Document nonlocal statement. Written for GHOP by "Canadabear".

Doc/reference/simple_stmts.rst

@@ -765,12 +765,42 @@ The :keyword:`nonlocal` statement
 .. productionlist::
    nonlocal_stmt: "nonlocal" `identifier` ("," `identifier`)*
 
-XXX: To be documented.
+.. XXX add when implemented
+                : ["=" (`target_list` "=")+ `expression_list`]
+                : | "nonlocal" `identifier` `augop` `expression_list`
+
+The :keyword:`nonlocal` statement causes the listed identifiers to refer to 
+previously bound variables in the nearest enclosing scope.  This is important 
+because the default behavior for binding is to search the local namespace 
+first.  The statement allows encapsulated code to rebind variables outside of
+the local scope besides the global (module) scope.
+
+.. note::
+
+   The outer scope for :keyword:`nonlocal` statements cannot be the module
+   scope.
+
+.. XXX not implemented
+   The :keyword:`nonlocal` statement may prepend an assignment or augmented
+   assignment, but not an expression.
+
+Names listed in a :keyword:`nonlocal` statement, unlike to those listed in a
+:keyword:`global` statement, must refer to pre-existing bindings in an
+enclosing scope (the scope in which a new binding should be created cannot
+be determined unambiguously).
+
+Names listed in a :keyword:`nonlocal` statement must not collide with 
+pre-existing bindings in the local scope.
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   :pep:`3104` - Access to Names in Outer Scopes
+      The specification for the :keyword:`nonlocal` statement.
 
 
 .. rubric:: Footnotes
 
 .. [#] It may occur within an :keyword:`except` or :keyword:`else` clause.  The
-   restriction on occurring in the :keyword:`try` clause is implementor's laziness
+   restriction on occurring in the :keyword:`try` clause is implementor's
-   and will eventually be lifted.
+   laziness and will eventually be lifted.
 

Doc/tutorial/classes.rst

@@ -137,14 +137,62 @@ language definition is evolving towards static name resolution, at "compile"
 time, so don't rely on dynamic name resolution!  (In fact, local variables are
 already determined statically.)
 
-A special quirk of Python is that assignments always go into the innermost
+A special quirk of Python is that assignments normally go into the innermost
 scope.  Assignments do not copy data --- they just bind names to objects.  The
 same is true for deletions: the statement ``del x`` removes the binding of ``x``
 from the namespace referenced by the local scope.  In fact, all operations that
 introduce new names use the local scope: in particular, import statements and
-function definitions bind the module or function name in the local scope.  (The
+function definitions bind the module or function name in the local scope.
-:keyword:`global` statement can be used to indicate that particular variables
+
-live in the global scope.)
+The :keyword:`global` statement can be used to indicate that particular
+variables live in the global scope and should be rebound there; the
+:keyword:`nonlocal` statement indicates that particular variables live in
+an enclosing scope and should be rebound there.
+
+.. _tut-scopeexample:
+
+Scopes and Namespaces Example
+-----------------------------
+
+This is an example demonstrating how to reference the different scopes and
+namespaces, and how :keyword:`global` and :keyword:`nonlocal` affect variable
+binding::
+
+   def scope_test():
+       def do_local():
+           spam = "local spam"
+       def do_nonlocal():
+           nonlocal spam
+           spam = "nonlocal spam"
+       def do_global():
+           global spam
+           spam = "global spam"
+   
+       spam = "test spam"
+       do_local()
+       print("After local assignment:", spam)
+       do_nonlocal()
+       print("After nonlocal assignment:", spam)
+       do_global()
+       print("After global assignment:", spam)
+
+   scope_test()
+   print("In global scope:", spam)
+
+The output of the example code is::
+
+   After local assignment: test spam
+   After nonlocal assignment: nonlocal spam
+   After global assignment: nonlocal spam
+   In global scope: global spam
+
+Note how the *local* assignment (which is default) didn't change *scope_test*\'s
+binding of *spam*.  The :keyword:`nonlocal` assignment changed *scope_test*\'s
+binding of *spam*, and the :keyword:`global` assignment changed the module-level
+binding.
+
+You can also see that there was no previous binding for *spam* before the
+:keyword:`global` assignment.
 
 
 .. _tut-firstclasses: