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91106cd9ff
* Add -X utf8 command line option, PYTHONUTF8 environment variable and a new sys.flags.utf8_mode flag. * If the LC_CTYPE locale is "C" at startup: enable automatically the UTF-8 mode. * Add _winapi.GetACP(). encodings._alias_mbcs() now calls _winapi.GetACP() to get the ANSI code page * locale.getpreferredencoding() now returns 'UTF-8' in the UTF-8 mode. As a side effect, open() now uses the UTF-8 encoding by default in this mode. * Py_DecodeLocale() and Py_EncodeLocale() now use the UTF-8 encoding in the UTF-8 Mode. * Update subprocess._args_from_interpreter_flags() to handle -X utf8 * Skip some tests relying on the current locale if the UTF-8 mode is enabled. * Add test_utf8mode.py. * _Py_DecodeUTF8_surrogateescape() gets a new optional parameter to return also the length (number of wide characters). * pymain_get_global_config() and pymain_set_global_config() now always copy flag values, rather than only copying if the new value is greater than the old value.
298 lines
11 KiB
ReStructuredText
298 lines
11 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. highlightlang:: c
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.. _os:
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Operating System Utilities
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==========================
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.. c:function:: PyObject* PyOS_FSPath(PyObject *path)
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Return the file system representation for *path*. If the object is a
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:class:`str` or :class:`bytes` object, then its reference count is
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incremented. If the object implements the :class:`os.PathLike` interface,
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then :meth:`~os.PathLike.__fspath__` is returned as long as it is a
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:class:`str` or :class:`bytes` object. Otherwise :exc:`TypeError` is raised
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and ``NULL`` is returned.
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.. versionadded:: 3.6
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.. c:function:: int Py_FdIsInteractive(FILE *fp, const char *filename)
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Return true (nonzero) if the standard I/O file *fp* with name *filename* is
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deemed interactive. This is the case for files for which ``isatty(fileno(fp))``
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is true. If the global flag :c:data:`Py_InteractiveFlag` is true, this function
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also returns true if the *filename* pointer is *NULL* or if the name is equal to
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one of the strings ``'<stdin>'`` or ``'???'``.
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.. c:function:: void PyOS_BeforeFork()
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Function to prepare some internal state before a process fork. This
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should be called before calling :c:func:`fork` or any similar function
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that clones the current process.
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Only available on systems where :c:func:`fork` is defined.
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.. versionadded:: 3.7
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.. c:function:: void PyOS_AfterFork_Parent()
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Function to update some internal state after a process fork. This
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should be called from the parent process after calling :c:func:`fork`
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or any similar function that clones the current process, regardless
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of whether process cloning was successful.
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Only available on systems where :c:func:`fork` is defined.
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.. versionadded:: 3.7
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.. c:function:: void PyOS_AfterFork_Child()
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Function to update internal interpreter state after a process fork.
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This must be called from the child process after calling :c:func:`fork`,
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or any similar function that clones the current process, if there is
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any chance the process will call back into the Python interpreter.
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Only available on systems where :c:func:`fork` is defined.
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.. versionadded:: 3.7
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.. seealso::
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:func:`os.register_at_fork` allows registering custom Python functions
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to be called by :c:func:`PyOS_BeforeFork()`,
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:c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Parent` and :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child`.
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.. c:function:: void PyOS_AfterFork()
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Function to update some internal state after a process fork; this should be
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called in the new process if the Python interpreter will continue to be used.
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If a new executable is loaded into the new process, this function does not need
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to be called.
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.. deprecated:: 3.7
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This function is superseded by :c:func:`PyOS_AfterFork_Child()`.
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.. c:function:: int PyOS_CheckStack()
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Return true when the interpreter runs out of stack space. This is a reliable
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check, but is only available when :const:`USE_STACKCHECK` is defined (currently
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on Windows using the Microsoft Visual C++ compiler). :const:`USE_STACKCHECK`
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will be defined automatically; you should never change the definition in your
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own code.
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.. c:function:: PyOS_sighandler_t PyOS_getsig(int i)
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Return the current signal handler for signal *i*. This is a thin wrapper around
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either :c:func:`sigaction` or :c:func:`signal`. Do not call those functions
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directly! :c:type:`PyOS_sighandler_t` is a typedef alias for :c:type:`void
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(\*)(int)`.
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.. c:function:: PyOS_sighandler_t PyOS_setsig(int i, PyOS_sighandler_t h)
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Set the signal handler for signal *i* to be *h*; return the old signal handler.
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This is a thin wrapper around either :c:func:`sigaction` or :c:func:`signal`. Do
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not call those functions directly! :c:type:`PyOS_sighandler_t` is a typedef
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alias for :c:type:`void (\*)(int)`.
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.. c:function:: wchar_t* Py_DecodeLocale(const char* arg, size_t *size)
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Decode a byte string from the locale encoding with the :ref:`surrogateescape
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error handler <surrogateescape>`: undecodable bytes are decoded as
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characters in range U+DC80..U+DCFF. If a byte sequence can be decoded as a
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surrogate character, escape the bytes using the surrogateescape error
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handler instead of decoding them.
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Return a pointer to a newly allocated wide character string, use
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:c:func:`PyMem_RawFree` to free the memory. If size is not ``NULL``, write
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the number of wide characters excluding the null character into ``*size``
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Return ``NULL`` on decoding error or memory allocation error. If *size* is
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not ``NULL``, ``*size`` is set to ``(size_t)-1`` on memory error or set to
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``(size_t)-2`` on decoding error.
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Decoding errors should never happen, unless there is a bug in the C
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library.
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Use the :c:func:`Py_EncodeLocale` function to encode the character string
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back to a byte string.
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.. seealso::
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The :c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize` and
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:c:func:`PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize` functions.
