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Building and using a framework-based Python on Mac OS X. Building and using a framework-based Python on Mac OS X.
-------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------
This document provides a quick introduction to framework-based Python. This document provides a quick introduction to framework-based Python, its
It is rather terse and probably incomplete, please send me feedback. advantages, and how to build it.
1. Why would I want a framework Python in stead of a normal static Python? 1. Why would I want a framework Python in stead of a normal static Python?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -15,12 +15,16 @@ While it is technically possible to create a .app without using frameworks you
will have to do the work yourself if you really want this. will have to do the work yourself if you really want this.
A second reason for using frameworks is that they put Python-related items in A second reason for using frameworks is that they put Python-related items in
only two places: /Library/Framework/Python.framework and /Applications/Python. only two places: /Library/Framework/Python.framework and /Applications/MacPython-2.3.
This simplifies matters for users installing Python from a binary distribution This simplifies matters for users installing Python from a binary distribution
if they want to get rid of it again. Moreover, due to the way frameworks work if they want to get rid of it again. Moreover, due to the way frameworks work
a user without admin privileges can install a binary distribution in his or a user without admin privileges can install a binary distribution in his or
her home directory without recompilation. her home directory without recompilation.
Incidentally, the procedure described here is also the procedure that is
used to create the MacPython binary installer, so the information here
should theoretically allow you to rebuild that.
2. How does a framework Python differ from a normal static Python? 2. How does a framework Python differ from a normal static Python?
------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------
@ -51,7 +55,7 @@ information.
This directory contains a Makefile that will create a couple of python-related This directory contains a Makefile that will create a couple of python-related
applications (fullblown OSX .app applications, that is) in applications (fullblown OSX .app applications, that is) in
/Applications/Python, and a hidden helper application Python.app inside the /Applications/MacPython-2.3, and a hidden helper application Python.app inside the
Python.framework, and unix tools "python" and "pythonw" into /usr/local/bin. Python.framework, and unix tools "python" and "pythonw" into /usr/local/bin.
In addition it has a target "installmacsubtree" that installs the relevant In addition it has a target "installmacsubtree" that installs the relevant
portions of the Mac subtree into the Python.framework. portions of the Mac subtree into the Python.framework.
@ -65,10 +69,10 @@ in the sequence
This sequence will put the framework in /Library/Framework/Python.framework, This sequence will put the framework in /Library/Framework/Python.framework,
the applications in /Applications/Python and the unix tools in /usr/local/bin. the applications in /Applications/Python and the unix tools in /usr/local/bin.
Building in another place, for instance $HOME/Library/Frameworks if you have Installing in another place, for instance $HOME/Library/Frameworks if you have
no admin privileges on your machine, has only been tested very lightly. This no admin privileges on your machine, has only been tested very lightly. This
can be done by configuring with --enable-framework=$HOME/Library/Frameworks. can be done by configuring with --enable-framework=$HOME/Library/Frameworks.
The other two directories, /Applications/Python and /usr/local/bin, will then The other two directories, /Applications/MacPython-2.3 and /usr/local/bin, will then
also be deposited in $HOME. This is sub-optimal for the unix tools, which you also be deposited in $HOME. This is sub-optimal for the unix tools, which you
would want in $HOME/bin, but there is no easy way to fix this right now. would want in $HOME/bin, but there is no easy way to fix this right now.
@ -81,6 +85,10 @@ If you want to install some part, but not all, read the main Makefile. The
frameworkinstall is composed of a couple of sub-targets that install the frameworkinstall is composed of a couple of sub-targets that install the
framework itself, the Mac subtree, the applications and the unix tools. framework itself, the Mac subtree, the applications and the unix tools.
There is an extra target frameworkinstallextras that is not part of the
normal frameworkinstall which installs the Demo and Tools directories
into /Applications/MacPython-2.3, this is useful for binary distributions.
If you want to run the Makefile here directly, in stead of through the main If you want to run the Makefile here directly, in stead of through the main
Makefile, you will have to pass various variable-assignments. Read the Makefile, you will have to pass various variable-assignments. Read the
beginning of the Makefile for details. beginning of the Makefile for details.
@ -111,44 +119,28 @@ non-GUI and GUI python scripts from the command line, respectively.
6. How do I create a binary distribution? 6. How do I create a binary distribution?
----------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------
Note: this section is work-in-progress. Go to the Mac/OSX/Dist directory. There you find a script "build" that
does all the work: it configures and builds a framework Python, installs
it, creates the installer package file and packs this in a DMG image.
First, to make sure there's no contamination, it is best to remove your All of this is normally done completely isolated in /tmp/_py, so it does not
existing Python installation (clear out /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework use your normal build directory nor does it install into /.
and /Applications/Python). Also, after build/install is finished check that
nothing has shown up in those two locations.
Create a subdirectory of the main python directory, say build-pythondist. In Because the build script locates the Python source tree relative to its own
there, run pathname you may have to run it with a full pathname. If you are debugging your
../configure --enable-framework=/tmp/pythondist/Library/Frameworks \ install you can pass one argument: the pathname where the build directory
LDFLAGS=-Wl,-x is located (i.e. where configure and make will be run), then this directory
make will be saved between runs of the build script. Do *not* specify your normal
make frameworkinstall build directory here.
This installs a complete distribution set in /tmp/pythondist: in a framework
build all other pathnames are computed from the framework pathname.
Optionally you may want to include the full documentation in the binary installer. build will ask you whether you have updated the readme file, and it will offer
To this end, execute the following commands: to include the full documentation in the installer. That option has not
python.exe ../Mac/OSX/setupDocs.py build been used for a while, and it may not work.
python.exe ../Mac/OSX/setupDocs.py install \
--prefix=/tmp/python/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current
Note that the unix tools in /tmp/pythondist are wrong, these have to be
removed, and the installer post-install script should recreate them on the
target system. Also, the .pyc and .pyo files need to be removed:
rm -rf /tmp/pythondist/usr
python.exe ../Mac/script/zappycfiles.py /tmp/pythondist
Finally, create the .pkg file with a commandline like If you need to execute code on the client machine after installing Python
python ../Mac/scripts/buildpkg.py \ you can add this to resources/postflight. If you need to do even stranger things
--Title=MacPython-X \ you have to read Apple's documentation on PackageMaker and read the source
--Version=2.3a0 \ of Mac/scripts/buildpkg.py.
--Description="Python for Mac OS X, framework based" \
/tmp/pythondist
This creates a MacPython-X.pkg in the current directory.
TBD: provide postinstall scripts to precompile .pyc/.pyo files, and to recreate
the unix programs.
7. Odds and ends. 7. Odds and ends.
----------------- -----------------
@ -164,4 +156,4 @@ macresource module and the Mac/OSX/Makefile cater for this, and create
".rsrc.df.rsrc" files on the fly that are normal datafork-based resource ".rsrc.df.rsrc" files on the fly that are normal datafork-based resource
files. files.
Jack Jansen, jack@oratrix.com, 06-Sep-02 Jack Jansen, Jack.Jansen@cwi.nl, 20-Jun-2003.