gh-102255: Improve build support for Windows API partitions (GH-102256)

Add `MS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP`, `MS_WINDOWS_APPS`, `MS_WINDOWS_SYSTEM` and `MS_WINDOWS_GAMES` preprocessor definitions to allow switching off functionality missing from particular API partitions ("partitions" are used in Windows to identify overlapping subsets of APIs).
CPython only officially supports `MS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP` and `MS_WINDOWS_SYSTEM` (APPS is included by normal desktop builds, but APPS without DESKTOP is not covered). Other configurations are a convenience for people building their own runtimes.
`MS_WINDOWS_GAMES` is for the Xbox subset of the Windows API, which is also available on client OS, but is restricted compared to `MS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP`. These restrictions may change over time, as they relate to the build headers rather than the OS support, and so we assume that Xbox builds will use the latest available version of the GDK.

Modules/_winapi.c

@@ -39,8 +39,11 @@
 #include "structmember.h"         // PyMemberDef
 
 
+#ifndef WINDOWS_LEAN_AND_MEAN
 #define WINDOWS_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif
 #include "windows.h"
+#include <winioctl.h>
 #include <crtdbg.h>
 #include "winreparse.h"
 
@@ -63,6 +66,14 @@
 
 #define T_HANDLE T_POINTER
 
+// winbase.h limits the STARTF_* flags to the desktop API as of 10.0.19041.
+#ifndef STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW
+#define STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW 0x00000001
+#endif
+#ifndef STARTF_USESTDHANDLES
+#define STARTF_USESTDHANDLES 0x00000100
+#endif
+
 typedef struct {
     PyTypeObject *overlapped_type;
 } WinApiState;
@@ -1201,8 +1212,10 @@ _winapi_ExitProcess_impl(PyObject *module, UINT ExitCode)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=a387deb651175301 input=4f05466a9406c558]*/
 {
     #if defined(Py_DEBUG)
+#ifdef MS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP
         SetErrorMode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS|SEM_NOALIGNMENTFAULTEXCEPT|
                      SEM_NOGPFAULTERRORBOX|SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX);
+#endif
         _CrtSetReportMode(_CRT_ASSERT, _CRTDBG_MODE_DEBUG);
     #endif