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@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ Command line and environment
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The CPython interpreter scans the command line and the environment for various
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settings.
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.. note::
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.. note::
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Other implementations' command line schemes may differ. See
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:ref:`implementations` for further resources.
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@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ source.
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Execute the Python code in *command*. *command* can be one ore more
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statements separated by newlines, with significant leading whitespace as in
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normal module code.
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If this option is given, the first element of :data:`sys.argv` will be
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``"-c"`` and the current directory will be added to the start of
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:data:`sys.path` (allowing modules in that directory to be imported as top
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@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ source.
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Search :data:`sys.path` for the named module and execute its contents as
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the :mod:`__main__` module.
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Since the argument is a *module* name, you must not give a file extension
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(``.py``). The ``module-name`` should be a valid Python module name, but
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the implementation may not always enforce this (e.g. it may allow you to
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@ -84,18 +84,18 @@ source.
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written in C, since they do not have Python module files. However, it
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can still be used for precompiled modules, even if the original source
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file is not available.
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If this option is given, the first element of :data:`sys.argv` will be the
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full path to the module file. As with the :option:`-c` option, the current
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directory will be added to the start of :data:`sys.path`.
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Many standard library modules contain code that is invoked on their execution
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as a script. An example is the :mod:`timeit` module::
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python -mtimeit -s 'setup here' 'benchmarked code here'
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python -mtimeit -h # for details
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.. seealso::
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.. seealso::
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:func:`runpy.run_module`
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The actual implementation of this feature.
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@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ Generic options
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--version
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Print the Python version number and exit. Example output could be::
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Python 3.0
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@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ Miscellaneous options
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enter interactive mode after executing the script or the command, even when
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:data:`sys.stdin` does not appear to be a terminal. The
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:envvar:`PYTHONSTARTUP` file is not read.
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This can be useful to inspect global variables or a stack trace when a script
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raises an exception. See also :envvar:`PYTHONINSPECT`.
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@ -222,10 +222,10 @@ Miscellaneous options
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.. cmdoption:: -u
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Force stdin, stdout and stderr to be totally unbuffered. On systems where it
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matters, also put stdin, stdout and stderr in binary mode.
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Note that there is internal buffering in :meth:`file.readlines` and
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:ref:`bltin-file-objects` (``for line in sys.stdin``) which is not influenced
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by this option. To work around this, you will want to use
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@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ Miscellaneous options
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.. XXX should the -U option be documented?
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.. cmdoption:: -v
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Print a message each time a module is initialized, showing the place
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(filename or built-in module) from which it is loaded. When given twice
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(:option:`-vv`), print a message for each file that is checked for when
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@ -246,13 +246,13 @@ Miscellaneous options
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.. cmdoption:: -W arg
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Warning control. Python's warning machinery by default prints warning
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messages to :data:`sys.stderr`. A typical warning message has the following
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form::
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file:line: category: message
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By default, each warning is printed once for each source line where it
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occurs. This option controls how often warnings are printed.
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@ -260,13 +260,13 @@ Miscellaneous options
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one option, the action for the last matching option is performed. Invalid
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:option:`-W` options are ignored (though, a warning message is printed about
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invalid options when the first warning is issued).
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Warnings can also be controlled from within a Python program using the
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:mod:`warnings` module.
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The simplest form of argument is one of the following action strings (or a
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unique abbreviation):
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``ignore``
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Ignore all warnings.
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``default``
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@ -282,9 +282,9 @@ Miscellaneous options
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Print each warning only the first time it occurs in the program.
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``error``
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Raise an exception instead of printing a warning message.
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The full form of argument is::
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The full form of argument is::
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action:message:category:module:line
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Here, *action* is as explained above but only applies to messages that match
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@ -305,10 +305,10 @@ Miscellaneous options
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.. cmdoption:: -x
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Skip the first line of the source, allowing use of non-Unix forms of
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``#!cmd``. This is intended for a DOS specific hack only.
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.. warning:: The line numbers in error messages will be off by one!
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.. _using-on-envvars:
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@ -319,13 +319,13 @@ Environment variables
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These environment variables influence Python's behavior.