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.. versionadded:: 3.5
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.. versionchanged:: 3.7
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The function now uses the UTF-8 encoding in the UTF-8 mode.
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.. c:function:: char* Py_EncodeLocale(const wchar_t *text, size_t *error_pos)
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Encode a wide character string to the locale encoding with the
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:ref:`surrogateescape error handler <surrogateescape>`: surrogate characters
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in the range U+DC80..U+DCFF are converted to bytes 0x80..0xFF.
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Return a pointer to a newly allocated byte string, use :c:func:`PyMem_Free`
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to free the memory. Return ``NULL`` on encoding error or memory allocation
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error
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If error_pos is not ``NULL``, ``*error_pos`` is set to ``(size_t)-1`` on
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success, or set to the index of the invalid character on encoding error.
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Use the :c:func:`Py_DecodeLocale` function to decode the bytes string back
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to a wide character string.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.7
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The function now uses the UTF-8 encoding in the UTF-8 mode.
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.. seealso::
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The :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault` and
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:c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeLocale` functions.
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.. versionadded:: 3.5
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.. versionchanged:: 3.7
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The function now supports the UTF-8 mode.
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.. _systemfunctions:
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System Functions
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================
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These are utility functions that make functionality from the :mod:`sys` module
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accessible to C code. They all work with the current interpreter thread's
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:mod:`sys` module's dict, which is contained in the internal thread state structure.
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.. c:function:: PyObject *PySys_GetObject(const char *name)
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Return the object *name* from the :mod:`sys` module or *NULL* if it does
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not exist, without setting an exception.
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.. c:function:: int PySys_SetObject(const char *name, PyObject *v)
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Set *name* in the :mod:`sys` module to *v* unless *v* is *NULL*, in which
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case *name* is deleted from the sys module. Returns ``0`` on success, ``-1``
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on error.
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.. c:function:: void PySys_ResetWarnOptions()
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Reset :data:`sys.warnoptions` to an empty list.
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.. c:function:: void PySys_AddWarnOption(const wchar_t *s)
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Append *s* to :data:`sys.warnoptions`.
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.. c:function:: void PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode(PyObject *unicode)
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Append *unicode* to :data:`sys.warnoptions`.
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.. c:function:: void PySys_SetPath(const wchar_t *path)
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Set :data:`sys.path` to a list object of paths found in *path* which should
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be a list of paths separated with the platform's search path delimiter
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(``:`` on Unix, ``;`` on Windows).
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.. c:function:: void PySys_WriteStdout(const char *format, ...)
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Write the output string described by *format* to :data:`sys.stdout`. No
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exceptions are raised, even if truncation occurs (see below).
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*format* should limit the total size of the formatted output string to
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1000 bytes or less -- after 1000 bytes, the output string is truncated.
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In particular, this means that no unrestricted "%s" formats should occur;
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these should be limited using "%.<N>s" where <N> is a decimal number
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calculated so that <N> plus the maximum size of other formatted text does not
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exceed 1000 bytes. Also watch out for "%f", which can print hundreds of
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digits for very large numbers.
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If a problem occurs, or :data:`sys.stdout` is unset, the formatted message
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is written to the real (C level) *stdout*.
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.. c:function:: void PySys_WriteStderr(const char *format, ...)
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As :c:func:`PySys_WriteStdout`, but write to :data:`sys.stderr` or *stderr*
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instead.
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.. c:function:: void PySys_FormatStdout(const char *format, ...)
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Function similar to PySys_WriteStdout() but format the message using
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:c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormatV` and don't truncate the message to an
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arbitrary length.
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.. versionadded:: 3.2
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.. c:function:: void PySys_FormatStderr(const char *format, ...)
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As :c:func:`PySys_FormatStdout`, but write to :data:`sys.stderr` or *stderr*
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instead.
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.. versionadded:: 3.2
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.. c:function:: void PySys_AddXOption(const wchar_t *s)
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Parse *s* as a set of :option:`-X` options and add them to the current
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options mapping as returned by :c:func:`PySys_GetXOptions`.
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.. versionadded:: 3.2
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.. c:function:: PyObject *PySys_GetXOptions()
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Return the current dictionary of :option:`-X` options, similarly to
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:data:`sys._xoptions`. On error, *NULL* is returned and an exception is
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set.
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.. versionadded:: 3.2
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.. _processcontrol:
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Process Control
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===============
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.. c:function:: void Py_FatalError(const char *message)
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.. index:: single: abort()
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Print a fatal error message and kill the process. No cleanup is performed.
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This function should only be invoked when a condition is detected that would
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make it dangerous to continue using the Python interpreter; e.g., when the
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object administration appears to be corrupted. On Unix, the standard C library
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function :c:func:`abort` is called which will attempt to produce a :file:`core`
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file.
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.. c:function:: void Py_Exit(int status)
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.. index::
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single: Py_FinalizeEx()
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single: exit()
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Exit the current process. This calls :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx` and then calls the
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standard C library function ``exit(status)``. If :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx`
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indicates an error, the exit status is set to 120.
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.. versionchanged:: 3.6
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Errors from finalization no longer ignored.
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.. c:function:: int Py_AtExit(void (*func) ())
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.. index::
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single: Py_FinalizeEx()
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single: cleanup functions
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Register a cleanup function to be called by :c:func:`Py_FinalizeEx`. The cleanup
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function will be called with no arguments and should return no value. At most
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32 cleanup functions can be registered. When the registration is successful,
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:c:func:`Py_AtExit` returns ``0``; on failure, it returns ``-1``. The cleanup
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function registered last is called first. Each cleanup function will be called
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at most once. Since Python's internal finalization will have completed before
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the cleanup function, no Python APIs should be called by *func*.
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