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[3.13] gh-106482: Clarify documentation of character set in RE (GH-106517) (#132365)

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Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Martin Panter <vadmium@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Hugo van Kemenade <1324225+hugovk@users.noreply.github.com>
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Doc/library/re.rst
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@ -250,14 +250,23 @@ The special characters are:
``[a\-z]``) or if it's placed as the first or last character ``[a\-z]``) or if it's placed as the first or last character
(e.g. ``[-a]`` or ``[a-]``), it will match a literal ``'-'``. (e.g. ``[-a]`` or ``[a-]``), it will match a literal ``'-'``.
* Special characters lose their special meaning inside sets. For example, * Special characters except backslash lose their special meaning inside sets.
For example,
``[(+*)]`` will match any of the literal characters ``'('``, ``'+'``, ``[(+*)]`` will match any of the literal characters ``'('``, ``'+'``,
``'*'``, or ``')'``. ``'*'``, or ``')'``.
.. index:: single: \ (backslash); in regular expressions .. index:: single: \ (backslash); in regular expressions
* Character classes such as ``\w`` or ``\S`` (defined below) are also accepted * Backslash either escapes characters which have special meaning in a set
inside a set, although the characters they match depend on the flags_ used. such as ``'-'``, ``']'``, ``'^'`` and ``'\\'`` itself or signals
a special sequence which represents a single character such as
``\xa0`` or ``\n`` or a character class such as ``\w`` or ``\S``
(defined below).
Note that ``\b`` represents a single "backspace" character,
not a word boundary as outside a set, and numeric escapes
such as ``\1`` are always octal escapes, not group references.
Special sequences which do not match a single character such as ``\A``
and ``\Z`` are not allowed.
.. index:: single: ^ (caret); in regular expressions .. index:: single: ^ (caret); in regular expressions