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Fred Drake 1998-03-14 07:00:41 +00:00
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87
Doc/lib/libbasehttp.tex
View file

@ -7,19 +7,18 @@
\index{URL} \index{URL}
\index{httpd} \index{httpd}
\setindexsubitem{(in module BaseHTTPServer)}
This module defines two classes for implementing HTTP servers This module defines two classes for implementing HTTP servers
(web servers). Usually, this module isn't used directly, but is used (web servers). Usually, this module isn't used directly, but is used
as a basis for building functioning web servers. See the as a basis for building functioning web servers. See the
\code{SimpleHTTPServer} and \code{CGIHTTPServer} modules. \module{SimpleHTTPServer} and \module{CGIHTTPServer} modules.
\stmodindex{SimpleHTTPServer} \refstmodindex{SimpleHTTPServer}
\stmodindex{CGIHTTPServer} \refstmodindex{CGIHTTPServer}
The first class, \code{HTTPServer}, is a \code{SocketServer.TCPServer} The first class, \class{HTTPServer}, is a
subclass. It creates and listens at the web socket, dispatching the \class{SocketServer.TCPServer} subclass. It creates and listens at the
requests to a handler. Code to create and run the server looks like web socket, dispatching the requests to a handler. Code to create and
this: run the server looks like this:
\begin{verbatim} \begin{verbatim}
def run(server_class=BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer, def run(server_class=BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer,
@ -28,38 +27,38 @@ def run(server_class=BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer,
httpd = server_class(server_address, handler_class) httpd = server_class(server_address, handler_class)
httpd.serve_forever() httpd.serve_forever()
\end{verbatim} \end{verbatim}
%
The \code{HTTPServer} class builds on the \code{TCPServer} class by
storing the server address as instance
variables named \code{server_name} and \code{server_port}. The
server is accessible by the handler, typically through the handler's
\code{server} instance variable.
The module's second class, \code{BaseHTTPRequestHandler}, is used The \class{HTTPServer} class builds on the \class{TCPServer} class by
storing the server address as instance
variables named \member{server_name} and \member{server_port}. The
server is accessible by the handler, typically through the handler's
\member{server} instance variable.
The module's second class, \class{BaseHTTPRequestHandler}, is used
to handle the HTTP requests that arrive at the server. By itself, to handle the HTTP requests that arrive at the server. By itself,
it cannot respond to any actual HTTP requests; it must be subclassed it cannot respond to any actual HTTP requests; it must be subclassed
to handle each request method (e.g. GET or POST). to handle each request method (e.g. GET or POST).
\code{BaseHTTPRequestHandler} provides a number of class and instance \class{BaseHTTPRequestHandler} provides a number of class and instance
variables, and methods for use by subclasses. variables, and methods for use by subclasses.
The handler will parse the request and the headers, then call a The handler will parse the request and the headers, then call a
method specific to the request type. The method name is constructed method specific to the request type. The method name is constructed
from the request. For example, for the request \code{SPAM}, the from the request. For example, for the request \samp{SPAM}, the
\code{do_SPAM} method will be called with no arguments. All of \method{do_SPAM()} method will be called with no arguments. All of
the relevant information is stored into instance variables of the the relevant information is stored into instance variables of the
handler. handler.
\setindexsubitem{(BaseHTTPRequestHandler instance variable)} \setindexsubitem{(BaseHTTPRequestHandler attribute)}
\code{BaseHTTPRequestHandler} has the following instance variables: \class{BaseHTTPRequestHandler} has the following instance variables:
\begin{datadesc}{client_address} \begin{datadesc}{client_address}
Contains a tuple of the form (host, port) referring to the client's Contains a tuple of the form \code{(\var{host}, \var{port})} referring
address. to the client's address.
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{command} \begin{datadesc}{command}
Contains the command (request type). For example, \code{"GET"}. Contains the command (request type). For example, \code{'GET'}.
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{path} \begin{datadesc}{path}
@ -68,11 +67,11 @@ Contains the request path.
\begin{datadesc}{request_version} \begin{datadesc}{request_version}
Contains the version string from the request. For example, Contains the version string from the request. For example,
\code{"HTTP/1.0"}. \code{'HTTP/1.0'}.