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.. envvar:: PYTHONHOME
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Change the location of the standard Python libraries. By default, the
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libraries are searched in :file:`{prefix}/lib/python{version}` and
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:file:`{exec_prefix}/lib/python{version}`, where :file:`{prefix}` and
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:file:`{exec_prefix}` are installation-dependent directories, both defaulting
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to :file:`/usr/local`.
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When :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` is set to a single directory, its value replaces
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both :file:`{prefix}` and :file:`{exec_prefix}`. To specify different values
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for these, set :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` to :file:`{prefix}:{exec_prefix}`.
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@ -341,11 +341,11 @@ These environment variables influence Python's behavior.
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In addition to normal directories, individual :envvar:`PYTHONPATH` entries
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may refer to zipfiles containing pure Python modules (in either source or
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compiled form). Extension modules cannot be imported from zipfiles.
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The default search path is installation dependent, but generally begins with
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:file:`{prefix}/lib/python{version}`` (see :envvar:`PYTHONHOME` above). It
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is *always* appended to :envvar:`PYTHONPATH`.
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An additional directory will be inserted in the search path in front of
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:envvar:`PYTHONPATH` as described above under
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:ref:`using-on-interface-options`. The search path can be manipulated from
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@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ These environment variables influence Python's behavior.
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.. envvar:: PYTHONSTARTUP
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If this is the name of a readable file, the Python commands in that file are
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executed before the first prompt is displayed in interactive mode. The file
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is executed in the same namespace where interactive commands are executed so
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@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ These environment variables influence Python's behavior.
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.. envvar:: PYTHONY2K
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Set this to a non-empty string to cause the :mod:`time` module to require
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dates specified as strings to include 4-digit years, otherwise 2-digit years
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are converted based on rules described in the :mod:`time` module
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@ -371,21 +371,21 @@ These environment variables influence Python's behavior.
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.. envvar:: PYTHONOPTIMIZE
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If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the
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:option:`-O` option. If set to an integer, it is equivalent to specifying
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:option:`-O` multiple times.
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.. envvar:: PYTHONDEBUG
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If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the
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:option:`-d` option. If set to an integer, it is equivalent to specifying
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:option:`-d` multiple times.
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.. envvar:: PYTHONINSPECT
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If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the
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:option:`-i` option.
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@ -394,20 +394,20 @@ These environment variables influence Python's behavior.
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.. envvar:: PYTHONUNBUFFERED
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If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the
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:option:`-u` option.
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.. envvar:: PYTHONVERBOSE
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If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying the
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:option:`-v` option. If set to an integer, it is equivalent to specifying
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:option:`-v` multiple times.
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.. envvar:: PYTHONCASEOK
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If this is set, Python ignores case in :keyword:`import` statements. This
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only works on Windows.
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@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ On FreeBSD and OpenBSD
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* OpenBSD users use::
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pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/<insert your architecture here>/python-<version>.tgz
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pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/<insert your architecture here>/python-<version>.tgz
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For example i386 users get the 2.5.1 version of Python using::
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@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ source tree.
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Python-related paths and files
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==============================
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These are subject to difference depending on local installation conventions;
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:envvar:`prefix` (``${prefix}``) and :envvar:`exec_prefix` (``${exec_prefix}``)
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are installation-dependent and should be interpreted as for GNU software; they
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@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ For example, on most Linux systems, the default for both is :file:`/usr`.
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| | by the user module; not used by default |
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| | or by most applications. |
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+-----------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
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Miscellaneous
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=============
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@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ Excursus: Setting environment variables
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---------------------------------------
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Windows has a built-in dialog for changing environment variables (following
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guide applies to XP classical view): Right-click the icon for your machine
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(usually located on your Desktop and called "My Computer") and choose
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:menuselection:`Properties` there. Then, open the :guilabel:`Advanced` tab
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guide applies to XP classical view): Right-click the icon for your machine
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(usually located on your Desktop and called "My Computer") and choose
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:menuselection:`Properties` there. Then, open the :guilabel:`Advanced` tab
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and click the :guilabel:`Environment Variables` button.
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In short, your path is:
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@ -191,11 +191,11 @@ administrative rights):
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#. Launch a command prompt.
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#. Associate the correct file group with ``.py`` scripts::
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assoc .py=Python.File
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#. Redirect all Python files to the new executable::
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ftype Python.File=C:\Path\to\pythonw.exe "%1" %*
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