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104 lines
5 KiB
PHP
104 lines
5 KiB
PHP
Creation of :ref:`virtual environments <venv-def>` is done by executing the
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``pyvenv`` script::
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pyvenv /path/to/new/virtual/environment
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Running this command creates the target directory (creating any parent
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directories that don't exist already) and places a ``pyvenv.cfg`` file in it
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with a ``home`` key pointing to the Python installation the command was run
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from. It also creates a ``bin`` (or ``Scripts`` on Windows) subdirectory
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containing a copy of the ``python`` binary (or binaries, in the case of
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Windows). It also creates an (initially empty) ``lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages``
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subdirectory (on Windows, this is ``Lib\site-packages``).
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.. seealso::
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`Python Packaging User Guide: Creating and using virtual environments
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<http://packaging.python.org/en/latest/tutorial.html#creating-and-using-virtual-environments>`__
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.. highlight:: none
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On Windows, you may have to invoke the ``pyvenv`` script as follows, if you
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don't have the relevant PATH and PATHEXT settings::
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c:\Temp>c:\Python33\python c:\Python33\Tools\Scripts\pyvenv.py myenv
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or equivalently::
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c:\Temp>c:\Python33\python -m venv myenv
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The command, if run with ``-h``, will show the available options::
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usage: pyvenv [-h] [--system-site-packages] [--symlinks] [--clear]
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[--upgrade] [--without-pip] ENV_DIR [ENV_DIR ...]
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Creates virtual Python environments in one or more target directories.
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positional arguments:
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ENV_DIR A directory to create the environment in.
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--system-site-packages Give access to the global site-packages dir to the
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virtual environment.
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--symlinks Try to use symlinks rather than copies, when symlinks
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are not the default for the platform.
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--copies Try to use copies rather than symlinks, even when
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symlinks are the default for the platform.
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--clear Delete the environment directory if it already exists.
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If not specified and the directory exists, an error is
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raised.
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--upgrade Upgrade the environment directory to use this version
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of Python, assuming Python has been upgraded in-place.
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--without-pip Skips installing or upgrading pip in the virtual
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environment (pip is bootstrapped by default)
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.. versionchanged:: 3.4
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Installs pip by default, added the ``--without-pip`` and ``--copies``
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options
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If the target directory already exists an error will be raised, unless
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the ``--clear`` or ``--upgrade`` option was provided.
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The created ``pyvenv.cfg`` file also includes the
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``include-system-site-packages`` key, set to ``true`` if ``venv`` is
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run with the ``--system-site-packages`` option, ``false`` otherwise.
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Unless the ``--without-pip`` option is given, :mod:`ensurepip` will be
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invoked to bootstrap ``pip`` into the virtual environment.
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Multiple paths can be given to ``pyvenv``, in which case an identical
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virtualenv will be created, according to the given options, at each
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provided path.
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Once a venv has been created, it can be "activated" using a script in the
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venv's binary directory. The invocation of the script is platform-specific:
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+-------------+-----------------+-----------------------------------------+
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| Platform | Shell | Command to activate virtual environment |
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+=============+=================+=========================================+
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| Posix | bash/zsh | $ source <venv>/bin/activate |
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+-------------+-----------------+-----------------------------------------+
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| | fish | $ . <venv>/bin/activate.fish |
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+-------------+-----------------+-----------------------------------------+
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| | csh/tcsh | $ source <venv>/bin/activate.csh |
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+-------------+-----------------+-----------------------------------------+
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| Windows | cmd.exe | C:\> <venv>/Scripts/activate.bat |
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+-------------+-----------------+-----------------------------------------+
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| | PowerShell | PS C:\> <venv>/Scripts/Activate.ps1 |
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+-------------+-----------------+-----------------------------------------+
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You don't specifically *need* to activate an environment; activation just
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prepends the venv's binary directory to your path, so that "python" invokes the
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venv's Python interpreter and you can run installed scripts without having to
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use their full path. However, all scripts installed in a venv should be
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runnable without activating it, and run with the venv's Python automatically.
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You can deactivate a venv by typing "deactivate" in your shell. The exact
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mechanism is platform-specific: for example, the Bash activation script defines
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a "deactivate" function, whereas on Windows there are separate scripts called
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``deactivate.bat`` and ``Deactivate.ps1`` which are installed when the venv is
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created.
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.. versionadded:: 3.4
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``fish`` and ``csh`` activation scripts.
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