gh-93851: Fix all broken links in Doc/ (GH-93853)

Doc/library/datetime.rst

@@ -2603,7 +2603,7 @@ Notes:
        many other calendar systems.
 
 .. [#] See R. H. van Gent's `guide to the mathematics of the ISO 8601 calendar
-       <https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/calendar/isocalendar.htm>`_
+       <https://web.archive.org/web/20220531051136/https://webspace.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/calendar/isocalendar.htm>`_
        for a good explanation.
 
 .. [#] Passing ``datetime.strptime('Feb 29', '%b %d')`` will fail since ``1900`` is not a leap year.

Doc/library/hashlib.rst

@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ function:
     hash function used in the protocol summarily stops this type of attack.
 
     (`The Skein Hash Function Family
-    <http://www.skein-hash.info/sites/default/files/skein1.3.pdf>`_,
+    <https://www.schneier.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/skein.pdf>`_,
     p. 21)
 
 BLAKE2 can be personalized by passing bytes to the *person* argument::

Doc/library/html.entities.rst

@@ -44,4 +44,4 @@ This module defines four dictionaries, :data:`html5`,
 
 .. rubric:: Footnotes
 
-.. [#] See https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#named-character-references
+.. [#] See https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/named-characters.html#named-character-references

Doc/library/importlib.metadata.rst

@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ Inspect the resolved entry point::
 The ``group`` and ``name`` are arbitrary values defined by the package author
 and usually a client will wish to resolve all entry points for a particular
 group.  Read `the setuptools docs
-<https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/setuptools.html#dynamic-discovery-of-services-and-plugins>`_
+<https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/entry_point.html>`_
 for more information on entry points, their definition, and usage.
 
 *Compatibility Note*

Doc/library/importlib.resources.rst

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 .. module:: importlib.resources
     :synopsis: Package resource reading, opening, and access
 
-**Source code:** :source:`Lib/importlib/resources.py`
+**Source code:** :source:`Lib/importlib/resources/__init__.py`
 
 --------------
 

Doc/library/math.rst

@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ Special functions
 
    The :func:`erf` function can be used to compute traditional statistical
    functions such as the `cumulative standard normal distribution
-   <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution#Cumulative_distribution_function>`_::
+   <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution#Cumulative_distribution_functions>`_::
 
      def phi(x):
          'Cumulative distribution function for the standard normal distribution'

Doc/library/os.rst

@@ -4318,7 +4318,7 @@ written in Python, such as a mail server's external command delivery program.
    :attr:`!children_system`, and :attr:`!elapsed` in that order.
 
    See the Unix manual page
-   :manpage:`times(2)` and :manpage:`times(3)` manual page on Unix or `the GetProcessTimes MSDN
+   :manpage:`times(2)` and `times(3) <https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?time(3)>`_ manual page on Unix or `the GetProcessTimes MSDN
    <https://docs.microsoft.com/windows/win32/api/processthreadsapi/nf-processthreadsapi-getprocesstimes>`_
    on Windows. On Windows, only :attr:`!user` and :attr:`!system` are known; the other attributes are zero.
 

Doc/library/pathlib.rst

@@ -328,14 +328,13 @@ Pure paths provide the following methods and properties:
    .. note::
 
       This behavior conforms to *The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6*,
-      paragraph `4.11 *Pathname Resolution* <xbd_path_resolution>`_:
+      paragraph `4.11 Pathname Resolution
+      <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap04.html#tag_04_11>`_:
 
       *"A pathname that begins with two successive slashes may be interpreted in
       an implementation-defined manner, although more than two leading slashes
       shall be treated as a single slash."*
 
-   .. xbd_path_resolution: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap04.html#tag_04_11
-
 .. data:: PurePath.anchor
 
    The concatenation of the drive and root::

Doc/library/signal.rst

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ The signal module defines three enums:
 
    :class:`enum.IntEnum` collection the constants :const:`SIG_BLOCK`, :const:`SIG_UNBLOCK` and :const:`SIG_SETMASK`.
 
-   Availability: Unix. See the man page :manpage:`sigprocmask(3)` and
+   Availability: Unix. See the man page :manpage:`sigprocmask(2)` and
    :manpage:`pthread_sigmask(3)` for further information.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.5

Doc/library/ssl.rst

@@ -1910,7 +1910,7 @@ to speed up repeated connections from the same clients.
 .. method:: SSLContext.session_stats()
 
    Get statistics about the SSL sessions created or managed by this context.
-   A dictionary is returned which maps the names of each `piece of information <https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.1.1/ssl/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>`_ to their
+   A dictionary is returned which maps the names of each `piece of information <https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.1.1/man3/SSL_CTX_sess_number.html>`_ to their
    numeric values.  For example, here is the total number of hits and misses
    in the session cache since the context was created::
 
@@ -2704,7 +2704,7 @@ enabled when negotiating a SSL session is possible through the
 :meth:`SSLContext.set_ciphers` method.  Starting from Python 3.2.3, the
 ssl module disables certain weak ciphers by default, but you may want
 to further restrict the cipher choice. Be sure to read OpenSSL's documentation
-about the `cipher list format <https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man1/ciphers.html#CIPHER-LIST-FORMAT>`_.
+about the `cipher list format <https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.1.1/man1/ciphers.html#CIPHER-LIST-FORMAT>`_.
 If you want to check which ciphers are enabled by a given cipher list, use
 :meth:`SSLContext.get_ciphers` or the ``openssl ciphers`` command on your
 system.

Doc/library/statistics.rst

@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ of applications in statistics.
        Compute the inverse cumulative distribution function, also known as the
        `quantile function <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantile_function>`_
        or the `percent-point
-       <https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/inverse-distribution-function/>`_
+       <https://web.archive.org/web/20190203145224/https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/inverse-distribution-function/>`_
        function.  Mathematically, it is written ``x : P(X <= x) = p``.
 
        Finds the value *x* of the random variable *X* such that the
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ probability that the Python room will stay within its capacity limits?
 Normal distributions commonly arise in machine learning problems.
 
 Wikipedia has a `nice example of a Naive Bayesian Classifier
-<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_Bayes_classifier#Sex_classification>`_.
+<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_Bayes_classifier#Person_classification>`_.
 The challenge is to predict a person's gender from measurements of normally
 distributed features including height, weight, and foot size.
 

Doc/library/struct.rst

@@ -467,6 +467,6 @@ The :mod:`struct` module also defines the following type:
 
 .. _half precision format: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-precision_floating-point_format
 
-.. _ieee 754 standard: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_floating_point#IEEE_754-2008
+.. _ieee 754 standard: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754-2008_revision
 
 .. _IETF RFC 1700: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1700

Doc/library/unittest.mock.rst

@@ -1944,7 +1944,7 @@ Both patch_ and patch.object_ correctly patch and restore descriptors: class
 methods, static methods and properties. You should patch these on the *class*
 rather than an instance. They also work with *some* objects
 that proxy attribute access, like the `django settings object
-<http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/weblog/arch_d7_2010_12_04.shtml#e1198>`_.
+<https://web.archive.org/web/20200603181648/http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/weblog/arch_d7_2010_12_04.shtml#e1198>`_.
 
 
 MagicMock and magic method support