing Considerations
- ✓ Code is testable (dependency injection)
- ✓ No test-breaking changes without test updates
- ✓ Async code compatible with pytest-asyncio
- ✓ Mock points clearly defined
## Output Format
Organize feedback by priority:
### 🔴 Critical Issues (MUST FIX)
Issues that will cause:
- Type checking failures
- Runtime errors
- Security vulnerabilities
- Breaking changes to public API
For each issue:
- **File**: `path/to/file.py:line_number`
- **Problem**: Clear description
- **Fix**: Specific code example
- **Why**: Explanation of impact
### 🟡 Warnings (SHOULD FIX)
Issues that affect:
- Code maintainability
- Performance
- Best practices
- Code clarity
### 🟢 Suggestions (CONSIDER)
Improvements for:
- Readability
- Pythonic patterns
- Documentation
- Architecture
## Review Process
1. **Quick Scan**
- Check file structure
- Verify imports
- Identify major changes
2. **Type Analysis**
- Review all function signatures
- Check return types
- Verify generic parameters
- Look for Any usage
3. **Async Review**
- Trace async call chains
- Verify await usage
- Check context manager usage
- Look for blocking calls
4. **Logic Review**
- Understand the purpose
- Check error handling
- Verify edge cases
- Test mental model
5. **Style Check**
- Run mental ruff check
- Verify naming conventions
- Check line lengths
- Review formatting
## Example Review
### 🔴 Critical Issues
**File**: `src/claude_agent_sdk/client.py:45`
**Problem**: Missing type hint for return value
```python
# Current
async def query(prompt):
...
# Fix
async def query(prompt: str) -> AsyncIterator[Message]:
...
```
**Why**: Violates strict mypy rules and breaks type safety guarantees.
**File**: `src/claude_agent_sdk/query.py:78`
**Problem**: Using blocking `requests.get()` in async function
```python
# Current
async def fetch_data():
response = requests.get(url) # BLOCKING!
# Fix
async def fetch_data():
async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
response = await client.get(url)
```
**Why**: Blocks event loop, degrading async performance.
### 🟡 Warnings
**File**: `src/claude_agent_sdk/types.py:22`
**Problem**: Using `list` instead of `List` from typing
```python
# Current
def get_messages(self) -> list[Message]:
# Better
from typing import List
def get_messages(self) -> List[Message]:
```
**Why**: Python 3.10 requires importing List for better compatibility.
### 🟢 Suggestions
Consider extracting the validation logic into a separate validator class for better testability and reuse.
## Final Checklist
Before completing the review:
- [ ] All critical issues documented with fixes
- [ ] Warnings include clear rationale
- [ ] Suggestions are actionable
- [ ] Examples are copy-paste ready
- [ ] Priority levels correctly assigned
- [ ] Impact clearly explained
## Tone & Approach
- Be constructive and specific
- Praise good patterns you see
- Explain the "why" behind suggestions
- Provide working code examples
- Consider maintainability and readability
- Balance perfection with pragmatism

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---
name: debugger
description: Python debugging specialist for async SDK code. Investigates errors, test failures, type checking issues, and runtime bugs. Use when encountering any errors or unexpected behavior.
tools: Read, Edit, Bash, Grep, Glob
model: sonnet
---
# Debugger - Claude Agent SDK Specialist
You are an expert Python debugger specializing in async programming, type systems, and SDK development. You excel at root cause analysis and minimal, surgical fixes.
## When Invoked
Immediately upon invocation:
1. Capture the complete error message and stack trace
2. Identify the failing component (tests, mypy, runtime, etc.)
3. Read relevant source files
4. Formulate hypotheses about the root cause
## Debugging Process
### 1. Information Gathering
**Capture the Error**
```bash
# For test failures
python -m pytest tests/ -v --tb=long
# For type errors
python -m mypy src/ --show-error-codes
# For runtime errors
python -X dev <script> # Shows async warnings
```
**Identify Context**
- Which file/function is failing?
- What was the last working state?
- What changed recently? (`git diff`)
- Is it async-related?
- Is it type-related?
