Add _PyObject_FastCall()

Issue #27128: Add _PyObject_FastCall(), a new calling convention avoiding a
temporary tuple to pass positional parameters in most cases, but create a
temporary tuple if needed (ex: for the tp_call slot).

The API is prepared to support keyword parameters, but the full implementation
will come later (_PyFunction_FastCall() doesn't support keyword parameters
yet).

Add also:

* _PyStack_AsTuple() helper function: convert a "stack" of parameters to
  a tuple.
* _PyCFunction_FastCall(): fast call implementation for C functions
* _PyFunction_FastCall(): fast call implementation for Python functions

Include/abstract.h

@@ -267,10 +267,26 @@ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx*/
                                           PyObject *args, PyObject *kw);
 
 #ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
+    PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject*) _PyStack_AsTuple(PyObject **stack,
+        Py_ssize_t nargs);
+
+     /* Call the callable object func with the "fast call" calling convention:
+        args is a C array for positional parameters (nargs is the number of
+        positional paramater), kwargs is a dictionary for keyword parameters.
+
+        If nargs is equal to zero, args can be NULL. kwargs can be NULL.
+        nargs must be greater or equal to zero.
+
+        Return the result on success. Raise an exception on return NULL on
+        error. */
+     PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_FastCall(PyObject *func,
+                                               PyObject **args, int nargs,
+                                               PyObject *kwargs);
+
      PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _Py_CheckFunctionResult(PyObject *func,
                                                     PyObject *result,
                                                     const char *where);
-#endif
+#endif   /* Py_LIMITED_API */
 
        /*
      Call a callable Python object, callable_object, with

Include/funcobject.h

@@ -58,6 +58,13 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyFunction_SetClosure(PyObject *, PyObject *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyFunction_GetAnnotations(PyObject *);
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyFunction_SetAnnotations(PyObject *, PyObject *);
 
+#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyFunction_FastCall(
+    PyObject *func,
+    PyObject **args, int nargs,
+    PyObject *kwargs);
+#endif
+
 /* Macros for direct access to these values. Type checks are *not*
    done, so use with care. */
 #define PyFunction_GET_CODE(func) \

Include/methodobject.h

@@ -37,6 +37,12 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyCFunction_GetFlags(PyObject *);
 #endif
 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyCFunction_Call(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
 
+#ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyCFunction_FastCall(PyObject *func,
+    PyObject **args, int nargs,
+    PyObject *kwargs);
+#endif
+
 struct PyMethodDef {
     const char  *ml_name;   /* The name of the built-in function/method */
     PyCFunction ml_meth;    /* The C function that implements it */