[3.13] gh-130163: Fix crashes related to PySys_GetObject() (GH-130503) (GH-130556)

The use of PySys_GetObject() and _PySys_GetAttr(), which return a borrowed
reference, has been replaced by using one of the following functions, which
return a strong reference and distinguish a missing attribute from an error:
_PySys_GetOptionalAttr(), _PySys_GetOptionalAttrString(),
_PySys_GetRequiredAttr(), and _PySys_GetRequiredAttrString().
(cherry picked from commit 0ef4ffeefd)

Lib/test/test_builtin.py

@@ -1576,6 +1576,29 @@ class BuiltinTest(unittest.TestCase):
             sys.stdout = savestdout
             fp.close()
 
+    def test_input_gh130163(self):
+        class X(io.StringIO):
+            def __getattribute__(self, name):
+                nonlocal patch
+                if patch:
+                    patch = False
+                    sys.stdout = X()
+                    sys.stderr = X()
+                    sys.stdin = X('input\n')
+                    support.gc_collect()
+                return io.StringIO.__getattribute__(self, name)
+
+        with (support.swap_attr(sys, 'stdout', None),
+              support.swap_attr(sys, 'stderr', None),
+              support.swap_attr(sys, 'stdin', None)):
+            patch = False
+            # the only references:
+            sys.stdout = X()
+            sys.stderr = X()
+            sys.stdin = X('input\n')
+            patch = True
+            input()  # should not crash
+
     # test_int(): see test_int.py for tests of built-in function int().
 
     def test_repr(self):