Move the PEP 343 documentation and implementation closer to the

terminology in the alpha 1 documentation.

 - "context manager" reverts to its alpha 1 definition
 - the term "context specifier" goes away entirely
 - contextlib.GeneratorContextManager is renamed GeneratorContext

There are still a number of changes relative to alpha 1:

  - the expression in the with statement is explicitly called the
    "context expression" in the language reference
  - the terms 'with statement context', 'context object' or 'with
    statement context' are used in several places instead of a bare
    'context'. The aim of this is to avoid ambiguity in relation to the
    runtime context set up when the block is executed, and the context
    objects that already exist in various application domains (such as
    decimal.Context)
  - contextlib.contextmanager is renamed to contextfactory
    This best reflects the nature of the function resulting from the
    use of that decorator
  - decimal.ContextManager is renamed to WithStatementContext
    Simple dropping the 'Manager' part wasn't possible due to the
    fact that decimal.Context already exists and means something
    different. WithStatementContext is ugly but workable.

A technically unrelated change snuck into this commit:
contextlib.closing now avoids the overhead of creating a
generator, since it's trivial to implement that particular
context manager directly.

Lib/test/test_contextlib.py

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ from test.test_support import run_suite
 
 class ContextManagerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    def test_contextmanager_plain(self):
+    def test_contextfactory_plain(self):
         state = []
-        @contextmanager
+        @contextfactory
         def woohoo():
             state.append(1)
             yield 42
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ class ContextManagerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             state.append(x)
         self.assertEqual(state, [1, 42, 999])
 
-    def test_contextmanager_finally(self):
+    def test_contextfactory_finally(self):
         state = []
-        @contextmanager
+        @contextfactory
         def woohoo():
             state.append(1)
             try:
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ class ContextManagerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             self.fail("Expected ZeroDivisionError")
         self.assertEqual(state, [1, 42, 999])
 
-    def test_contextmanager_no_reraise(self):
-        @contextmanager
+    def test_contextfactory_no_reraise(self):
+        @contextfactory
         def whee():
             yield
         ctx = whee().__context__()
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ class ContextManagerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         # Calling __exit__ should not result in an exception
         self.failIf(ctx.__exit__(TypeError, TypeError("foo"), None))
 
-    def test_contextmanager_trap_yield_after_throw(self):
-        @contextmanager
+    def test_contextfactory_trap_yield_after_throw(self):
+        @contextfactory
         def whoo():
             try:
                 yield
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ class ContextManagerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             RuntimeError, ctx.__exit__, TypeError, TypeError("foo"), None
         )
 
-    def test_contextmanager_except(self):
+    def test_contextfactory_except(self):
         state = []
-        @contextmanager
+        @contextfactory
         def woohoo():
             state.append(1)
             try:
@@ -86,14 +86,14 @@ class ContextManagerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             raise ZeroDivisionError(999)
         self.assertEqual(state, [1, 42, 999])
 
-    def test_contextmanager_attribs(self):
+    def test_contextfactory_attribs(self):
         def attribs(**kw):
             def decorate(func):
                 for k,v in kw.items():
                     setattr(func,k,v)
                 return func
             return decorate
-        @contextmanager
+        @contextfactory
         @attribs(foo='bar')
         def baz(spam):
             """Whee!"""
@@ -106,13 +106,13 @@ class NestedTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
     # XXX This needs more work
 
     def test_nested(self):
-        @contextmanager
+        @contextfactory
         def a():
             yield 1
-        @contextmanager
+        @contextfactory
         def b():
             yield 2
-        @contextmanager
+        @contextfactory
         def c():
             yield 3
         with nested(a(), b(), c()) as (x, y, z):
@@ -122,14 +122,14 @@ class NestedTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_nested_cleanup(self):
         state = []
-        @contextmanager
+        @contextfactory
         def a():
             state.append(1)
             try:
                 yield 2
             finally:
                 state.append(3)
-        @contextmanager
+        @contextfactory
         def b():
             state.append(4)
             try:
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class NestedTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_nested_right_exception(self):
         state = []
-        @contextmanager
+        @contextfactory
         def a():
             yield 1
         class b(object):
@@ -172,10 +172,10 @@ class NestedTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             self.fail("Didn't raise ZeroDivisionError")
 
     def test_nested_b_swallows(self):
-        @contextmanager
+        @contextfactory
         def a():
             yield
-        @contextmanager
+        @contextfactory
         def b():
             try:
                 yield
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class NestedTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             self.fail("Didn't swallow ZeroDivisionError")
 
     def test_nested_break(self):
-        @contextmanager
+        @contextfactory
         def a():
             yield
         state = 0
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ class NestedTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(state, 1)
 
     def test_nested_continue(self):
-        @contextmanager
+        @contextfactory
         def a():
             yield
         state = 0
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class NestedTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(state, 3)
 
     def test_nested_return(self):
-        @contextmanager
+        @contextfactory
         def a():
             try:
                 yield