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Merged revisions 74008,74021-74022,74074-74075,74077,74148,74179,74188,74192-74194,74200,74205 via svnmerge from
svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r74008 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-07-15 02:46:42 +0200 (Mi, 15 Jul 2009) | 1 line update year ........ r74021 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-16 09:33:04 +0200 (Do, 16 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6486: start with built in functions rather than "built in objects". ........ r74022 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-16 09:38:35 +0200 (Do, 16 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6481: fix typo in os.system() replacement. ........ r74074 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-18 11:03:10 +0200 (Sa, 18 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6513: fix example code: warning categories are classes, not instances. ........ r74075 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-18 11:06:31 +0200 (Sa, 18 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6505: fix typos. ........ r74077 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-18 11:43:40 +0200 (Sa, 18 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6489: fix an ambiguity in getiterator() documentation. ........ r74148 | ezio.melotti | 2009-07-21 22:18:27 +0200 (Di, 21 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6536 fixed typo ........ r74179 | ezio.melotti | 2009-07-22 23:08:49 +0200 (Mi, 22 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6423 has_key -> in ........ r74188 | benjamin.peterson | 2009-07-23 16:25:31 +0200 (Do, 23 Jul 2009) | 1 line use bools ........ r74192 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-24 18:28:38 +0200 (Fr, 24 Jul 2009) | 1 line Fix arg types of et#. ........ r74193 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-24 18:46:38 +0200 (Fr, 24 Jul 2009) | 1 line Dont put "void" in signature for nullary functions. ........ r74194 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-24 22:09:46 +0200 (Fr, 24 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6564: fix section about the two raise syntaxes. ........ r74200 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-25 15:02:15 +0200 (Sa, 25 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6571: add index entries for more operators. ........ r74205 | georg.brandl | 2009-07-26 15:36:39 +0200 (So, 26 Jul 2009) | 1 line #6576: fix cross-refs in re docs. ........
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20 changed files with 99 additions and 83 deletions
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@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ of the C variable(s) whose address should be passed.
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In both cases, *\*buffer_length* is set to the length of the encoded data
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without the trailing NUL byte.
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``et#`` (string, Unicode object or character buffer compatible object) [const char \*encoding, char \*\*buffer]
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``et#`` (string, Unicode object or character buffer compatible object) [const char \*encoding, char \*\*buffer, int \*buffer_length]
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Same as ``es#`` except that string objects are passed through without
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recoding them. Instead, the implementation assumes that the string object
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uses the encoding passed in as parameter.
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@ -72,21 +72,21 @@ Floating Point Objects
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.. versionadded:: 2.6
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.. cfunction:: double PyFloat_GetMax(void)
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.. cfunction:: double PyFloat_GetMax()
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Return the maximum representable finite float *DBL_MAX* as C :ctype:`double`.
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.. versionadded:: 2.6
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.. cfunction:: double PyFloat_GetMin(void)
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.. cfunction:: double PyFloat_GetMin()
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Return the minimum normalized positive float *DBL_MIN* as C :ctype:`double`.
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.. versionadded:: 2.6
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.. cfunction:: int PyFloat_ClearFreeList(void)
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.. cfunction:: int PyFloat_ClearFreeList()
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Clear the float free list. Return the number of items that could not
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be freed.
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@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ Plain Integer Objects
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(:const:`LONG_MAX`, as defined in the system header files).
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.. cfunction:: int PyInt_ClearFreeList(void)
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.. cfunction:: int PyInt_ClearFreeList()
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Clear the integer free list. Return the number of items that could not
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be freed.
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@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ There are some useful functions that are useful for working with method objects.
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Macro version of :cfunc:`PyMethod_Self` which avoids error checking.
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.. cfunction:: int PyMethod_ClearFreeList(void)
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.. cfunction:: int PyMethod_ClearFreeList()
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Clear the free list. Return the total number of freed items.
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@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ accessible to C code. They all work with the current interpreter thread's
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case *name* is deleted from the sys module. Returns ``0`` on success, ``-1``
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on error.
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.. cfunction:: void PySys_ResetWarnOptions(void)
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.. cfunction:: void PySys_ResetWarnOptions()
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Reset :data:`sys.warnoptions` to an empty list.
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@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ Tuple Objects
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require changes in your code for properly supporting 64-bit systems.
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.. cfunction:: int PyTuple_ClearFreeList(void)
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.. cfunction:: int PyTuple_ClearFreeList()
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Clear the free list. Return the total number of freed items.
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@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Type Objects
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.. versionadded:: 2.2
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.. cfunction:: unsigned int PyType_ClearCache(void)
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.. cfunction:: unsigned int PyType_ClearCache()
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Clear the internal lookup cache. Return the current version tag.
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@ -98,12 +98,13 @@ access internal read-only data of Unicode objects:
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:ctype:`PyUnicodeObject` (not checked).