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{headers} \begin{datadesc}{headers}
Holds an instance of the class specified by the \var{MessageClass} Holds an instance of the class specified by the \member{MessageClass}
class variable. This instance parses and manages the headers in class variable. This instance parses and manages the headers in
the HTTP request. the HTTP request.
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ Proper adherance to the HTTP protocol must be used when writing
to this stream. to this stream.
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\setindexsubitem{(BaseHTTPRequestHandler class variable)} \setindexsubitem{(BaseHTTPRequestHandler attribute)}
\code{BaseHTTPRequestHandler} has the following class variables: \code{BaseHTTPRequestHandler} has the following class variables:
@ -97,13 +96,13 @@ Specifies the server software version. You may want to override
this. this.
The format is multiple whitespace-separated strings, The format is multiple whitespace-separated strings,
where each string is of the form name[/version]. where each string is of the form name[/version].
For example, \code{"BaseHTTP/0.2"}. For example, \code{'BaseHTTP/0.2'}.
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{sys_version} \begin{datadesc}{sys_version}
Contains the Python system version, in a form usable by the Contains the Python system version, in a form usable by the
\code{version_string} method and the \code{server_version} class \member{version_string} method and the \member{server_version} class
variable. For example, \code{"Python/1.4"}. variable. For example, \code{'Python/1.4'}.
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{error_message_format} \begin{datadesc}{error_message_format}
@ -121,38 +120,40 @@ class variable.
\begin{datadesc}{protocol_version} \begin{datadesc}{protocol_version}
This specifies the HTTP protocol version used in responses. This specifies the HTTP protocol version used in responses.
Typically, this should not be overridden. Defaults to Typically, this should not be overridden. Defaults to
\code{"HTTP/1.0"}. \code{'HTTP/1.0'}.
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{MessageClass} \begin{datadesc}{MessageClass}
Specifies a Message-like class to parse HTTP headers. Typically, Specifies a \class{rfc822.Message}-like class to parse HTTP
this is not overridden, and it defaults to \code{mimetools.Message}. headers. Typically, this is not overridden, and it defaults to
\class{mimetools.Message}.
\withsubitem{(in module mimetools)}{\ttindex{Message}}
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{responses} \begin{datadesc}{responses}
This variable contains a mapping of error code integers to two-element This variable contains a mapping of error code integers to two-element
tuples containing a short and long message. For example, tuples containing a short and long message. For example,
\code{\{code : (shortmessage, longmessage)\}}. The \code{\{\var{code}: (\var{shortmessage}, \var{longmessage})\}}. The
\var{shortmessage} is usually used as the \var{message} key in an \var{shortmessage} is usually used as the \var{message} key in an
error response, and \var{longmessage} as the \var{explain} key error response, and \var{longmessage} as the \var{explain} key
(see the \code{error_message_format} class variable). (see the \member{error_message_format} class variable).
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\setindexsubitem{(BaseHTTPRequestHandler method)} \setindexsubitem{(BaseHTTPRequestHandler method)}
A \code{BaseHTTPRequestHandler} instance has the following methods: A \class{BaseHTTPRequestHandler} instance has the following methods:
\begin{funcdesc}{handle}{} \begin{funcdesc}{handle}{}
Overrides the superclass' \code{handle} method to provide the Overrides the superclass' \method{handle()} method to provide the
specific handler behavior. This method will parse and dispatch specific handler behavior. This method will parse and dispatch
the request to the appropriate \code{do_}* method. the request to the appropriate \code{do_*()} method.
\end{funcdesc} \end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{send_error}{code\optional{\, message}} \begin{funcdesc}{send_error}{code\optional{, message}}
Sends and logs a complete error reply to the client. The numeric Sends and logs a complete error reply to the client. The numeric
\var{code} specifies the HTTP error code, with \var{message} as \var{code} specifies the HTTP error code, with \var{message} as
optional, more specific text. A complete set of headers is sent, optional, more specific text. A complete set of headers is sent,
followed by text composed using the \code{error_message_format} followed by text composed using the \member{error_message_format}
class variable. class variable.