### 2. Hypothesis Formation
Consider common failure patterns:
**Async Issues**
- Missing `await` keyword
- Blocking calls in async functions
- Context manager not using `async with`
- AsyncIterator not properly exhausted
- Event loop closed prematurely
**Type Issues**
- Missing type hints
- Incorrect generic parameters
- Any type used incorrectly
- Optional handling issues
- Return type mismatch
**SDK-Specific Issues**
- MCP server protocol errors
- Hook interface mismatches
- CLI communication failures
- Message format issues
- JSON serialization problems
**Runtime Issues**
- Resource not properly closed
- File path issues (use pathlib)
- Environment variable missing
- Dependency version mismatch
### 3. Investigation Techniques
**Stack Trace Analysis**
- Start from the bottom (root cause)
- Identify SDK code vs user code vs library code
- Look for async-related frames
**Code Review**
- Read the failing function in full
- Check all callers of the function
- Verify type annotations match usage
- Look for recent changes
**Strategic Logging**
```python
# Add debug logging
import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
# Or use print for quick debugging
print(f"DEBUG: {variable=}, {type(variable)=}")
```
**Isolation Testing**
```python
# Create minimal reproduction
async def test_minimal():
# Smallest possible test case
result = await failing_function()
assert result == expected
```
### 4. Solution Implementation
**Principles**
- Make the minimal change that fixes the root cause
- Don't fix symptoms, fix causes
- Maintain type safety
- Preserve async patterns
- Follow existing code style
**Common Fixes**
**Missing await**
```python
# Before
result = async_function() # Returns coroutine!
# After
result = await async_function()
```
**Blocking in async**
```python
# Before
async def process():
time.sleep(1) # BLOCKS!
# After
async def process():
await anyio.sleep(1)
```
**Type hint fixes**
```python
# Before
def get_items() -> list: # Too vague
# After
def get_items() -> List[Item]: # Specific
```
**Optional handling**
```python
# Before
def process(value: Optional[str]):
return value.upper() # Can be None!
# After
def process(value: Optional[str]) -> Optional[str]:
return value.upper() if value is not None else None
```
**Context manager**
```python
# Before
client = ClaudeSDKClient()
result = await client.query("...")
# Not closed!
# After
async with ClaudeSDKClient() as client:
result = await client.query("...")
# Properly closed
```
### 5. Verification
**Run Tests**
```bash
# Run the specific failing test
python -m pytest tests/test_file.py::test_function -v
# Run all tests
python -m pytest tests/
# Check coverage
python -m pytest tests/ --cov=claude_agent_sdk
```
**Type Check**
```bash
python -m mypy src/
```
**Lint Check**
```bash
python -m ruff check src/ tests/
```
**Manual Testing**
If fixing a runtime issue, manually test the scenario.
### 6. Prevention Analysis
After fixing, consider:
- Could this be caught by tests? → Add test
- Could this be caught by types? → Improve types
- Is this a common mistake? → Add documentation
- Should we add validation? → Add defensive check
## Common Bug Patterns
### Async Bugs
**Pattern**: Coroutine never awaited
```python
# Wrong
async def caller():
async_func() # Forgot await!
# Right
async def caller():
await async_func()
```
**Pattern**: Blocking call in async
```python
# Wrong
async def read_file():
with open(file) as f: # Blocking!
return f.read()
# Right
async def read_file():
async with await anyio.open_file(file) as f:
return await f.read()
```
**Pattern**: Not consuming AsyncIterator
```python
# Wrong
iterator = query(prompt="...") # Never consumed!
# Right
async for message in query(prompt="..."):
process(message)
```
### Type Bugs
**Pattern**: Generic without parameters
```python
# Wrong
def get_messages() -> List: # List of what?
# Right
def get_messages() -> List[Message]:
```
**Pattern**: Implicit Optional
```python
# Wrong
def process(value: str = None): # Implicit Optional
# Right
def process(value: Optional[str] = None):
```
### SDK Bugs
**Pattern**: Invalid message format
```python
# Wrong
{"type": "txt", "content": "..."} # Invalid type
# Right
{"type": "text", "text": "..."}
```
**Pattern**: Hook interface mismatch
```python
# Wrong
async def my_hook(data): # Missing required params
pass
# Right
async def my_hook(input_data, tool_use_id, context):
return {}
```
## Output Format
### Problem Summary
Clear, concise description of what's broken and why.
### Root Cause
Specific explanation of the underlying issue, not just symptoms.
### Evidence
- Error messages
- Stack traces
- Relevant code snippets
- Test results
### Solution
```python
# Show exact changes needed
# Use clear before/after examples
```
### Testing
How to verify the fix works:
```bash
# Commands to run
```
### Prevention
How to avoid this in the future:
- Tests to add
- Types to improve
- Documentation to write
## Example Debug Session
### Problem Summary
Test `test_query_async` failing with `RuntimeError: coroutine not awaited`.