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.. cfunction:: int PyUnicode_ClearFreeList(void)
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.. cfunction:: int PyUnicode_ClearFreeList()
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Clear the free list. Return the total number of freed items.
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.. versionadded:: 2.6
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Unicode provides many different character properties. The most often needed ones
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are available through these macros which are mapped to C functions depending on
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the Python configuration.
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Copyright
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Python and this documentation is:
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Copyright © 2001-2008 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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Copyright © 2001-2009 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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Copyright © 2000 BeOpen.com. All rights reserved.
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@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ than the URL you pass to .add_password() will also match. ::
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.. note::
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In the above example we only supplied our ``HHTPBasicAuthHandler`` to
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In the above example we only supplied our ``HTTPBasicAuthHandler`` to
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``build_opener``. By default openers have the handlers for normal situations
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-- ``ProxyHandler``, ``UnknownHandler``, ``HTTPHandler``,
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``HTTPDefaultErrorHandler``, ``HTTPRedirectHandler``, ``FTPHandler``,
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@ -91,12 +91,13 @@ form contents from standard input or the environment (depending on the value of
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various environment variables set according to the CGI standard). Since it may
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consume standard input, it should be instantiated only once.
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The :class:`FieldStorage` instance can be indexed like a Python dictionary, and
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also supports the standard dictionary methods :meth:`has_key` and :meth:`keys`.
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The built-in :func:`len` is also supported. Form fields containing empty
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strings are ignored and do not appear in the dictionary; to keep such values,
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provide a true value for the optional *keep_blank_values* keyword parameter when
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creating the :class:`FieldStorage` instance.
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The :class:`FieldStorage` instance can be indexed like a Python dictionary.
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It allows membership testing with the :keyword:`in` operator, and also supports
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the standard dictionary method :meth:`keys` and the built-in function
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:func:`len`. Form fields containing empty strings are ignored and do not appear
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in the dictionary; to keep such values, provide a true value for the optional
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*keep_blank_values* keyword parameter when creating the :class:`FieldStorage`
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instance.
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For instance, the following code (which assumes that the
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:mailheader:`Content-Type` header and blank line have already been printed)
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@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ checks that the fields ``name`` and ``addr`` are both set to a non-empty
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string::
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form = cgi.FieldStorage()
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if not (form.has_key("name") and form.has_key("addr")):
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if "name" not in form or "addr" not in form:
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print "<H1>Error</H1>"
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print "Please fill in the name and addr fields."
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return
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@ -44,8 +44,9 @@ browse the table of contents (in front of the manual), or look for a specific
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function, module or term in the index (in the back). And finally, if you enjoy
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learning about random subjects, you choose a random page number (see module
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:mod:`random`) and read a section or two. Regardless of the order in which you
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read the sections of this manual, it helps to start with chapter :ref:`builtin`,
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as the remainder of the manual assumes familiarity with this material.
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read the sections of this manual, it helps to start with chapter
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:ref:`built-in-funcs`, as the remainder of the manual assumes familiarity with
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this material.
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Let the show begin!
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@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ The special characters are:
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flags are described in :ref:`contents-of-module-re`.) This
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is useful if you wish to include the flags as part of the regular
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expression, instead of passing a *flag* argument to the
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:func:`compile` function.
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:func:`re.compile` function.
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Note that the ``(?x)`` flag changes how the expression is parsed. It should be
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used first in the expression string, or after one or more whitespace characters.
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@ -443,9 +443,9 @@ form.
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result = re.match(pattern, string)
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but using :func:`compile` and saving the resulting regular expression object
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for reuse is more efficient when the expression will be used several times
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in a single program.
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but using :func:`re.compile` and saving the resulting regular expression
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object for reuse is more efficient when the expression will be used several
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times in a single program.
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.. note::
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@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ form.
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.. note::
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If you want to locate a match anywhere in *string*, use :meth:`search`
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If you want to locate a match anywhere in *string*, use :func:`search`
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instead.
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@ -686,8 +686,8 @@ attributes:
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.. note::
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If you want to locate a match anywhere in *string*, use :meth:`search`
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instead.
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If you want to locate a match anywhere in *string*, use
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:meth:`~RegexObject.search` instead.
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The optional second parameter *pos* gives an index in the string where the
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search is to start; it defaults to ``0``. This is not completely equivalent to
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@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ attributes:
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is different from finding a zero-length match at some point in the string.
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The optional *pos* and *endpos* parameters have the same meaning as for the
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:meth:`match` method.
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:meth:`~RegexObject.match` method.
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.. method:: RegexObject.split(string[, maxsplit=0])
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@ -780,10 +780,10 @@ support the following methods and attributes:
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.. method:: MatchObject.expand(template)
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Return the string obtained by doing backslash substitution on the template
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string *template*, as done by the :meth:`sub` method. Escapes such as ``\n`` are
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converted to the appropriate characters, and numeric backreferences (``\1``,
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``\2``) and named backreferences (``\g<1>``, ``\g<name>``) are replaced by the
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contents of the corresponding group.
