GH-104584: Fix ENTER_EXECUTOR (GH-106141)

* Check eval-breaker in ENTER_EXECUTOR.

* Make sure that frame->prev_instr is set before entering executor.

Python/ceval_gil.c

@@ -1052,8 +1052,65 @@ _PyEval_FiniState(struct _ceval_state *ceval)
     }
 }
 
-/* Handle signals, pending calls, GIL drop request
-   and asynchronous exception */
+
+/* Do periodic things, like check for signals and async I/0.
+* We need to do reasonably frequently, but not too frequently.
+* All loops should include a check of the eval breaker.
+* We also check on return from any builtin function.
+*
+* ## More Details ###
+*
+* The eval loop (this function) normally executes the instructions
+* of a code object sequentially.  However, the runtime supports a
+* number of out-of-band execution scenarios that may pause that
+* sequential execution long enough to do that out-of-band work
+* in the current thread using the current PyThreadState.
+*
+* The scenarios include:
+*
+*  - cyclic garbage collection
+*  - GIL drop requests
+*  - "async" exceptions
+*  - "pending calls"  (some only in the main thread)
+*  - signal handling (only in the main thread)
+*
+* When the need for one of the above is detected, the eval loop
+* pauses long enough to handle the detected case.  Then, if doing
+* so didn't trigger an exception, the eval loop resumes executing
+* the sequential instructions.
+*
+* To make this work, the eval loop periodically checks if any
+* of the above needs to happen.  The individual checks can be
+* expensive if computed each time, so a while back we switched
+* to using pre-computed, per-interpreter variables for the checks,
+* and later consolidated that to a single "eval breaker" variable
+* (now a PyInterpreterState field).
+*
+* For the longest time, the eval breaker check would happen
+* frequently, every 5 or so times through the loop, regardless
+* of what instruction ran last or what would run next.  Then, in
+* early 2021 (gh-18334, commit 4958f5d), we switched to checking
+* the eval breaker less frequently, by hard-coding the check to
+* specific places in the eval loop (e.g. certain instructions).
+* The intent then was to check after returning from calls
+* and on the back edges of loops.
+*
+* In addition to being more efficient, that approach keeps
+* the eval loop from running arbitrary code between instructions
+* that don't handle that well.  (See gh-74174.)
+*
+* Currently, the eval breaker check happens on back edges in
+* the control flow graph, which pretty much applies to all loops,
+* and most calls.
+* (See bytecodes.c for exact information.)
+*
+* One consequence of this approach is that it might not be obvious
+* how to force any specific thread to pick up the eval breaker,
+* or for any specific thread to not pick it up.  Mostly this
+* involves judicious uses of locks and careful ordering of code,
+* while avoiding code that might trigger the eval breaker
+* until so desired.
+*/
 int
 _Py_HandlePending(PyThreadState *tstate)
 {