\end{funcdesc} \end{funcdesc}
@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ class variable.
Sends a response header and logs the accepted request. The HTTP Sends a response header and logs the accepted request. The HTTP
response line is sent, followed by \emph{Server} and \emph{Date} response line is sent, followed by \emph{Server} and \emph{Date}
headers. The values for these two headers are picked up from the headers. The values for these two headers are picked up from the
\code{version_string()} and \code{date_time_string()} methods, \method{version_string()} and \method{date_time_string()} methods,
respectively. respectively.
\end{funcdesc} \end{funcdesc}
@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ the response is available, then it should be passed as the
\begin{funcdesc}{log_error}{...} \begin{funcdesc}{log_error}{...}
Logs an error when a request cannot be fulfilled. By default, Logs an error when a request cannot be fulfilled. By default,
it passes the message to \code{log_message}, so it takes the it passes the message to \method{log_message()}, so it takes the
same arguments (\var{format} and additional values). same arguments (\var{format} and additional values).
\end{funcdesc} \end{funcdesc}
@ -192,14 +193,14 @@ same arguments (\var{format} and additional values).
Logs an arbitrary message to \code{sys.stderr}. This is typically Logs an arbitrary message to \code{sys.stderr}. This is typically
overridden to create custom error logging mechanisms. The overridden to create custom error logging mechanisms. The
\var{format} argument is a standard printf-style format string, \var{format} argument is a standard printf-style format string,
where the additional arguments to \code{log_message} are applied where the additional arguments to \method{log_message()} are applied
as inputs to the formatting. The client address and current date as inputs to the formatting. The client address and current date
and time are prefixed to every message logged. and time are prefixed to every message logged.
\end{funcdesc} \end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{version_string}{} \begin{funcdesc}{version_string}{}
Returns the server software's version string. This is a combination Returns the server software's version string. This is a combination
of the \var{server_version} and \var{sys_version} class variables. of the \member{server_version} and \member{sys_version} class variables.
\end{funcdesc} \end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{date_time_string}{} \begin{funcdesc}{date_time_string}{}

87
Doc/libbasehttp.tex
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@ -7,19 +7,18 @@
\index{URL} \index{URL}
\index{httpd} \index{httpd}
\setindexsubitem{(in module BaseHTTPServer)}
This module defines two classes for implementing HTTP servers This module defines two classes for implementing HTTP servers
(web servers). Usually, this module isn't used directly, but is used (web servers). Usually, this module isn't used directly, but is used
as a basis for building functioning web servers. See the as a basis for building functioning web servers. See the
\code{SimpleHTTPServer} and \code{CGIHTTPServer} modules. \module{SimpleHTTPServer} and \module{CGIHTTPServer} modules.
\stmodindex{SimpleHTTPServer} \refstmodindex{SimpleHTTPServer}
\stmodindex{CGIHTTPServer} \refstmodindex{CGIHTTPServer}
The first class, \code{HTTPServer}, is a \code{SocketServer.TCPServer} The first class, \class{HTTPServer}, is a
subclass. It creates and listens at the web socket, dispatching the \class{SocketServer.TCPServer} subclass. It creates and listens at the
requests to a handler. Code to create and run the server looks like web socket, dispatching the requests to a handler. Code to create and
this: run the server looks like this:
\begin{verbatim} \begin{verbatim}
def run(server_class=BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer, def run(server_class=BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer,
@ -28,38 +27,38 @@ def run(server_class=BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer,
httpd = server_class(server_address, handler_class) httpd = server_class(server_address, handler_class)
httpd.serve_forever() httpd.serve_forever()
\end{verbatim} \end{verbatim}
%
The \code{HTTPServer} class builds on the \code{TCPServer} class by
storing the server address as instance
variables named \code{server_name} and \code{server_port}. The
server is accessible by the handler, typically through the handler's
\code{server} instance variable.
The module's second class, \code{BaseHTTPRequestHandler}, is used The \class{HTTPServer} class builds on the \class{TCPServer} class by
storing the server address as instance
variables named \member{server_name} and \member{server_port}. The
server is accessible by the handler, typically through the handler's
\member{server} instance variable.
