gh-88569: add ntpath.isreserved() (#95486)

Add `ntpath.isreserved()`, which identifies reserved pathnames such as "NUL", "AUX" and "CON".

Deprecate `pathlib.PurePath.is_reserved()`.

---------

Co-authored-by: Eryk Sun <eryksun@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Brett Cannon <brett@python.org>
Co-authored-by: Steve Dower <steve.dower@microsoft.com>

Lib/ntpath.py

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ from genericpath import *
 __all__ = ["normcase","isabs","join","splitdrive","splitroot","split","splitext",
            "basename","dirname","commonprefix","getsize","getmtime",
            "getatime","getctime", "islink","exists","lexists","isdir","isfile",
-           "ismount", "expanduser","expandvars","normpath","abspath",
-           "curdir","pardir","sep","pathsep","defpath","altsep",
+           "ismount","isreserved","expanduser","expandvars","normpath",
+           "abspath","curdir","pardir","sep","pathsep","defpath","altsep",
            "extsep","devnull","realpath","supports_unicode_filenames","relpath",
            "samefile", "sameopenfile", "samestat", "commonpath", "isjunction"]
 
@@ -330,6 +330,42 @@ def ismount(path):
         return False
 
 
+_reserved_chars = frozenset(
+    {chr(i) for i in range(32)} |
+    {'"', '*', ':', '<', '>', '?', '|', '/', '\\'}
+)
+
+_reserved_names = frozenset(
+    {'CON', 'PRN', 'AUX', 'NUL', 'CONIN$', 'CONOUT$'} |
+    {f'COM{c}' for c in '123456789\xb9\xb2\xb3'} |
+    {f'LPT{c}' for c in '123456789\xb9\xb2\xb3'}
+)
+
+def isreserved(path):
+    """Return true if the pathname is reserved by the system."""
+    # Refer to "Naming Files, Paths, and Namespaces":
+    # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/fileio/naming-a-file
+    path = os.fsdecode(splitroot(path)[2]).replace(altsep, sep)
+    return any(_isreservedname(name) for name in reversed(path.split(sep)))
+
+def _isreservedname(name):
+    """Return true if the filename is reserved by the system."""
+    # Trailing dots and spaces are reserved.
+    if name.endswith(('.', ' ')) and name not in ('.', '..'):
+        return True
+    # Wildcards, separators, colon, and pipe (*?"<>/\:|) are reserved.
+    # ASCII control characters (0-31) are reserved.
+    # Colon is reserved for file streams (e.g. "name:stream[:type]").
+    if _reserved_chars.intersection(name):
+        return True
+    # DOS device names are reserved (e.g. "nul" or "nul .txt"). The rules
+    # are complex and vary across Windows versions. On the side of
+    # caution, return True for names that may not be reserved.
+    if name.partition('.')[0].rstrip(' ').upper() in _reserved_names:
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
 # Expand paths beginning with '~' or '~user'.
 # '~' means $HOME; '~user' means that user's home directory.
 # If the path doesn't begin with '~', or if the user or $HOME is unknown,