[3.12] gh-107471: Fix Refleaks in test_import (gh-107569) (#107571)

gh-107471: Fix Refleaks in test_import (gh-107569)

gh-107184 introduced a refleak in test_import.SubinterpImportTests (specifically test_singlephase_check_with_setting_and_override and test_single_init_extension_compat).  We fix it here by making sure _testsinglephase is removed from sys.modules whenever we clear the runtime's internal state for the module.

The underlying problem is strictly contained in the internal function _PyImport_ClearExtension() (AKA _testinternalcapi.clear_extension()), which is only used in tests.

(This also fixes an intermittent segfault introduced in the same place, in test_disallowed_reimport.)
(cherry picked from commit 017f047183)

Co-authored-by: Eric Snow <ericsnowcurrently@gmail.com>

Python/import.c

@@ -1080,6 +1080,7 @@ _extensions_cache_delete(PyObject *filename, PyObject *name)
        However, this decref would be problematic if the module def were
        dynamically allocated, it were the last ref, and this function
        were called with an interpreter other than the def's owner. */
+    assert(_Py_IsImmortal(entry->value));
     entry->value = NULL;
 
 finally: