gh-90815: Add mimalloc memory allocator (#109914)

* Add mimalloc v2.12

Modified src/alloc.c to remove include of alloc-override.c and not
compile new handler.

Did not include the following files:

 - include/mimalloc-new-delete.h
 - include/mimalloc-override.h
 - src/alloc-override-osx.c
 - src/alloc-override.c
 - src/static.c
 - src/region.c

mimalloc is thread safe and shares a single heap across all runtimes,
therefore finalization and getting global allocated blocks across all
runtimes is different.

* mimalloc: minimal changes for use in Python:

 - remove debug spam for freeing large allocations
 - use same bytes (0xDD) for freed allocations in CPython and mimalloc
   This is important for the test_capi debug memory tests

* Don't export mimalloc symbol in libpython.
* Enable mimalloc as Python allocator option.
* Add mimalloc MIT license.
* Log mimalloc in Lib/test/pythoninfo.py.
* Document new mimalloc support.
* Use macro defs for exports as done in:
  https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/31164/

Co-authored-by: Sam Gross <colesbury@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>

Objects/mimalloc/bitmap.h

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Copyright (c) 2019-2023 Microsoft Research, Daan Leijen
+This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
+"LICENSE" at the root of this distribution.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Concurrent bitmap that can set/reset sequences of bits atomically,
+represeted as an array of fields where each field is a machine word (`size_t`)
+
+There are two api's; the standard one cannot have sequences that cross
+between the bitmap fields (and a sequence must be <= MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS).
+(this is used in region allocation)
+
+The `_across` postfixed functions do allow sequences that can cross over
+between the fields. (This is used in arena allocation)
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+#pragma once
+#ifndef MI_BITMAP_H
+#define MI_BITMAP_H
+
+/* -----------------------------------------------------------
+  Bitmap definition
+----------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS   (8*MI_SIZE_SIZE)
+#define MI_BITMAP_FIELD_FULL   (~((size_t)0))   // all bits set
+
+// An atomic bitmap of `size_t` fields
+typedef _Atomic(size_t)  mi_bitmap_field_t;
+typedef mi_bitmap_field_t*  mi_bitmap_t;
+
+// A bitmap index is the index of the bit in a bitmap.
+typedef size_t mi_bitmap_index_t;
+
+// Create a bit index.
+static inline mi_bitmap_index_t mi_bitmap_index_create(size_t idx, size_t bitidx) {
+  mi_assert_internal(bitidx < MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS);
+  return (idx*MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS) + bitidx;
+}
+
+// Create a bit index.
+static inline mi_bitmap_index_t mi_bitmap_index_create_from_bit(size_t full_bitidx) {
+  return mi_bitmap_index_create(full_bitidx / MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS, full_bitidx % MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS);
+}
+
+// Get the field index from a bit index.
+static inline size_t mi_bitmap_index_field(mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx) {
+  return (bitmap_idx / MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS);
+}
+
+// Get the bit index in a bitmap field
+static inline size_t mi_bitmap_index_bit_in_field(mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx) {
+  return (bitmap_idx % MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS);
+}
+
+// Get the full bit index
+static inline size_t mi_bitmap_index_bit(mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx) {
+  return bitmap_idx;
+}
+
+/* -----------------------------------------------------------
+  Claim a bit sequence atomically
+----------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+// Try to atomically claim a sequence of `count` bits in a single
+// field at `idx` in `bitmap`. Returns `true` on success.
+bool _mi_bitmap_try_find_claim_field(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t idx, const size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t* bitmap_idx);
+
+// Starts at idx, and wraps around to search in all `bitmap_fields` fields.
+// For now, `count` can be at most MI_BITMAP_FIELD_BITS and will never cross fields.
+bool _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, const size_t bitmap_fields, const size_t start_field_idx, const size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t* bitmap_idx);
+
+// Like _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim but with an extra predicate that must be fullfilled
+typedef bool (mi_cdecl *mi_bitmap_pred_fun_t)(mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx, void* pred_arg);
+bool _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim_pred(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, const size_t bitmap_fields, const size_t start_field_idx, const size_t count, mi_bitmap_pred_fun_t pred_fun, void* pred_arg, mi_bitmap_index_t* bitmap_idx);
+
+// Set `count` bits at `bitmap_idx` to 0 atomically
+// Returns `true` if all `count` bits were 1 previously.
+bool _mi_bitmap_unclaim(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx);
+
+// Try to set `count` bits at `bitmap_idx` from 0 to 1 atomically.
+// Returns `true` if successful when all previous `count` bits were 0.
+bool _mi_bitmap_try_claim(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx);
+
+// Set `count` bits at `bitmap_idx` to 1 atomically
+// Returns `true` if all `count` bits were 0 previously. `any_zero` is `true` if there was at least one zero bit.
+bool _mi_bitmap_claim(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx, bool* any_zero);
+
+bool _mi_bitmap_is_claimed(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx);
+bool _mi_bitmap_is_any_claimed(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx);
+
+
+//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// the `_across` functions work on bitmaps where sequences can cross over
+// between the fields. This is used in arena allocation
+//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Find `count` bits of zeros and set them to 1 atomically; returns `true` on success.
+// Starts at idx, and wraps around to search in all `bitmap_fields` fields.
+bool _mi_bitmap_try_find_from_claim_across(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, const size_t bitmap_fields, const size_t start_field_idx, const size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t* bitmap_idx);
+
+// Set `count` bits at `bitmap_idx` to 0 atomically
+// Returns `true` if all `count` bits were 1 previously.
+bool _mi_bitmap_unclaim_across(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx);
+
+// Set `count` bits at `bitmap_idx` to 1 atomically
+// Returns `true` if all `count` bits were 0 previously. `any_zero` is `true` if there was at least one zero bit.
+bool _mi_bitmap_claim_across(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx, bool* pany_zero);
+
+bool _mi_bitmap_is_claimed_across(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx);
+bool _mi_bitmap_is_any_claimed_across(mi_bitmap_t bitmap, size_t bitmap_fields, size_t count, mi_bitmap_index_t bitmap_idx);
+
+#endif