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Elaborate on the calculation used in the random module.

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Raymond Hettinger 2010-12-15 19:33:49 +00:00
parent 67f0b6c5f2
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1 changed files with 24 additions and 22 deletions
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Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst
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@ -515,18 +515,18 @@ Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are:
New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules
===================================== =====================================
Python's standard library is now receiving significant maintenance efforts Python's standard library has undergone significant maintenance efforts and
and quality improvements. quality improvements.
The biggest news for Python 3.2 is that the :mod:`email` package and The biggest news for Python 3.2 is that the :mod:`email` package and
:mod:`nntplib` modules now work correctly with Python 3.2's bytes/text model. :mod:`nntplib` modules now work correctly with the bytes/text model in Python 3.
For the first time, there is correct handling of inputs with mixed encodings. For the first time, there is correct handling of inputs with mixed encodings.
Another significant win is the addition of substantially better support for Another significant win is the addition of substantially better support for
*SSL* connections and security certificates. *SSL* connections and security certificates.
In addition, many more functions and classes now have a :term:`context manager` In addition, more functions and classes now have a :term:`context manager` to
to support convenient and reliable resource clean-up using the support convenient and reliable resource clean-up using the
:keyword:`with`-statement. :keyword:`with`-statement.
email email
@ -930,10 +930,13 @@ random
------ ------
The integer methods in the :mod:`random` module now do a better job of producing The integer methods in the :mod:`random` module now do a better job of producing
uniform distributions. Previously, they used ``int(n*random())`` which had a uniform distributions. Previously, they computed selections with
slight bias whenever *n* was not a power of two. The functions and methods ``int(n*random())`` which had a slight bias whenever *n* was not a power of two.
affected are :func:`~random.randrange`, :func:`~random.randint`, Now, multiple selections are made from a range upto the next power of two and a
:func:`~random.choice`, :func:`~random.shuffle` and :func:`~random.sample`. selection is kept only when it falls within the range ``0 <= x < n``. The
functions and methods affected are :func:`~random.randrange`,
:func:`~random.randint`, :func:`~random.choice`, :func:`~random.shuffle` and
:func:`~random.sample`.
(Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`9025`.) (Contributed by Raymond Hettinger; :issue:`9025`.)
@ -1057,21 +1060,20 @@ pdb
The :mod:`pdb` debugger module gained a number of usability improvements: The :mod:`pdb` debugger module gained a number of usability improvements:
- :file:`pdb.py` now has a ``-c`` option that executes commands as given in a * :file:`pdb.py` now has a ``-c`` option that executes commands as given in a
:file:`.pdbrc` script file. :file:`.pdbrc` script file.
- A :file:`.pdbrc` script file can contain ``continue`` and ``next`` commands * A :file:`.pdbrc` script file can contain ``continue`` and ``next`` commands
that continue debugging. that continue debugging.
- The :class:`Pdb` class constructor now accepts a *nosigint* argument. * The :class:`Pdb` class constructor now accepts a *nosigint* argument.
- new commands: ``l(list)``, ``ll(long list`` and ``source`` for * new commands: ``l(list)``, ``ll(long list`` and ``source`` for
listing source code. listing source code.
- new commands: ``display`` and ``undisplay`` for showing or hiding * new commands: ``display`` and ``undisplay`` for showing or hiding
the value of an expression if it has changed. the value of an expression if it has changed.
- new command: ``interact`` for starting an interactive interpreter containing * new command: ``interact`` for starting an interactive interpreter containing
the global and local names found in the current scope. the global and local names found in the current scope.
- breakpoints can be cleared by breakpoint number * breakpoints can be cleared by breakpoint number
.. XXX: Create a new section for all changes relating to context managers.
.. XXX: Various ConfigParser changes .. XXX: Various ConfigParser changes
.. XXX: Mention urllib.parse changes .. XXX: Mention urllib.parse changes
Issue 9873 (Nick Coghlan): Issue 9873 (Nick Coghlan):