bpo-36492: Deprecate passing some arguments as keyword arguments. (GH-12637)

Deprecated passing the following arguments as keyword arguments:

- "func" in functools.partialmethod(), weakref.finalize(),
  profile.Profile.runcall(), cProfile.Profile.runcall(),
  bdb.Bdb.runcall(), trace.Trace.runfunc() and
  curses.wrapper().
- "function" in unittest.addModuleCleanup() and
  unittest.TestCase.addCleanup().
- "fn" in the submit() method of concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor
  and concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor.
- "callback" in contextlib.ExitStack.callback(),
  contextlib.AsyncExitStack.callback() and
  contextlib.AsyncExitStack.push_async_callback().
- "c" and "typeid" in the create() method of multiprocessing.managers.Server
  and multiprocessing.managers.SharedMemoryServer.
- "obj" in weakref.finalize().

Also allowed to pass arbitrary keyword arguments (even "self" and "func")
if the above arguments are passed as positional argument.

Lib/multiprocessing/managers.py

@@ -358,10 +358,36 @@ class Server(object):
         finally:
             self.stop_event.set()
 
-    def create(self, c, typeid, *args, **kwds):
+    def create(*args, **kwds):
         '''
         Create a new shared object and return its id
         '''
+        if len(args) >= 3:
+            self, c, typeid, *args = args
+        elif not args:
+            raise TypeError("descriptor 'create' of 'Server' object "
+                            "needs an argument")
+        else:
+            if 'typeid' not in kwds:
+                raise TypeError('create expected at least 2 positional '
+                                'arguments, got %d' % (len(args)-1))
+            typeid = kwds.pop('typeid')
+            if len(args) >= 2:
+                self, c, *args = args
+                import warnings
+                warnings.warn("Passing 'typeid' as keyword argument is deprecated",
+                              DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+            else:
+                if 'c' not in kwds:
+                    raise TypeError('create expected at least 2 positional '
+                                    'arguments, got %d' % (len(args)-1))
+                c = kwds.pop('c')
+                self, *args = args
+                import warnings
+                warnings.warn("Passing 'c' as keyword argument is deprecated",
+                              DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+        args = tuple(args)
+
         with self.mutex:
             callable, exposed, method_to_typeid, proxytype = \
                       self.registry[typeid]
@@ -583,10 +609,13 @@ class BaseManager(object):
         util.info('manager serving at %r', server.address)
         server.serve_forever()
 
-    def _create(self, typeid, *args, **kwds):
+    def _create(*args, **kwds):
         '''
         Create a new shared object; return the token and exposed tuple
         '''
+        self, typeid, *args = args
+        args = tuple(args)
+
         assert self._state.value == State.STARTED, 'server not yet started'
         conn = self._Client(self._address, authkey=self._authkey)
         try:
@@ -1261,15 +1290,25 @@ if HAS_SHMEM:
                 _SharedMemoryTracker(f"shmm_{self.address}_{getpid()}")
             util.debug(f"SharedMemoryServer started by pid {getpid()}")
 
-        def create(self, c, typeid, *args, **kwargs):
+        def create(*args, **kwargs):
             """Create a new distributed-shared object (not backed by a shared
             memory block) and return its id to be used in a Proxy Object."""
             # Unless set up as a shared proxy, don't make shared_memory_context
             # a standard part of kwargs.  This makes things easier for supplying
             # simple functions.
+            if len(args) >= 3:
+                typeod = args[2]
+            elif 'typeid' in kwargs:
+                typeid = kwargs['typeid']
+            elif not args:
+                raise TypeError("descriptor 'create' of 'SharedMemoryServer' "
+                                "object needs an argument")
+            else:
+                raise TypeError('create expected at least 2 positional '
+                                'arguments, got %d' % (len(args)-1))
             if hasattr(self.registry[typeid][-1], "_shared_memory_proxy"):
                 kwargs['shared_memory_context'] = self.shared_memory_context
-            return Server.create(self, c, typeid, *args, **kwargs)
+            return Server.create(*args, **kwargs)
 
         def shutdown(self, c):
             "Call unlink() on all tracked shared memory, terminate the Server."