gh-87729: add LOAD_SUPER_ATTR instruction for faster super() (#103497)

This speeds up `super()` (by around 85%, for a simple one-level
`super().meth()` microbenchmark) by avoiding allocation of a new
single-use `super()` object on each use.

Python/compile.c

@@ -829,6 +829,10 @@ stack_effect(int opcode, int oparg, int jump)
 
         case LOAD_METHOD:
             return 1;
+        case LOAD_SUPER_METHOD:
+        case LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_METHOD:
+        case LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_ATTR:
+            return -1;
         default:
             return PY_INVALID_STACK_EFFECT;
     }
@@ -1047,6 +1051,24 @@ compiler_addop_name(struct compiler_unit *u, location loc,
         arg <<= 1;
         arg |= 1;
     }
+    if (opcode == LOAD_SUPER_ATTR) {
+        arg <<= 2;
+        arg |= 2;
+    }
+    if (opcode == LOAD_SUPER_METHOD) {
+        opcode = LOAD_SUPER_ATTR;
+        arg <<= 2;
+        arg |= 3;
+    }
+    if (opcode == LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_ATTR) {
+        opcode = LOAD_SUPER_ATTR;
+        arg <<= 2;
+    }
+    if (opcode == LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_METHOD) {
+        opcode = LOAD_SUPER_ATTR;
+        arg <<= 2;
+        arg |= 1;
+    }
     return codegen_addop_i(&u->u_instr_sequence, opcode, arg, loc);
 }
 
@@ -4230,6 +4252,89 @@ is_import_originated(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
     return flags & DEF_IMPORT;
 }
 
+static int
+can_optimize_super_call(struct compiler *c, expr_ty attr)
+{
+    expr_ty e = attr->v.Attribute.value;
+    if (e->kind != Call_kind ||
+        e->v.Call.func->kind != Name_kind ||
+        !_PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(e->v.Call.func->v.Name.id, "super") ||
+        _PyUnicode_EqualToASCIIString(attr->v.Attribute.attr, "__class__") ||
+        asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Call.keywords) != 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    Py_ssize_t num_args = asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Call.args);
+
+    PyObject *super_name = e->v.Call.func->v.Name.id;
+    // detect statically-visible shadowing of 'super' name
+    int scope = _PyST_GetScope(c->u->u_ste, super_name);
+    if (scope != GLOBAL_IMPLICIT) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    scope = _PyST_GetScope(c->c_st->st_top, super_name);
+    if (scope != 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (num_args == 2) {
+        for (Py_ssize_t i = 0; i < num_args; i++) {
+            expr_ty elt = asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Call.args, i);
+            if (elt->kind == Starred_kind) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+        // exactly two non-starred args; we can just load
+        // the provided args
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (num_args != 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    // we need the following for zero-arg super():
+
+    // enclosing function should have at least one argument
+    if (c->u->u_metadata.u_argcount == 0 &&
+        c->u->u_metadata.u_posonlyargcount == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    // __class__ cell should be available
+    if (get_ref_type(c, &_Py_ID(__class__)) == FREE) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+load_args_for_super(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e) {
+    location loc = LOC(e);
+
+    // load super() global
+    PyObject *super_name = e->v.Call.func->v.Name.id;
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, loc, super_name, Load));
+
+    if (asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Call.args) == 2) {
+        VISIT(c, expr, asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Call.args, 0));
+        VISIT(c, expr, asdl_seq_GET(e->v.Call.args, 1));
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    // load __class__ cell
+    PyObject *name = &_Py_ID(__class__);
+    assert(get_ref_type(c, name) == FREE);
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, loc, name, Load));
+
+    // load self (first argument)
+    Py_ssize_t i = 0;
+    PyObject *key, *value;
+    if (!PyDict_Next(c->u->u_metadata.u_varnames, &i, &key, &value)) {
+        return ERROR;
+    }
+    RETURN_IF_ERROR(compiler_nameop(c, loc, key, Load));
+
+    return SUCCESS;
+}
+
 // If an attribute access spans multiple lines, update the current start
 // location to point to the attribute name.
 static location
@@ -4297,11 +4402,21 @@ maybe_optimize_method_call(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
             return 0;
         }
     }
+
     /* Alright, we can optimize the code. */
-    VISIT(c, expr, meth->v.Attribute.value);
     location loc = LOC(meth);
-    loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, loc, meth);
-    ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, LOAD_METHOD, meth->v.Attribute.attr, names);
+
+    if (can_optimize_super_call(c, meth)) {
+        RETURN_IF_ERROR(load_args_for_super(c, meth->v.Attribute.value));
+        int opcode = asdl_seq_LEN(meth->v.Attribute.value->v.Call.args) ?
+            LOAD_SUPER_METHOD : LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_METHOD;
+        ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, opcode, meth->v.Attribute.attr, names);
+    } else {
+        VISIT(c, expr, meth->v.Attribute.value);
+        loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, loc, meth);
+        ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, LOAD_METHOD, meth->v.Attribute.attr, names);
+    }
+
     VISIT_SEQ(c, expr, e->v.Call.args);
 
     if (kwdsl) {
@@ -5309,6 +5424,13 @@ compiler_visit_expr1(struct compiler *c, expr_ty e)
         return compiler_formatted_value(c, e);
     /* The following exprs can be assignment targets. */
     case Attribute_kind:
+        if (e->v.Attribute.ctx == Load && can_optimize_super_call(c, e)) {
+            RETURN_IF_ERROR(load_args_for_super(c, e->v.Attribute.value));
+            int opcode = asdl_seq_LEN(e->v.Attribute.value->v.Call.args) ?
+                LOAD_SUPER_ATTR : LOAD_ZERO_SUPER_ATTR;
+            ADDOP_NAME(c, loc, opcode, e->v.Attribute.attr, names);
+            return SUCCESS;
+        }
         VISIT(c, expr, e->v.Attribute.value);
         loc = LOC(e);
         loc = update_start_location_to_match_attr(c, loc, e);