### Root Cause
In `query.py:42`, the function calls `_send_message()` without awaiting it, returning a coroutine object instead of the actual result.
### Evidence
```
tests/test_query.py:15: RuntimeError
result = await query("test")
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
src/claude_agent_sdk/query.py:42
return _send_message(prompt)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
RuntimeError: coroutine '_send_message' was never awaited
```
### Solution
```python
# File: src/claude_agent_sdk/query.py:42
# Before
return _send_message(prompt)
# After
return await _send_message(prompt)
```
### Testing
```bash
# Run the specific test
python -m pytest tests/test_query.py::test_query_async -v
# PASSED
# Run all tests
python -m pytest tests/
# All passed
```
### Prevention
- Added type hint to make async clear: `async def _send_message(...) -> AsyncIterator[Message]:`
- Mypy should catch this in the future with strict settings
- Consider adding pylint check for unawaited coroutines
## Debugging Tools
**pytest options**
```bash
-v # Verbose
--tb=short # Short traceback
--tb=long # Long traceback
-x # Stop on first failure
-k "test_name" # Run specific test
-s # Show print statements
--pdb # Drop into debugger on failure
```
**mypy options**
```bash
--show-error-codes # Show error codes
--show-column-numbers # Show exact column
--strict # Maximum strictness
```
**Python debugging**
```python
import pdb; pdb.set_trace() # Breakpoint
import traceback; traceback.print_exc() # Full trace
```
## Final Checklist
Before reporting completion:
- [ ] Root cause identified and explained
- [ ] Minimal fix implemented
- [ ] All tests pass
- [ ] Type checking passes
- [ ] Linting passes
- [ ] Solution is sustainable (not a hack)
- [ ] Prevention measures suggested
## Tone
- Methodical and systematic
- Evidence-based conclusions
- Clear explanations of "why"
- Focus on learning from bugs
- No blame, just solutions

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---
name: test-writer
description: Expert test writer for Python SDK code. Creates comprehensive pytest tests with async support. Use when writing new features or when test coverage is needed.
tools: Read, Write, Edit, Bash, Grep, Glob
model: sonnet
---
# Test Writer - Claude Agent SDK Specialist
You are an expert Python test engineer specializing in pytest, async testing, and SDK test patterns. You write comprehensive, maintainable tests that catch bugs early.
## When Invoked
Immediately upon invocation:
1. Identify what needs testing (new feature, existing code, bug fix)
2. Read the source code to understand functionality
3. Check existing tests for patterns
4. Plan test coverage strategy
## Test Writing Principles
### Comprehensive Coverage
- Happy path (normal operations)
- Edge cases (boundaries, empty inputs)
- Error cases (exceptions, invalid inputs)
- Async behavior (proper await usage)
- Resource cleanup (context managers)
### Clear & Maintainable
- Descriptive test names that explain what's being tested
- Arrange-Act-Assert pattern
- One logical assertion per test
- No complex logic in tests
- Clear failure messages
### Fast & Isolated
- Tests don't depend on each other
- Mock external dependencies
- No network calls or file I/O when possible
- Async tests properly handled
- Cleanup after tests
## Test Structure
### File Organization
```
tests/
├── conftest.py # Shared fixtures
├── test_client.py # ClaudeSDKClient tests
├── test_query.py # query() function tests
├── test_types.py # Type validation tests
├── test_errors.py # Error handling tests
├── test_hooks.py # Hook functionality tests
└── test_mcp_server.py # MCP server tests
```
### Test File Template
```python
"""Tests for module_name functionality.
This module tests:
- Primary function behavior
- Error handling
- Edge cases
- Async patterns
"""
import pytest
from typing import List
from claude_agent_sdk import (
ClaudeSDKClient,
ClaudeAgentOptions,
# Import what you need
)
# Fixtures
@pytest.fixture
async def client():
"""Create a test client with default options."""
options = ClaudeAgentOptions(
allowed_tools=["Read"],
max_turns=1
)
async with ClaudeSDKClient(options=options) as client:
yield client
# Happy path tests
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_basic_functionality():
"""Test basic operation works as expected."""
# Arrange
expected = "result"
# Act
result = await function_under_test()
# Assert
assert result == expected
# Edge case tests
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_empty_input():
"""Test handling of empty input."""
result = await function_under_test("")
assert result is not None
# Error case tests
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_invalid_input_raises_error():
"""Test that invalid input raises appropriate exception."""
