diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2022-02-13-21-53-29.bpo-43464.yupHjd.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2022-02-13-21-53-29.bpo-43464.yupHjd.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a67ce7c9688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2022-02-13-21-53-29.bpo-43464.yupHjd.rst	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Optimize :meth:`set.intersection` for non-set arguments.
diff --git a/Objects/setobject.c b/Objects/setobject.c
index 022ae8e7f93..18dc49be93d 100644
--- a/Objects/setobject.c
+++ b/Objects/setobject.c
@@ -1240,6 +1240,10 @@ set_intersection(PySetObject *so, PyObject *other)
         if (rv) {
             if (set_add_entry(result, key, hash))
                 goto error;
+            if (PySet_GET_SIZE(result) >= PySet_GET_SIZE(so)) {
+                Py_DECREF(key);
+                break;
+            }
         }
         Py_DECREF(key);
     }