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string *template*, as done by the :meth:`~RegexObject.sub` method. Escapes
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such as ``\n`` are converted to the appropriate characters, and numeric
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backreferences (``\1``, ``\2``) and named backreferences (``\g<1>``,
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``\g<name>``) are replaced by the contents of the corresponding group.
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.. method:: MatchObject.group([group1, ...])
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@ -907,16 +907,16 @@ support the following methods and attributes:
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.. attribute:: MatchObject.pos
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The value of *pos* which was passed to the :func:`search` or :func:`match`
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method of the :class:`RegexObject`. This is the index into the string at which
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the RE engine started looking for a match.
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The value of *pos* which was passed to the :meth:`~RegexObject.search` or
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:meth:`~RegexObject.match` method of the :class:`RegexObject`. This is the
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index into the string at which the RE engine started looking for a match.
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.. attribute:: MatchObject.endpos
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The value of *endpos* which was passed to the :func:`search` or :func:`match`
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method of the :class:`RegexObject`. This is the index into the string beyond
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which the RE engine will not go.
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The value of *endpos* which was passed to the :meth:`~RegexObject.search` or
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:meth:`~RegexObject.match` method of the :class:`RegexObject`. This is the
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index into the string beyond which the RE engine will not go.
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.. attribute:: MatchObject.lastindex
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@ -936,13 +936,15 @@ support the following methods and attributes:
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.. attribute:: MatchObject.re
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The regular expression object whose :meth:`match` or :meth:`search` method
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produced this :class:`MatchObject` instance.
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The regular expression object whose :meth:`~RegexObject.match` or
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:meth:`~RegexObject.search` method produced this :class:`MatchObject`
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instance.
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.. attribute:: MatchObject.string
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The string passed to :func:`match` or :func:`search`.
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The string passed to :meth:`~RegexObject.match` or
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:meth:`~RegexObject.search`.
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Examples
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@ -987,8 +989,9 @@ To match this with a regular expression, one could use backreferences as such:
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>>> displaymatch(pair.match("354aa")) # Pair of aces.
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"<Match: '354aa', groups=('a',)>"
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To find out what card the pair consists of, one could use the :func:`group`
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method of :class:`MatchObject` in the following manner:
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To find out what card the pair consists of, one could use the
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:meth:`~MatchObject.group` method of :class:`MatchObject` in the following
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manner:
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.. doctest::
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@ -129,7 +129,17 @@ Notes:
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Comparisons
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===========
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.. index:: pair: chaining; comparisons
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.. index::
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pair: chaining; comparisons
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pair: operator; comparison
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operator: ==
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operator: <
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operator: <=
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operator: >
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operator: >=
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operator: !=
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operator: is
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operator: is not
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Comparison operations are supported by all objects. They all have the same
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priority (which is higher than that of the Boolean operations). Comparisons can
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@ -159,17 +169,6 @@ This table summarizes the comparison operations:
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| ``is not`` | negated object identity | |
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+------------+-------------------------+-------+
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.. index::
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pair: operator; comparison
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operator: ==
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operator: <
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operator: <=
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operator: >
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operator: >=
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operator: !=
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operator: is
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operator: is not
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Notes:
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(1)
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|
@ -262,6 +261,13 @@ part.
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builtin: long
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builtin: float
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builtin: complex
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operator: +
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operator: -
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operator: *
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operator: /
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operator: //
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operator: %
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operator: **
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Python fully supports mixed arithmetic: when a binary arithmetic operator has
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operands of different numeric types, the operand with the "narrower" type is
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|
@ -394,7 +400,15 @@ All :class:`numbers.Real` types (:class:`int`, :class:`long`, and
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Bit-string Operations on Integer Types
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--------------------------------------
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.. _bit-string-operations:
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.. index::
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triple: operations on; integer; types
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pair: bit-string; operations
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pair: shifting; operations
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pair: masking; operations
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operator: ^
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operator: &
|
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operator: <<
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operator: >>
|
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|
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Plain and long integer types support additional operations that make sense only
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for bit-strings. Negative numbers are treated as their 2's complement value
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@ -426,12 +440,6 @@ This table lists the bit-string operations sorted in ascending priority:
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| ``~x`` | the bits of *x* inverted | |
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+------------+--------------------------------+----------+
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.. index::
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triple: operations on; integer; types
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pair: bit-string; operations
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pair: shifting; operations
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pair: masking; operations
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|
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Notes:
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|
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(1)
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|
|
|
@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ Replacing :func:`os.system`
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sts = os.system("mycmd" + " myarg")
|
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==>
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p = Popen("mycmd" + " myarg", shell=True)
|
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sts = os.waitpid(p.pid, 0)
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sts = os.waitpid(p.pid, 0)[1]
|
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|
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Notes:
|
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|
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|
|
|
@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ check::
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fxn()
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# Verify some things
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assert len(w) == 1
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assert isinstance(w[-1].category, DeprecationWarning)
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assert issubclass(w[-1].category, DeprecationWarning)
|
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assert "deprecated" in str(w[-1].message)
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|
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One can also cause all warnings to be exceptions by using ``error`` instead of
|
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|
|
|
@ -46,14 +46,14 @@ The following exception is defined:
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The following functions are defined:
|
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|
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|
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.. function:: open(url[, new=0[, autoraise=1]])
|
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.. function:: open(url[, new=0[, autoraise=True]])
|
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|
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Display *url* using the default browser. If *new* is 0, the *url* is opened in
|
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the same browser window if possible. If *new* is 1, a new browser window is
|
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opened if possible. If *new* is 2, a new browser page ("tab") is opened if
|
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possible. If *autoraise* is true, the window is raised if possible (note that
|
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under many window managers this will occur regardless of the setting of this
|
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variable).
|
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Display *url* using the default browser. If *new* is 0, the *url* is opened
|
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in the same browser window if possible. If *new* is 1, a new browser window
|
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is opened if possible. If *new* is 2, a new browser page ("tab") is opened
|
||||
if possible. If *autoraise* is ``True``, the window is raised if possible
|
||||
(note that under many window managers this will occur regardless of the
|
||||
setting of this variable).
|
||||
|
||||
Note that on some platforms, trying to open a filename using this function,
|
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may work and start the operating system's associated program. However, this
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|
@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ Browser controllers provide these methods which parallel three of the
|
|||
module-level convenience functions:
|
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|
||||
|
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.. method:: controller.open(url[, new[, autoraise=1]])
|
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.. method:: controller.open(url[, new[, autoraise=True]])
|
||||
|
||||
Display *url* using the browser handled by this controller. If *new* is 1, a new
|
||||
browser window is opened if possible. If *new* is 2, a new browser page ("tab")
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -262,9 +262,9 @@ The following methods work on the element's children (subelements).
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|||
.. method:: Element.getiterator([tag=None])
|
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|
||||
Creates a tree iterator with the current element as the root. The iterator
|
||||
iterates over this element and all elements below it that match the given tag.
|
||||
If tag is ``None`` or ``'*'`` then all elements are iterated over. Returns an
|
||||
iterable that provides element objects in document (depth first) order.
|
||||
iterates over this element and all elements below it, in document (depth first)
|
||||
order. If *tag* is not ``None`` or ``'*'``, only elements whose tag equals
|
||||
*tag* are returned from the iterator.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
.. method:: Element.insert(index, element)
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -221,9 +221,11 @@ exception to occur. For example::
|
|||
File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
|
||||
NameError: HiThere
|
||||
|
||||
The sole argument to :keyword:`raise` indicates the exception to be raised.
|
||||
This must be either an exception instance or an exception class (a class that
|
||||
derives from :class:`Exception`).
|
||||
The argument to :keyword:`raise` is an exception class or instance to be
|
||||
raised. There is a deprecated alternate syntax that separates class and
|
||||
constructor arguments; the above could be written as ``raise NameError,
|
||||
'HiThere'``. Since it once was the only one available, the latter form is
|
||||
prevalent in older code.
|
||||
|
||||
If you need to determine whether an exception was raised but don't intend to
|
||||
handle it, a simpler form of the :keyword:`raise` statement allows you to
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -148,9 +148,9 @@ Positional and keyword arguments can be arbitrarily combined::
|
|||
... other='Georg')
|
||||
The story of Bill, Manfred, and Georg.
|
||||
|
||||
An optional ``':'`` and format specifier can follow the field name. This also
|
||||
An optional ``':'`` and format specifier can follow the field name. This allows
|
||||
greater control over how the value is formatted. The following example
|
||||
truncates the Pi to three places after the decimal.
|
||||
truncates Pi to three places after the decimal.
|
||||
|
||||
>>> import math
|
||||
>>> print 'The value of PI is approximately {0:.3f}.'.format(math.pi)
|
||||
|
@ -204,8 +204,8 @@ operation. For example::
|
|||
The value of PI is approximately 3.142.
|
||||
|
||||
Since :meth:`str.format` is quite new, a lot of Python code still uses the ``%``
|
||||
operator. However, because this old style of formatting will eventually removed
|
||||
from the language :meth:`str.format` should generally be used.
|
||||
operator. However, because this old style of formatting will eventually be
|
||||
removed from the language, :meth:`str.format` should generally be used.
|
||||
|
||||
More information can be found in the :ref:`string-formatting` section.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
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Reference in a new issue