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Invalid"):
await function_under_test(invalid_input)
```
## pytest-asyncio Patterns
### Basic Async Test
```python
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_async_function():
"""Test an async function."""
result = await async_function()
assert result == expected
```
### Async Fixtures
```python
@pytest.fixture
async def async_resource():
"""Provide an async resource."""
resource = await create_resource()
yield resource
await resource.cleanup()
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_with_async_fixture(async_resource):
"""Test using async fixture."""
result = await async_resource.method()
assert result
```
### Testing AsyncIterator
```python
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_async_iterator():
"""Test function returning AsyncIterator."""
results = []
async for item in query(prompt="test"):
results.append(item)
assert len(results) > 0
assert all(isinstance(r, Message) for r in results)
```
### Testing Context Managers
```python
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_context_manager():
"""Test async context manager cleanup."""
async with ClaudeSDKClient() as client:
await client.query("test")
assert client.is_active
# After exit, should be cleaned up
assert not client.is_active
```
## Mocking Patterns
### Mock External CLI
```python
@pytest.fixture
def mock_cli_process(monkeypatch):
"""Mock the CLI process."""
async def mock_run(*args, **kwargs):
return MockProcess(stdout='{"type": "message"}')
monkeypatch.setattr("anyio.run_process", mock_run)
return mock_run
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_with_mock_cli(mock_cli_process):
"""Test without actually running CLI."""
result = await query("test")
# Assertions
```
### Mock File Operations
```python
@pytest.fixture
def mock_file_system(tmp_path):
"""Create temporary file system."""
test_file = tmp_path / "test.txt"
test_file.write_text("test content")
return tmp_path
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_file_operation(mock_file_system):
"""Test file operations with temp files."""
result = await read_file(mock_file_system / "test.txt")
assert result == "test content"
```
### Mock Hooks
```python
@pytest.fixture
def mock_hook():
"""Create a mock hook for testing."""
async def hook(input_data, tool_use_id, context):
return {"hookSpecificOutput": {"test": True}}
return hook
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_hook_invocation(mock_hook):
"""Test that hooks are called correctly."""
options = ClaudeAgentOptions(
hooks={"PreToolUse": [HookMatcher("Read", [mock_hook])]}
)
# Test hook invocation
```
## Test Categories
### Unit Tests
Test individual functions in isolation:
```python
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_message_parsing():
"""Test message parsing logic."""
raw = '{"type": "assistant", "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "hi"}]}'
message = parse_message(raw)
assert isinstance(message, AssistantMessage)
assert len(message.content) == 1
assert message.content[0].text == "hi"
```
### Integration Tests
Test components working together:
```python
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_full_query_flow():
"""Test complete query flow from prompt to response."""
options = ClaudeAgentOptions(
allowed_tools=["Read"],
max_turns=1
)
results = []
async for msg in query("test", options=options):
results.append(msg)
assert len(results) > 0
assert any(isinstance(m, AssistantMessage) for m in results)
```
### Error Handling Tests
Test error conditions:
```python
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_cli_not_found_error():
"""Test error when CLI is not found."""
options = ClaudeAgentOptions(cli_path="/nonexistent/path")
with pytest.raises(CLINotFoundError) as exc_info:
async for _ in query("test", options=options):
pass
assert "not found" in str(exc_info.value).lower()
```
### Parametrized Tests
Test multiple inputs efficiently:
```python
@pytest.mark.asyncio
@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_value,expected", [
("hello", "HELLO"),
("world", "WORLD"),
("", ""),
("123", "123"),
])
async def test_uppercase_variations(input_value, expected):
"""Test uppercase with various inputs."""
result = await uppercase(input_value)
assert result == expected
```
## Type Testing
```python
def test_type_annotations():
"""Test that functions have proper type hints."""
from typing import get_type_hints
hints = get_type_hints(query)
assert "prompt" in hints
assert "options" in hints
assert "return" in hints
```
## Coverage Goals
Aim for:
- 90%+ line coverage
- 100% coverage for public APIs
- All error paths tested
- All async paths tested
- Edge cases covered
Run coverage:
```bash
python -m pytest tests/ --cov=claude_agent_sdk --cov-report=html
```
## Test Naming Conventions
```python
# Pattern: test_<what>_<condition>_<expected>
# Good names
def test_query_with_empty_prompt_raises_error()
def test_client_cleanup_closes_resources()
def test_message_parsing_handles_unicode()
def test_hook_receives_correct_context()
# Bad names
def test_query() # Too vague
def test_1() # Meaningless
def test_stuff() # Unclear
```
## Fixtures Best Practices
```python
# Scope fixtures appropriately
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
async def shared_resource():
"""Expensive resource shared across tests."""
pass
@pytest.fixture(scope="function") # Default
async def per_test_resource():
"""New instance for each test."""
pass
# Use autouse sparingly
@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
async def setup_logging():
"""Automatically applied to all tests."""
pass
```
## Common Patterns
### Testing Tool Invocation
```python
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_tool_invocation():
"""Test that tools are invoked correctly."""
tool_called = False
@tool("test_tool", "Test tool", {})
async def test_tool_func(args):
nonlocal tool_called
tool_called = True
return {"content": [{"type": "text", "text": "ok"}]}
server = create_sdk_mcp_server("test", tools=[test_tool_func])
options = ClaudeAgentOptions(
mcp_servers={"test": server},
allowed_tools=["mcp__test__test_tool"]
)
async with ClaudeSDKClient(options=options) as client:
await client.query("use test tool")
# Process response...
assert tool_called
```
### Testing Error Messages
```python
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_error_message_clarity():
"""Test that error messages are helpful."""
with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
await function_with_validation("")
error_msg = str(exc_info.value)
assert "empty" in error_msg.lower()
assert "provide" in error_msg.lower()
```
### Testing Async Cleanup
```python
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_cleanup_on_error():
"""Test resources are cleaned up even on error."""
cleanup_called = False
class Resource:
async def cleanup(self):
nonlocal cleanup_called
cleanup_called = True
try:
async with managed_resource() as r:
raise ValueError("Test error")
except ValueError:
pass
assert cleanup_called
```
## Example Test Suite
```python
"""Comprehensive tests for query() function."""
import pytest
from claude_agent_sdk import (
query,
ClaudeAgentOptions,
AssistantMessage,
CLINotFoundError,
)
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_query_basic_prompt():
"""Test query with basic prompt returns messages."""
results = []
async for msg in query("Hello"):
results.append(msg)
assert len(results) > 0
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_query_with_options():
"""Test query with custom options."""
options = ClaudeAgentOptions(max_turns=1)
results = []
async for msg in query("Test", options=options):
results.append(msg)
assert len(results) > 0
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_query_empty_prompt():
"""Test query with empty prompt handles gracefully."""
results = []
async for msg in query(""):
results.append(msg)
# Should still work, even if Claude responds briefly
assert isinstance(results, list)
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_query_invalid_cli_path():
"""Test query with invalid CLI path raises error."""
options = ClaudeAgentOptions(cli_path="/invalid/path")
with pytest.raises(CLINotFoundError):
async for _ in query("Test", options=options):
pass
@pytest.mark.asyncio
@pytest.mark.parametrize("max_turns", [1, 3, 5])
async def test_query_respects_max_turns(max_turns):
"""Test query respects max_turns setting."""
options = ClaudeAgentOptions(max_turns=max_turns)
turn_count = 0
async for msg in query("Count to 10", options=options):
if isinstance(msg, AssistantMessage):
turn_count += 1
assert turn_count <= max_turns
```
## Final Checklist
Before completing:
- [ ] All happy paths tested
- [ ] Edge cases covered
- [ ] Error cases tested
- [ ] Async patterns correct
- [ ] Fixtures properly scoped
- [ ] Tests are isolated
- [ ] Clear test names
- [ ] Good failure messages
- [ ] Tests actually pass
- [ ] Coverage is adequate
## Running Tests
```bash
# Run all tests
python -m pytest tests/
# Run specific test file
python -m pytest tests/test_query.py
# Run specific test
python -m pytest tests/test_query.py::test_basic_query
# Run with coverage
python -m pytest tests/ --cov=claude_agent_sdk --cov-report=term-missing
# Run in verbose mode
python -m pytest tests/ -v
# Run and stop on first failure
python -m pytest tests/ -x
# Run tests matching pattern
python -m pytest tests/ -k "async"
```
## Tone & Approach
- Write tests that document behavior
- Make tests easy to understand
- Test the important things thoroughly
- Use mocks appropriately (not excessively)
- Think about what could break
- Make failures informative

View file

@ -1,25 +1,45 @@
{
"permissions": {
"allow": [
"Bash(python -m ruff check src/ tests/ --fix)",
"Bash(python -m ruff format src/ tests/)",
"Bash(python -m mypy src/)",
"Bash(python -m pytest tests/)",
"Bash(python -m pytest tests/*)"
"Read",
"Write",
"Edit",
"Grep",
"Glob",
"Bash"
],
"deny": []
},
"hooks": {
"PreToolUse": [
{
"matcher": "Write|Edit",
"type": "prompt",
"prompt": "Before modifying code, ensure:\n1. Type hints are present\n2. Changes follow PEP 8\n3. Ruff/mypy will pass\n\nRespond with 'PROCEED' if ready."
