From e0245c789f54b63d461717a91eec8ffccbe18966 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Kira <kirawhoprograms@fastmail.com>
Date: Thu, 3 Jul 2025 03:48:47 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] gh-135640: Adds more type checking to ElementTree (GH-135643)

---
 Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py                    | 27 +++++++++++++++++++
 Lib/xml/etree/ElementTree.py                  | 10 +++++--
 ...-06-22-02-16-17.gh-issue-135640.FXyFL6.rst |  4 +++
 3 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-06-22-02-16-17.gh-issue-135640.FXyFL6.rst

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py b/Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py
index 38be2cd437f..bf6d5074fde 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_xml_etree.py
@@ -218,6 +218,33 @@ class ElementTreeTest(unittest.TestCase):
     def serialize_check(self, elem, expected):
         self.assertEqual(serialize(elem), expected)
 
+    def test_constructor(self):
+        # Test constructor behavior.
+
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            tree = ET.ElementTree("")
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            tree = ET.ElementTree(ET.ElementTree())
+
+    def test_setroot(self):
+        # Test _setroot behavior.
+
+        tree = ET.ElementTree()
+        element = ET.Element("tag")
+        tree._setroot(element)
+        self.assertEqual(tree.getroot().tag, "tag")
+        self.assertEqual(tree.getroot(), element)
+
+        # Test behavior with an invalid root element
+
+        tree = ET.ElementTree()
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            tree._setroot("")
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            tree._setroot(ET.ElementTree())
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            tree._setroot(None)
+
     def test_interface(self):
         # Test element tree interface.
 
diff --git a/Lib/xml/etree/ElementTree.py b/Lib/xml/etree/ElementTree.py
index 44ab5d18624..dafe5b1b8a0 100644
--- a/Lib/xml/etree/ElementTree.py
+++ b/Lib/xml/etree/ElementTree.py
@@ -527,7 +527,9 @@ class ElementTree:
 
     """
     def __init__(self, element=None, file=None):
-        # assert element is None or iselement(element)
+        if element is not None and not iselement(element):
+            raise TypeError('expected an Element, not %s' %
+                            type(element).__name__)
         self._root = element # first node
         if file:
             self.parse(file)
@@ -543,7 +545,9 @@ class ElementTree:
         with the given element.  Use with care!
 
         """
-        # assert iselement(element)
+        if not iselement(element):
+            raise TypeError('expected an Element, not %s'
+                            % type(element).__name__)
         self._root = element
 
     def parse(self, source, parser=None):
@@ -709,6 +713,8 @@ class ElementTree:
                                     of start/end tags
 
         """
+        if self._root is None:
+            raise TypeError('ElementTree not initialized')
         if not method:
             method = "xml"
         elif method not in _serialize:
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-06-22-02-16-17.gh-issue-135640.FXyFL6.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-06-22-02-16-17.gh-issue-135640.FXyFL6.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ad217b57b4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-06-22-02-16-17.gh-issue-135640.FXyFL6.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Address bug where it was possible to call
+:func:`xml.etree.ElementTree.ElementTree.write` on an ElementTree object with
+an invalid root element. This behavior blanked the file passed to ``write``
+if it already existed.