#2830: add html.escape() helper and move cgi.escape() uses in the standard library to it. It defaults to quote=True and also escapes single quotes, which makes casual use safer. The cgi.escape() interface is not touched, but emits a (silent) PendingDeprecationWarning.

Doc/howto/webservers.rst

@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ following WSGI-application::
     # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
 
     import sys, os
-    from cgi import escape
+    from html import escape
     from flup.server.fcgi import WSGIServer
 
     def app(environ, start_response):

Doc/library/cgi.rst

@@ -328,9 +328,9 @@ algorithms implemented in this module in other circumstances.
    attribute value delimited by double quotes, as in ``<a href="...">``.  Note
    that single quotes are never translated.
 
-   If the value to be quoted might include single- or double-quote characters,
+   .. deprecated:: 3.2
-   or both, consider using the :func:`~xml.sax.saxutils.quoteattr` function in the
+      This function is unsafe because *quote* is false by default, and therefore
-   :mod:`xml.sax.saxutils` module instead.
+      deprecated.  Use :func:`html.escape` instead.
 
 
 .. _cgi-security:
@@ -508,8 +508,8 @@ Common problems and solutions
 
 .. rubric:: Footnotes
 
-.. [#] Note that some recent versions of the HTML specification do state what order the
+.. [#] Note that some recent versions of the HTML specification do state what
-   field values should be supplied in, but knowing whether a request was
+   order the field values should be supplied in, but knowing whether a request
-   received from a conforming browser, or even from a browser at all, is tedious
+   was received from a conforming browser, or even from a browser at all, is
-   and error-prone.
+   tedious and error-prone.
 

Doc/library/html.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+:mod:`html` --- HyperText Markup Language support
+=================================================
+
+.. module:: html
+   :synopsis: Helpers for manipulating HTML.
+
+.. versionadded:: 3.2
+
+
+This module defines utilities to manipulate HTML.
+
+.. function:: escape(s, quote=True)
+
+   Convert the characters ``&``, ``<`` and ``>`` in string *s* to HTML-safe
+   sequences.  Use this if you need to display text that might contain such
+   characters in HTML.  If the optional flag *quote* is true, the characters
+   (``"``) and (``'``) are also translated; this helps for inclusion in an HTML
+   attribute value delimited by quotes, as in ``<a href="...">``.

Doc/library/markup.rst

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ definition of the Python bindings for the DOM and SAX interfaces.
 
 .. toctree::
 
+   html.rst
    html.parser.rst
    html.entities.rst
    pyexpat.rst

Lib/cgi.py

@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ __version__ = "2.6"
 # Imports
 # =======
 
-from operator import attrgetter
 from io import StringIO
 import sys
 import os
 import urllib.parse
 import email.parser
 from warnings import warn
+import html
 
 __all__ = ["MiniFieldStorage", "FieldStorage",
            "parse", "parse_qs", "parse_qsl", "parse_multipart",
@@ -800,8 +800,8 @@ def print_exception(type=None, value=None, tb=None, limit=None):
     list = traceback.format_tb(tb, limit) + \
            traceback.format_exception_only(type, value)
     print("<PRE>%s<B>%s</B></PRE>" % (
-        escape("".join(list[:-1])),
+        html.escape("".join(list[:-1])),
-        escape(list[-1]),
+        html.escape(list[-1]),
         ))
     del tb
 
@@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ def print_environ(environ=os.environ):
     print("<H3>Shell Environment:</H3>")
     print("<DL>")
     for key in keys:
-        print("<DT>", escape(key), "<DD>", escape(environ[key]))
+        print("<DT>", html.escape(key), "<DD>", html.escape(environ[key]))
     print("</DL>")
     print()
 
@@ -825,10 +825,10 @@ def print_form(form):
         print("<P>No form fields.")
     print("<DL>")
     for key in keys:
-        print("<DT>" + escape(key) + ":", end=' ')
+        print("<DT>" + html.escape(key) + ":", end=' ')
         value = form[key]
-        print("<i>" + escape(repr(type(value))) + "</i>")
+        print("<i>" + html.escape(repr(type(value))) + "</i>")
-        print("<DD>" + escape(repr(value)))
+        print("<DD>" + html.escape(repr(value)))
     print("</DL>")
     print()
 