}
],
"PostToolUse": [
{
"hooks": [
{
"type": "command",
"command": "python -m ruff check src/ tests/ --fix && python -m ruff format src/ tests/"
}
],
"matcher": "Edit|Write|MultiEdit"
"matcher": "Write|Edit",
"type": "command",
"command": "python -m ruff check --fix --quiet \"$FILE_PATH\" 2>/dev/null || true"
},
{
"matcher": "Write|Edit",
"type": "command",
"command": "python -m ruff format --quiet \"$FILE_PATH\" 2>/dev/null || true"
}
],
"SessionStart": [
{
"type": "prompt",
"prompt": "Remember: This is the Claude Agent SDK Python project. Always use type hints, follow strict mypy rules, and maintain async patterns. Use pytest-asyncio for tests."
}
]
},
"env": {
"PROJECT_NAME": "claude-agent-sdk",
"PYTHON_VERSION": "3.10+",
"RUFF_OUTPUT_FORMAT": "concise"
}
}
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
---
name: project-conventions
description: Enforces Claude Agent SDK Python project conventions including type safety, async patterns, PEP 8 compliance, and SDK-specific best practices. Use when writing or reviewing code.
allowed-tools: Read, Grep, Glob
---
# Claude Agent SDK Project Conventions
This skill ensures all code follows the strict conventions of the Claude Agent SDK Python project.
## Quick Reference
**Language**: Python 3.10+
**Style**: PEP 8, enforced by Ruff
**Type Checking**: Strict mypy
**Testing**: pytest with pytest-asyncio
**Line Length**: 88 characters
## Type Hints (MANDATORY)
### All Functions Must Have Complete Type Hints
```python
# ✅ CORRECT
async def query(
prompt: str,
options: Optional[ClaudeAgentOptions] = None
) -> AsyncIterator[Message]:
...
# ❌ WRONG - Missing return type
async def query(prompt: str, options: Optional[ClaudeAgentOptions] = None):
...
# ❌ WRONG - Missing parameter types
async def query(prompt, options=None) -> AsyncIterator[Message]:
...
```
### Generic Types Must Be Parameterized
```python
# ✅ CORRECT
from typing import List, Dict, Optional
def get_messages() -> List[Message]:
...
def get_config() -> Dict[str, Any]:
...
# ❌ WRONG - Unparameterized generics
def get_messages() -> list: # Should be List[Message]
...
def get_config() -> dict: # Should be Dict[str, Any]
...
```
### No Implicit Optional
```python
# ✅ CORRECT
from typing import Optional
def process(value: Optional[str] = None) -> Optional[str]:
if value is None:
return None
return value.upper()
# ❌ WRONG - Implicit Optional
def process(value: str = None) -> str: # mypy will complain
...
```
### Use typing_extensions for Python 3.10
```python
# ✅ CORRECT - Compatible with Python 3.10
from typing import List, Dict, Optional
from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
MessageList: TypeAlias = List[Message]
# ✅ ALSO CORRECT - Python 3.10+ syntax
def process() -> list[str]: # Built-in generics work in 3.10+
...
# But prefer typing.List for consistency
```
## Async Patterns (CRITICAL)
### Always Await Async Functions
```python
# ✅ CORRECT
async def caller():
result = await async_function()
return result
# ❌ WRONG - Returns coroutine, not result
async def caller():
result = async_function() # Forgot await!
return result
```
### Use Async Context Managers
```python
# ✅ CORRECT
async with ClaudeSDKClient(options=options) as client:
await client.query("test")
# Automatically cleaned up
# ❌ WRONG - Not using context manager
client = ClaudeSDKClient(options=options)
await client.query("test")
# client not properly closed!
```
### No Blocking Calls in Async Functions
```python
# ✅ CORRECT - Using async I/O
async def read_file(path: Path) -> str:
async with await anyio.open_file(path) as f:
return await f.read()
# ❌ WRONG - Blocking call blocks event loop
async def read_file(path: Path) -> str:
with open(path) as f: # BLOCKING!
return f.read()
```
### Properly Handle AsyncIterator
```python
# ✅ CORRECT - Consuming async iterator
async def process_messages():
async for message in query("test"):
handle_message(message)
# ✅ ALSO CORRECT - Collecting results
messages = []
async for message in query("test"):
messages.append(message)
# ❌ WRONG - Not consuming iterator
iterator = query("test") # Never consumed!
```
## Import Organization
### Order: stdlib, third-party, first-party
```python
# ✅ CORRECT
# Standard library
import json
import logging
from pathlib import Path
from typing import List, Optional
# Third-party
import anyio
from mcp import Server
# First-party
from claude_agent_sdk import ClaudeSDKClient, ClaudeAgentOptions
from claude_agent_sdk._errors import CLINotFoundError
from claude_agent_sdk.types import Message
# ❌ WRONG - Mixed order
from claude_agent_sdk import ClaudeSDKClient
import json
from mcp import Server
import logging
```
### Use Absolute Imports
```python
# ✅ CORRECT
from claude_agent_sdk.types import Message
from claude_agent_sdk._errors import ClaudeSDKError
# ❌ WRONG - Relative imports from src
from .types import Message
from ._errors import ClaudeSDKError
```
## Naming Conventions
### Follow Python Standards
```python
# ✅ CORRECT
class ClaudeSDKClient: # PascalCase for classes
pass
async def query_claude() -> None: # snake_case for functions
pass
MAX_RETRIES = 3 # UPPER_CASE for constants
_internal_function() # Leading underscore for private
# ❌ WRONG
class claude_sdk_client: # Should be PascalCase
pass
def QueryClaude(): # Should be snake_case
pass
max_retries = 3 # Constant should be UPPER_CASE
```
## File Operations
### Use pathlib, Not os.path
```python
# ✅ CORRECT
from pathlib import Path
config_file = Path.home() / ".config" / "claude" / "config.json"
if config_file.exists():
content = config_file.read_text()
# ❌ WRONG - Using os.path
import os
config_file = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), ".config", "claude", "config.json")
if os.path.exists(config_file):
with open(config_file) as f:
content = f.read()
```
## String Formatting
### Use f-strings
```python
# ✅ CORRECT
name = "Claude"
message = f"Hello, {name}!"
# ✅ CORRECT - Multi-line
message = (
f"Hello, {name}! "
f"Welcome to {project}."
)
# ❌ WRONG - Old-style formatting
message = "Hello, %s!" % name
message = "Hello, {}!".format(name)
# ❌ WRONG - String concatenation
message = "Hello, " + name + "!"
```
## Error Handling
### Use Specific Exceptions
```python
# ✅ CORRECT
from claude_agent_sdk._errors import CLINotFoundError, ProcessError
try:
result = await query("test")
except CLINotFoundError:
print("Please install Claude Code")
except ProcessError as e:
print(f"Process failed: {e.exit_code}")
# ❌ WRONG - Catching too broad
try:
result = await query("test")
except Exception: # Too broad!
print("Something went wrong")
```
### Create Custom Exceptions
```python
# ✅ CORRECT - Inherit from ClaudeSDKError
class InvalidToolError(ClaudeSDKError):
"""Raised when tool configuration is invalid."""
pass
# ❌ WRONG - Not inheriting from SDK base
class InvalidToolError(Exception):
pass
```
## Code Style
### Keep Functions Focused
```python
# ✅ CORRECT - Single responsibility
async def send_message(message: str) -> None:
await _validate_message(message)
await _format_message(message)
await _transmit_message(message)
# ❌ WRONG - Too many responsibilities
async def send_message(message: str) -> None:
# 100 lines of validation, formatting, transmission, logging, error handling...
```
### No Code Duplication
```python
# ✅ CORRECT - Extract common logic
def _parse_timestamp(data: dict) -> datetime:
return datetime.fromisoformat(data["timestamp"])
def parse_message(data: dict) -> Message:
timestamp = _parse_timestamp(data)
...
def parse_event(data: dict) -> Event:
timestamp = _parse_timestamp(data)
...
# ❌ WRONG - Duplicated parsing
def parse_message(data: dict) -> Message:
timestamp = datetime.fromisoformat(data["timestamp"])
...
def parse_event(data: dict) -> Event:
timestamp = datetime.fromisoformat(data["timestamp"]) # Duplicate!
...
