gh-112050: Make collections.deque thread-safe in free-threaded builds (#113830)

Use critical sections to make deque methods that operate on mutable 
state thread-safe when the GIL is disabled. This is mostly accomplished
by using the @critical_section Argument Clinic directive, though there
are a few places where this was not possible and critical sections had
to be manually acquired/released.

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2024-01-08-21-57-41.gh-issue-112050.qwgjx1.rst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Make methods on :class:`collections.deque` thread-safe when the GIL is disabled.