@@ -839,9 +839,9 @@ def print_directory():
     try:
         pwd = os.getcwd()
     except os.error as msg:
-        print("os.error:", escape(str(msg)))
+        print("os.error:", html.escape(str(msg)))
     else:
-        print(escape(pwd))
+        print(html.escape(pwd))
     print()
 
 def print_arguments():
@@ -899,9 +899,9 @@ environment as well.  Here are some common variable names:
 # =========
 
 def escape(s, quote=None):
-    '''Replace special characters "&", "<" and ">" to HTML-safe sequences.
+    """Deprecated API."""
-    If the optional flag quote is true, the quotation mark character (")
+    warn("cgi.escape is deprecated, use html.escape instead",
-    is also translated.'''
+         PendingDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
     s = s.replace("&", "&amp;") # Must be done first!
     s = s.replace("<", "&lt;")
     s = s.replace(">", "&gt;")
@@ -909,6 +909,7 @@ def escape(s, quote=None):
         s = s.replace('"', "&quot;")
     return s
 
+
 def valid_boundary(s, _vb_pattern="^[ -~]{0,200}[!-~]$"):
     import re
     return re.match(_vb_pattern, s)

Lib/html/__init__.py

@@ -1 +1,20 @@
-# This directory is a Python package.
+"""
+General functions for HTML manipulation.
+"""
+
+
+_escape_map = {ord('&'): '&amp;', ord('<'): '&lt;', ord('>'): '&gt;'}
+_escape_map_full = {ord('&'): '&amp;', ord('<'): '&lt;', ord('>'): '&gt;',
+                    ord('"'): '&quot;', ord('\''): '&#x27;'}
+
+# NB: this is a candidate for a bytes/string polymorphic interface
+
+def escape(s, quote=True):
+    """
+    Replace special characters "&", "<" and ">" to HTML-safe sequences.
+    If the optional flag quote is true (the default), the quotation mark
+    character (") is also translated.
+    """
+    if quote:
+        return s.translate(_escape_map_full)
+    return s.translate(_escape_map)

Lib/http/server.py

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ __version__ = "0.6"
 
 __all__ = ["HTTPServer", "BaseHTTPRequestHandler"]
 
-import cgi
+import html
 import email.message
 import email.parser
 import http.client
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ class SimpleHTTPRequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
             return None
         list.sort(key=lambda a: a.lower())
         r = []
-        displaypath = cgi.escape(urllib.parse.unquote(self.path))
+        displaypath = html.escape(urllib.parse.unquote(self.path))
         r.append('<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">')
         r.append("<html>\n<title>Directory listing for %s</title>\n" % displaypath)
         r.append("<body>\n<h2>Directory listing for %s</h2>\n" % displaypath)
@@ -721,7 +721,7 @@ class SimpleHTTPRequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
                 displayname = name + "@"
                 # Note: a link to a directory displays with @ and links with /
             r.append('<li><a href="%s">%s</a>\n'
-                    % (urllib.parse.quote(linkname), cgi.escape(displayname)))
+                    % (urllib.parse.quote(linkname), html.escape(displayname)))
         r.append("</ul>\n<hr>\n</body>\n</html>\n")
         enc = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
         encoded = ''.join(r).encode(enc)

Lib/lib2to3/tests/test_util.py

@@ -568,8 +568,8 @@ class Test_touch_import(support.TestCase):
 
     def test_from_import(self):
         node = parse('bar()')
-        fixer_util.touch_import("cgi", "escape", node)
+        fixer_util.touch_import("html", "escape", node)
-        self.assertEqual(str(node), 'from cgi import escape\nbar()\n\n')
+        self.assertEqual(str(node), 'from html import escape\nbar()\n\n')
 
     def test_name_import(self):
         node = parse('bar()')

Lib/test/test_html.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"""
+Tests for the html module functions.
+"""
+
+import html
+import unittest
+from test.support import run_unittest
+
+
+class HtmlTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_escape(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            html.escape('\'<script>"&foo;"</script>\''),
+            '&#x27;&lt;script&gt;&quot;&amp;foo;&quot;&lt;/script&gt;&#x27;')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            html.escape('\'<script>"&foo;"</script>\'', False),
+            '\'&lt;script&gt;"&amp;foo;"&lt;/script&gt;\'')
+
+
+def test_main():
+    run_unittest(HtmlTests)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_main()

Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # except if the test is specific to the Python implementation.
 
 import sys
-import cgi
+import html
 import unittest
 
 from test import support
@@ -1328,7 +1328,7 @@ XINCLUDE["default.xml"] = """\
   <p>Example.</p>
   <xi:include href="{}"/>
 </document>
-""".format(cgi.escape(SIMPLE_XMLFILE, True))
+""".format(html.escape(SIMPLE_XMLFILE, True))
 
 def xinclude_loader(href, parse="xml", encoding=None):
     try:

Misc/NEWS

@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@ Core and Builtins
 Library
 -------
 
+- Issue #2830: Add the ``html.escape()`` function, which quotes all problematic
+  characters by default.  Deprecate ``cgi.escape()``.  
+
 - Issue 9409: Fix the regex to match all kind of filenames, for interactive
   debugging in doctests.