Improve FastAPI SSE streaming fix with safety limits

Add critical safety mechanisms to the sequential stderr reading approach:
- 10MB memory limit on stderr collection with truncation message
- 30 second timeout protection to prevent hanging
- Proper exit code based error detection instead of string matching
- Debug logging for stderr on successful runs
- Better exception handling for edge cases

This addresses potential production issues while maintaining FastAPI compatibility.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/claude_code_sdk/_internal/transport/subprocess_cli.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 """Subprocess transport implementation using Claude Code CLI."""
 
 import json
+import logging
 import os
 import shutil
 from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
@@ -17,6 +18,8 @@ from ..._errors import CLIJSONDecodeError as SDKJSONDecodeError
 from ...types import ClaudeCodeOptions
 from . import Transport
 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 _MAX_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024 * 1024  # 1MB buffer limit
 
 
@@ -170,6 +173,10 @@ class SubprocessCLITransport(Transport):
         if not self._process or not self._stdout_stream:
             raise CLIConnectionError("Not connected")
 
+        # Safety constants
+        MAX_STDERR_SIZE = 10 * 1024 * 1024  # 10MB
+        STDERR_TIMEOUT = 30.0  # 30 seconds
+
         json_buffer = ""
 
         # Process stdout messages first
@@ -210,25 +217,60 @@ class SubprocessCLITransport(Transport):
 
         except anyio.ClosedResourceError:
             pass
+        except GeneratorExit:
+            # Client disconnected - still need to clean up
+            pass
 
-        # Read stderr after stdout completes (no concurrent task group)
+        # Process stderr with safety limits
         stderr_lines = []
+        stderr_size = 0
+
         if self._stderr_stream:
             try:
+                # Use timeout to prevent hanging
+                with anyio.fail_after(STDERR_TIMEOUT):
                     async for line in self._stderr_stream:
-                    stderr_lines.append(line.strip())
+                        line_text = line.strip()
+                        line_size = len(line_text)
+
+                        # Enforce memory limit
+                        if stderr_size + line_size > MAX_STDERR_SIZE:
+                            stderr_lines.append(
+                                f"[stderr truncated after {stderr_size} bytes]"
+                            )
+                            # Drain rest of stream without storing
+                            async for _ in self._stderr_stream:
+                                pass
+                            break
+
+                        stderr_lines.append(line_text)
+                        stderr_size += line_size
+
+            except TimeoutError:
+                stderr_lines.append(
+                    f"[stderr collection timed out after {STDERR_TIMEOUT}s]"
+                )
             except anyio.ClosedResourceError:
                 pass
 
-        await self._process.wait()
-        if self._process.returncode is not None and self._process.returncode != 0:
-            stderr_output = "\n".join(stderr_lines)
-            if stderr_output and "error" in stderr_output.lower():
+        # Check process completion and handle errors
+        try:
+            returncode = await self._process.wait()
+        except Exception:
+            returncode = -1
+
+        stderr_output = "\n".join(stderr_lines) if stderr_lines else ""
+
+        # Use exit code for error detection, not string matching
+        if returncode != 0:
             raise ProcessError(
-                    "CLI process failed",
-                    exit_code=self._process.returncode,
+                f"Command failed with exit code {returncode}",
+                exit_code=returncode,
                 stderr=stderr_output,
             )
+        elif stderr_output:
+            # Log stderr for debugging but don't fail on non-zero exit
+            logger.debug(f"Process stderr: {stderr_output}")
 
     def is_connected(self) -> bool:
         """Check if subprocess is running."""