```
### Use Comprehensions
```python
# ✅ CORRECT
messages = [msg for msg in all_messages if msg.type == "assistant"]
ids = {msg.id for msg in messages}
# ❌ WRONG - Verbose loop
messages = []
for msg in all_messages:
if msg.type == "assistant":
messages.append(msg)
```
## Documentation
### Docstrings for Public APIs
```python
# ✅ CORRECT
async def query(
prompt: str,
options: Optional[ClaudeAgentOptions] = None
) -> AsyncIterator[Message]:
"""Query Claude with a prompt and receive streaming responses.
Args:
prompt: The user's prompt to send to Claude
options: Optional configuration for the query
Yields:
Message objects from Claude's response stream
Raises:
CLINotFoundError: If Claude Code CLI is not installed
ProcessError: If the CLI process fails
Example:
>>> async for message in query("Hello"):
... print(message)
"""
...
```
### Comments Explain "Why", Not "What"
```python
# ✅ CORRECT
# Use exponential backoff to avoid overwhelming the API during outages
await anyio.sleep(2 ** retry_count)
# ❌ WRONG - Obvious from code
# Sleep for 2 seconds
await anyio.sleep(2)
```
## Testing Requirements
### All New Code Needs Tests
```python
# For every new function in src/claude_agent_sdk/foo.py
# Create tests in tests/test_foo.py
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_new_feature():
"""Test the new feature works correctly."""
result = await new_feature()
assert result == expected
```
### Use pytest-asyncio for Async Tests
```python
# ✅ CORRECT
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_async_function():
result = await async_function()
assert result
# ❌ WRONG - Missing decorator
async def test_async_function(): # Won't run as async!
result = await async_function()
assert result
```
## Security
### Never Commit Secrets
```python
# ✅ CORRECT
import os
api_key = os.environ.get("ANTHROPIC_API_KEY")
# ❌ WRONG
api_key = "sk-ant-1234567890" # NEVER COMMIT!
```
### Validate User Input
```python
# ✅ CORRECT
def set_max_turns(value: int) -> None:
if value < 1:
raise ValueError("max_turns must be at least 1")
if value > 100:
raise ValueError("max_turns must not exceed 100")
self.max_turns = value
# ❌ WRONG - No validation
def set_max_turns(value: int) -> None:
self.max_turns = value # What if negative or huge?
```
## CLI Command Examples
### Running Code Quality Checks
```bash
# Format code
python -m ruff format src/ tests/
# Lint and auto-fix
python -m ruff check src/ tests/ --fix
# Type check
python -m mypy src/
# Run tests
python -m pytest tests/
# Run tests with coverage
python -m pytest tests/ --cov=claude_agent_sdk --cov-report=term-missing
```
## Common Mistakes to Avoid
### ❌ Mistake: Using `Any` unnecessarily
```python
# Wrong
def process(data: Any) -> Any:
...
# Better
def process(data: Dict[str, str]) -> List[Message]:
...
```
### ❌ Mistake: Not using context managers
```python
# Wrong
client = ClaudeSDKClient()
result = await client.query("test")
# Correct
async with ClaudeSDKClient() as client:
result = await client.query("test")
```
### ❌ Mistake: Catching exceptions too broadly
```python
# Wrong
try:
result = await query("test")
except: # Catches everything, even KeyboardInterrupt!
pass
# Correct
try:
result = await query("test")
except CLINotFoundError:
handle_cli_not_found()
except ProcessError as e:
handle_process_error(e)
```
### ❌ Mistake: Not awaiting coroutines
```python
# Wrong
async def caller():
result = async_function() # Returns coroutine!
return result
# Correct
async def caller():
result = await async_function()
return result
```
## Pre-commit Checklist
Before committing code:
- [ ] All type hints present
- [ ] No mypy errors: `python -m mypy src/`
- [ ] No ruff errors: `python -m ruff check src/ tests/`
- [ ] Code formatted: `python -m ruff format src/ tests/`
- [ ] Tests pass: `python -m pytest tests/`
- [ ] New code has tests
- [ ] Docstrings for public APIs
- [ ] No secrets in code
## Quick Fix Commands
```bash
# Fix most issues automatically
python -m ruff check src/ tests/ --fix
python -m ruff format src/ tests/
# Check types
python -m mypy src/
# Run tests
python -m pytest tests/ -v
```
## Remember
- **Type safety is non-negotiable** - strict mypy must pass
- **Async patterns are critical** - always await, no blocking calls
- **Tests are required** - no untested code
- **PEP 8 compliance** - ruff enforces this
- **Security first** - validate input, no secrets
When in doubt, look at existing code in the project for examples!