The module's second class, \class{BaseHTTPRequestHandler}, is used
to handle the HTTP requests that arrive at the server. By itself, to handle the HTTP requests that arrive at the server. By itself,
it cannot respond to any actual HTTP requests; it must be subclassed it cannot respond to any actual HTTP requests; it must be subclassed
to handle each request method (e.g. GET or POST). to handle each request method (e.g. GET or POST).
\code{BaseHTTPRequestHandler} provides a number of class and instance \class{BaseHTTPRequestHandler} provides a number of class and instance
variables, and methods for use by subclasses. variables, and methods for use by subclasses.
The handler will parse the request and the headers, then call a The handler will parse the request and the headers, then call a
method specific to the request type. The method name is constructed method specific to the request type. The method name is constructed
from the request. For example, for the request \code{SPAM}, the from the request. For example, for the request \samp{SPAM}, the
\code{do_SPAM} method will be called with no arguments. All of \method{do_SPAM()} method will be called with no arguments. All of
the relevant information is stored into instance variables of the the relevant information is stored into instance variables of the
handler. handler.
\setindexsubitem{(BaseHTTPRequestHandler instance variable)} \setindexsubitem{(BaseHTTPRequestHandler attribute)}
\code{BaseHTTPRequestHandler} has the following instance variables: \class{BaseHTTPRequestHandler} has the following instance variables:
\begin{datadesc}{client_address} \begin{datadesc}{client_address}
Contains a tuple of the form (host, port) referring to the client's Contains a tuple of the form \code{(\var{host}, \var{port})} referring
address. to the client's address.
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{command} \begin{datadesc}{command}
Contains the command (request type). For example, \code{"GET"}. Contains the command (request type). For example, \code{'GET'}.
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{path} \begin{datadesc}{path}
@ -68,11 +67,11 @@ Contains the request path.
\begin{datadesc}{request_version} \begin{datadesc}{request_version}
Contains the version string from the request. For example, Contains the version string from the request. For example,
\code{"HTTP/1.0"}. \code{'HTTP/1.0'}.
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{headers} \begin{datadesc}{headers}
Holds an instance of the class specified by the \var{MessageClass} Holds an instance of the class specified by the \member{MessageClass}
class variable. This instance parses and manages the headers in class variable. This instance parses and manages the headers in
the HTTP request. the HTTP request.
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ Proper adherance to the HTTP protocol must be used when writing
to this stream. to this stream.
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\setindexsubitem{(BaseHTTPRequestHandler class variable)} \setindexsubitem{(BaseHTTPRequestHandler attribute)}
\code{BaseHTTPRequestHandler} has the following class variables: \code{BaseHTTPRequestHandler} has the following class variables:
@ -97,13 +96,13 @@ Specifies the server software version. You may want to override
this. this.
The format is multiple whitespace-separated strings, The format is multiple whitespace-separated strings,
where each string is of the form name[/version]. where each string is of the form name[/version].
For example, \code{"BaseHTTP/0.2"}. For example, \code{'BaseHTTP/0.2'}.
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{sys_version} \begin{datadesc}{sys_version}
Contains the Python system version, in a form usable by the Contains the Python system version, in a form usable by the
\code{version_string} method and the \code{server_version} class \member{version_string} method and the \member{server_version} class
variable. For example, \code{"Python/1.4"}. variable. For example, \code{'Python/1.4'}.
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{error_message_format} \begin{datadesc}{error_message_format}
@ -121,38 +120,40 @@ class variable.
\begin{datadesc}{protocol_version} \begin{datadesc}{protocol_version}
This specifies the HTTP protocol version used in responses. This specifies the HTTP protocol version used in responses.
Typically, this should not be overridden. Defaults to Typically, this should not be overridden. Defaults to
\code{"HTTP/1.0"}. \code{'HTTP/1.0'}.
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{MessageClass} \begin{datadesc}{MessageClass}
Specifies a Message-like class to parse HTTP headers. Typically, Specifies a \class{rfc822.Message}-like class to parse HTTP
this is not overridden, and it defaults to \code{mimetools.Message}. headers. Typically, this is not overridden, and it defaults to
\class{mimetools.Message}.
