[3.12] gh-107801: Improve the accuracy of os.lseek docs (#107935) (#108136)

- name the last parameter *whence*, like it is for seek() methods on
  file objects
- add param docstrings
- structure the valid *whence* params

(cherry picked from commit dd4442c8f5)

Co-authored-by: Adam Turner <9087854+AA-Turner@users.noreply.github.com>

Doc/library/os.rst

@@ -1163,17 +1163,22 @@ as internal buffering of data.
    .. versionadded:: 3.11
 
 
-.. function:: lseek(fd, pos, how, /)
+.. function:: lseek(fd, pos, whence, /)
 
    Set the current position of file descriptor *fd* to position *pos*, modified
-   by *how*: :const:`SEEK_SET` or ``0`` to set the position relative to the
+   by *whence*, and return the new position in bytes relative to
-   beginning of the file; :const:`SEEK_CUR` or ``1`` to set it relative to the
+   the start of the file.
-   current position; :const:`SEEK_END` or ``2`` to set it relative to the end of
+   Valid values for *whence* are:
-   the file. Return the new cursor position in bytes, starting from the beginning.
+
+   * :const:`SEEK_SET` or ``0`` -- set *pos* relative to the beginning of the file
+   * :const:`SEEK_CUR` or ``1`` -- set *pos* relative to the current file position
+   * :const:`SEEK_END` or ``2`` -- set *pos* relative to the end of the file
+   * :const:`SEEK_HOLE` -- set *pos* to the next data location, relative to *pos*
+   * :const:`SEEK_DATA` -- set *pos* to the next data hole, relative to *pos*
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.3
 
-      Add support for :const:`SEEK_HOLE` and :const:`SEEK_DATA`.
+      Add support for :const:`!SEEK_HOLE` and :const:`!SEEK_DATA`.
 
 
 .. data:: SEEK_SET

Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h

@@ -6496,13 +6496,22 @@ exit:
 #endif /* defined(HAVE_LOCKF) */
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(os_lseek__doc__,
-"lseek($module, fd, position, how, /)\n"
+"lseek($module, fd, position, whence, /)\n"
 "--\n"
 "\n"
 "Set the position of a file descriptor.  Return the new position.\n"
 "\n"
-"Return the new cursor position in number of bytes\n"
+"  fd\n"
-"relative to the beginning of the file.");
+"    An open file descriptor, as returned by os.open().\n"
+"  position\n"
+"    Position, interpreted relative to \'whence\'.\n"
+"  whence\n"
+"    The relative position to seek from. Valid values are:\n"
+"    - SEEK_SET: seek from the start of the file.\n"
+"    - SEEK_CUR: seek from the current file position.\n"
+"    - SEEK_END: seek from the end of the file.\n"
+"\n"
+"The return value is the number of bytes relative to the beginning of the file.");
 
 #define OS_LSEEK_METHODDEF    \
     {"lseek", _PyCFunction_CAST(os_lseek), METH_FASTCALL, os_lseek__doc__},
@@ -11990,4 +11999,4 @@ exit:
 #ifndef OS_WAITSTATUS_TO_EXITCODE_METHODDEF
     #define OS_WAITSTATUS_TO_EXITCODE_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(OS_WAITSTATUS_TO_EXITCODE_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=9d8b0d6717c9af54 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=6646be70849f971f input=a9049054013a1b77]*/

Modules/posixmodule.c

@@ -10421,19 +10421,24 @@ os_lockf_impl(PyObject *module, int fd, int command, Py_off_t length)
 os.lseek -> Py_off_t
 
     fd: int
+        An open file descriptor, as returned by os.open().
     position: Py_off_t
-    how: int
+        Position, interpreted relative to 'whence'.
+    whence as how: int
+        The relative position to seek from. Valid values are:
+        - SEEK_SET: seek from the start of the file.
+        - SEEK_CUR: seek from the current file position.
+        - SEEK_END: seek from the end of the file.
     /
 
 Set the position of a file descriptor.  Return the new position.
 
-Return the new cursor position in number of bytes
+The return value is the number of bytes relative to the beginning of the file.
-relative to the beginning of the file.
 [clinic start generated code]*/
 
 static Py_off_t
 os_lseek_impl(PyObject *module, int fd, Py_off_t position, int how)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=971e1efb6b30bd2f input=902654ad3f96a6d3]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=971e1efb6b30bd2f input=f096e754c5367504]*/
 {
     Py_off_t result;