\withsubitem{(in module mimetools)}{\ttindex{Message}}
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\begin{datadesc}{responses} \begin{datadesc}{responses}
This variable contains a mapping of error code integers to two-element This variable contains a mapping of error code integers to two-element
tuples containing a short and long message. For example, tuples containing a short and long message. For example,
\code{\{code : (shortmessage, longmessage)\}}. The \code{\{\var{code}: (\var{shortmessage}, \var{longmessage})\}}. The
\var{shortmessage} is usually used as the \var{message} key in an \var{shortmessage} is usually used as the \var{message} key in an
error response, and \var{longmessage} as the \var{explain} key error response, and \var{longmessage} as the \var{explain} key
(see the \code{error_message_format} class variable). (see the \member{error_message_format} class variable).
\end{datadesc} \end{datadesc}
\setindexsubitem{(BaseHTTPRequestHandler method)} \setindexsubitem{(BaseHTTPRequestHandler method)}
A \code{BaseHTTPRequestHandler} instance has the following methods: A \class{BaseHTTPRequestHandler} instance has the following methods:
\begin{funcdesc}{handle}{} \begin{funcdesc}{handle}{}
Overrides the superclass' \code{handle} method to provide the Overrides the superclass' \method{handle()} method to provide the
specific handler behavior. This method will parse and dispatch specific handler behavior. This method will parse and dispatch
the request to the appropriate \code{do_}* method. the request to the appropriate \code{do_*()} method.
\end{funcdesc} \end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{send_error}{code\optional{\, message}} \begin{funcdesc}{send_error}{code\optional{, message}}
Sends and logs a complete error reply to the client. The numeric Sends and logs a complete error reply to the client. The numeric
\var{code} specifies the HTTP error code, with \var{message} as \var{code} specifies the HTTP error code, with \var{message} as
optional, more specific text. A complete set of headers is sent, optional, more specific text. A complete set of headers is sent,
followed by text composed using the \code{error_message_format} followed by text composed using the \member{error_message_format}
class variable. class variable.
\end{funcdesc} \end{funcdesc}
@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ class variable.
Sends a response header and logs the accepted request. The HTTP Sends a response header and logs the accepted request. The HTTP
response line is sent, followed by \emph{Server} and \emph{Date} response line is sent, followed by \emph{Server} and \emph{Date}
headers. The values for these two headers are picked up from the headers. The values for these two headers are picked up from the
\code{version_string()} and \code{date_time_string()} methods, \method{version_string()} and \method{date_time_string()} methods,
respectively. respectively.
\end{funcdesc} \end{funcdesc}
@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ the response is available, then it should be passed as the
\begin{funcdesc}{log_error}{...} \begin{funcdesc}{log_error}{...}
Logs an error when a request cannot be fulfilled. By default, Logs an error when a request cannot be fulfilled. By default,
it passes the message to \code{log_message}, so it takes the it passes the message to \method{log_message()}, so it takes the
same arguments (\var{format} and additional values). same arguments (\var{format} and additional values).
\end{funcdesc} \end{funcdesc}
@ -192,14 +193,14 @@ same arguments (\var{format} and additional values).
Logs an arbitrary message to \code{sys.stderr}. This is typically Logs an arbitrary message to \code{sys.stderr}. This is typically
overridden to create custom error logging mechanisms. The overridden to create custom error logging mechanisms. The
\var{format} argument is a standard printf-style format string, \var{format} argument is a standard printf-style format string,
where the additional arguments to \code{log_message} are applied where the additional arguments to \method{log_message()} are applied
as inputs to the formatting. The client address and current date as inputs to the formatting. The client address and current date
and time are prefixed to every message logged. and time are prefixed to every message logged.
\end{funcdesc} \end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{version_string}{} \begin{funcdesc}{version_string}{}
Returns the server software's version string. This is a combination Returns the server software's version string. This is a combination
of the \var{server_version} and \var{sys_version} class variables. of the \member{server_version} and \member{sys_version} class variables.
\end{funcdesc} \end{funcdesc}
\begin{funcdesc}{date_time_string}{} \begin{funcdesc}{date_time_string}{}